v

MARINE

BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,

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the permission of the Trustees.

HYMENOMYCETES BRITANNICI

Pleniorem dabit lucem futura oetas."

Britannia

BRITISH FUNGI

( H YMENOM YCE TES )

BY

REV. JOHN STEVENSON

AUTHOR OF ' MYCOLOGIA SCOTICA '
HON. SEC. CKYl'TOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND

IV I TH IL L US TR A T1ONS

IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. I. AGARICUS BOLBITIUS

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS

EDINBURGH AND LONDON

MDCCCLXXXVI

All Rights reserved

PREFACE.

THERE is no royal road to the knowledge of Fungi ; and it is
impossible, with any regard to scientific accuracy, to avoid the
use of language which at first sight may be repellent. It need
not, however, be so in reality. The careful mastery of a few
scientific terms by the aid of the Glossary (end of vol. ii.) will
enable those who have not hitherto studied the subject to use
the descriptions, not only with ease, but with much greater
satisfaction in the identification of species. This is particularly
the case in regard to Edible and Poisonous species. Any
description of general appearance, which omitted scientific
details, might be most misleading. The species must be care-
fully identified by means of the descriptions. 1 Comparatively
few of the Agarics are used as food. Probably a much larger
number are either edible or harmless.

It has been usual in the descriptive literature of Mycology
to give a diagnosis, followed by a description of each species.
This may be a convenient method in letterpress to illustra-
tions ; but in a w r ork designed for practical use, it involves
extensive repetition. I am aware that the departure from this
method will touch existing prejudice; but it seems desirable

1 Those who desire to become fungus-eaters are recommended to obtain
Mr Worthington G. Smith's 'Mushrooms and Toadstools.' published by
Hardwicke & Bogue at is. Its use along with scientific descriptions should
avert the possibility of danger.

VI PREFACE.

to avoid repetition to the extent of one-third or one-half in the
account of each species, and thereby to secure space for fuller
description. Moreover, the diagnosis is not lost. From the
arrangement which is adopted in printing, the student, if he
is a student at all, can at a glance pick it out for himself.

The volumes are founded chiefly on Fries's ' Hymenomy-
cetes Europaei ' and * Monographia Hymenomycetum Suecias. 3
The former contains the latest arrangement of genera and
species ; the latter the more detailed descriptions. ' Mono-
graphia' is now exceedingly rare, only a hundred copies having
been originally printed ; and I have carefully embodied from
it all that it is of importance for the student to possess.

In some minute details reference has been made to the
older works of Fries ; and in such cases the critical student
must compare these, in order to judge of the interpretation
which has been given. The works which contain the views
of Berkeley are ' English Flora/ vol. 5 ; * Outlines of British
Fungology ; ' and the long series of " Notices of British Fungi,"
published by Berkeley and Broome in the ' Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History/

In giving references it has not been found possible to go
beyond more recent works and illustrations. Any exhaustive
treatment of synonyms, &c., would make the present volumes
undesirably large for practical use. Other references will be
found in ' Hymenomycetes Europaei,' a work which is certain
to be in the hands of any one who will enter minutely into this
part of the subject.

I have included only species which are undoubtedly British.
Several have been omitted as apparently of exotic origin ; some
have been excluded as determined upon insufficient grounds ;
a few cannot be accepted without verification. The tendency
in recent years has been to multiply species unnecessarily, and
ultimately many so-called species must disappear. The prun-
ing -knife must be unsparingly used ; but this must be the
work of a Congress of Cryptogamic Botanists, not of individual
authors.

PREFACE. Vll

As far as space would admit, comparisons between different
species, in appearance, affinity, &c., have been noted. These
will often be found to be of great value in the identification of
species. Observations (under the line which records habitats,
&c.) other than my own bear the initials of their authors. The
claims of space have necessarily made these very brief. The
spore-measurements are those of Berkeley (M.J.B.), Berkeley
and Broome (B. & Br.), Britzelmayer (B.), Karsten (K.),
Phillips (W.P.), Plowright (C.B.P.), and Worthington Smith
(W.G.S.)

Of the illustrations, it is sufficient to say that they are the
work of Mr Worthington Smith. All the original coloured
drawings, life - size, as well as actual examples, are in the
British Museum, Natural History Department, South Ken-
sington, where they may be seen by any one who desires to
examine them ; and I desire to express our special obligation
to Dr Carruthers for the trouble and care he has taken in
arranging them for future reference.

It is impossible to acknowledge in detail, as I could have
wished, the assistance I have received in the preparation of the
work ; but it is with unfeigned pleasure that I desire to record
my special obligation to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Rev. Canon
Du Port, Rev. Dr Keith, Rev. David Paul, W. Phillips, C. B.
Plowright, and Worthington G. Smith. We have had many
discussions. Sometimes we have differed in opinion. More
frequently we have agreed. The results are in the hands of
critics.

In interpreting the mind of Fries, serious differences will be
found between the descriptions contained in the present work
and many which have been published in ' Grevillea.' I can
only request that, before deciding between them, scholars will
examine and compare the descriptions of Fries in the original

language.

J. S.

GLAMIS, 1886.

H YM ENOMYCETES.

THE HYMENOMYCETES (so called from the hymeniuin or fruit-bear-
ing surface) include most of the larger Fungi. The common
Mushroom may be taken as the type, as all the members of the
Family bear more or less resemblance to it in organisation and
reproduction. The plant consists of the mycelium, the recep-
tacle, and the reproductive organs.

The Mycelium, or body resulting from germination of spores
(popularly known as " spawn ") gives rise to a Receptacle upon
which the Spores, or reproductive bodies, are produced. In the
case of the mushroom e.g., what is popularly known as the fungus,
consisting of a stem, pileus, and gills, is only the receptacle. The
reproductive bodies are situated on the hymenium, which, in the
case of the mushroom, is spread over the gills or plates on the
lower surface of the pileus. On the hymenium are produced
sporophores (basidia) which bear at the apex, usually in groups of
four, either slightly stalked or sessile spores. On germinating the
spores give rise to a new mycelium, which in its turn develops the
spore-producing part of the plant. The Hymenomycetes vary in
their substance, being fleshy, or woody, or gelatinous. They are
divided into the following six orders :

A. HYMENIUM F I CURATE.

I. Spread over the surface of lamellae or gills = Agaricini.
II. Lining the interior of tubes or pores = Polyporei.
III. Clothing the surface of spines or protuberances of various
forms = Hydnei.

B. HYMENIUM EVEN.

IV. Horizontal and mostly on the under surface = Thelephorei.
V. Vertical and produced all over the surface = Clavariei.
VI. Superior; gelatinous fungi = Tremellini.

A

AGARICUS.

ORDER I. AGAEJCINI.

In the Agaricini the hymenium is spread over lamellas or gills,
which radiate from a centre or stem. The gills are composed of
a double membrane, and are simple or branched. No type in the
vegetable world has shown greater diversity of form.

GENUS I. Agaricus L.

(The name is said to be derived from Agaria, a region of Sar-
matia.) The following are the distinguishing features of this
large genus : Gills membranaceous, scissile, acute at the edge,
persistent, concrete by the somewhat floccose trama with the
inferior hymenophore. Veil various, but never in the form of a
spider-web when universal. Spores separating from the sporo-
phores, and falling off, hence the gills are not cinnamon-pulver-
ulent as in the Cortinarii. Fleshy or membranaceous, putrescent
and not reviving when once dried up. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 17.

The genus Agaricus is divided into five series, which are de-
termined by the colour of the spores. These are white, pink,
brown, purple, and black. The white-spored species are the high-
est in type, being firmer and more persistent than those which
have coloured spores. In these last there is a greater tendency to
deliquesce, especially in the case of the black-spored Agarics.

SERIES I. LEUCOSPORI (\CVKOS, white, av6pos, seed). Spores
white, rarely whitish (dingy or inclining to reddish), globose,

ovate or oblong, simple, even, very
rarely rough. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 17.

Subgenus I. AMANITA (a name
given to some esculent fungi by Galen,
perhaps from Mount Amanus.) Fr.
Syst. Myc. i. p. 12. Universal veil
(voli'd) which is at first continuous
(completely enveloping the young
plant) distinct from the epidermis of
the pileus. Hymenophore distinct
from the stem. All growing on the
ground. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 17. Some
of the Amanitas are edible, others
very poisonous.

/. Agaricus (A manita) muscariits,
One-quarter natural size.

A. RING MANIFEST, SUPERIOR.

* J'bh'a bursting at the top or splitting all round, leaving a free persist?)? f
border at the base. Whole fungus at first enclosed in the volva, which is con-

LEUCOSPORI. 3

nate with the base of the stem, but only nestling in it and distinct from it. Amanita.
Pileus naked or clothed with broad membranaceous patches of the volva.

** Volva splitting regularly all round, the base marginate and persistent,
the calyptra (hood] broken up into thick warts on the pi lens. Volva adnate,
at first enclosing the whole fungus, but the pileus is raised above the base of
the stem and distinct from it, and therefore when it expands, the volva being
adnate is necessarily split round about between their margins.

*** Whole volva friable, broken up into small scales or warts, and not per-
sistent at the base of the stem, which is therefore altogether homogeneous and
immarginate. Base of the stem somewhat rooted, growing in the ground and
not within the volva, at first globoso-bulbous, but in various species depressed
above by the pressure of the margin of the pileus ; as the stem lengthens, the
bulb is more and more effaced. The pileus at the very first appears as a
small ball above the distinct base of the stem. The veil is generally rather
thin, and hence in moist weather the fragments of it on the pileus appear as
irregular, floccoso-mealy patches, which are easily brushed off, but in dry
weather they assume the form of minute adherent warts with blackish scorched
points. In some species the volva is thicker, and the warts even in moist
weather are polygonal.

**** y i va q u it e rudimentary, flocculose, -wholly disappearing. Stem at
first lengthened out, and hence the base is never depressed. There is more
frequently no trace of the universal veil ; the partial one however forming a
superior ring and the distinct hymenophore distinguish the group from the
Armillariae.

B. RING OBLITERATED OR WANTING.

A. RING MANIFEST, SUPERIOR.

* Volva bursti?ig at the top, &^c.

1. A. virosus Fr. Wholly shining white. Pileus 7.5-10 cent.
(3-4 in.) broad, fleshy, at first conical and acute, afterwards cam-
panulate then expanded, naked, viscous in wet weather, shining
when dry, margin always even, but most frequently unequal
repand and inflexed ; flesh white, unchangeable. Stem 10-15
cent. (4-6 in.) long, wholly stuffed, almost solid, split up into longi-
tudinal fibrils, cylindrical from the bulbous base, often compressed
at the apex, torn into scales on the surface, springing from a lax,
wide, thick volva, which bursts open at the apex. Ring apical,
lax, silky, splitting up into floccose fragments. Gills free, thin,
linear-lanceolate but a little broader in front, not decurrent on the
stem (although the apex of the stem is often striate), crowded,
somewhat floccose at the edge.

The pilei are most frequently oblique, extended and lobed on one side as in
Hygrophorus conic us, scarcely ever depressed. The pileus rarely becomes
yellow. The fragments of the veil often adhere to the edge of the gills.

In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.

Foetid, poisonous. Spores sphseroid or subsphaeroid, 10-16 mk. K.; 8 mk.
W.P, Name virus, poison, stink. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 3. Hym. Eur. p.

4 AGARICUS.

Amanita. 18. Sveris*. at I. och. gift. Svamp. t. 84. . Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat.
1 88 1, p. 33. C. Illust. PI. i.

2. A. phalloides Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, com-
monly shining white or lemon-yellow, fleshy, ovato-campanulate,
then expanded, obtiise, covered over with a pellicle which is viscid
(not glutinous) in wet weather, naked, rarely sprinkled with one
or two fragments of the volva, the regular margin even. Stem
7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, i cent. ()4 in.) and more thick, solid
downwards, bulbous, hollow and attenuated upwards, rather
smooth, white. Ring superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen,
commonly entire, white. Volva more or less buried in the soil,
bulbous, semifree, bursting open in a torn manner at the apex,
with a lax border. Gills free, ventricose 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad,
shining white.

Pileus very variable in colour, commonly white (Bolt. t. 48. Gonn. & Rab.
t. 10. f. i.), or yellow (A. citrina a Pers.}, becoming green (Fl. Dan. t. 1246),
green (Am. viridis Pers.}, olivaceous (Krombh. t. 69. f. 10-17), ar) d occasion-
ally variegated with tiger spots ; in late autumn with the disc almost black
but whitish round the margin. Odour somewhat foetid, but little remarkable
as compared with that of A. virosus.

In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

A very poisonous and dangerous species. Spores 8-9 mk. W.G.S. 8-10
mk. B. Name <foAA6s, elSos, appearance. Phallus-like. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 4.
Hym. Eur. p. 18. Sverig. at I. Sv. t. 2. Berk. Out. p. 89. /. 3. /. i. C.
Hbk. n. 5. Illust. PL 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. i. Fungus phalloides Vaill.
Par. t. 14. f. 5. Vivia?i t. 15. Barla t. 4. Fl. Batava t. 829. Krombh. t.
28. f. i-io. Corda ap. Sturm t. 55. Price f. 28. Paul. Champ, t. 155. f. i,
2. Hartz. t. 5 &c. A. virosus Vittad. t. 17. Inzenga Sicil. t. 2.

* A. vernus Bull. White. Pileus ovate then expanded, some-
what depressed, viscid, margin orbicular, even. Stem stuffed
then hollow, equal, floccose, closely sheathed with the free border
of the volva. Ring reflexed, swollen. Gills free.

In woods. Spring-Summer.

It does not seem to be distinguishable from A. phalloides., and is probably
also poisonous. Name ver, spring. A. bulbosus vernus Bull. t. 108. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 18. Berk. Out. p. 89. C. Hbk. n. 4. Illust. PI. 3. 5. Mycol.
Scot. n. 2. Vittad. t. 44. A. solitarius Gonn. &= Rab. t. u. /. 2. Paul. t.
156. f. 3, 4. The figures of Bolton and Price may be quoted for either.

3. A. mappa Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, commonly
white or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse
or depressed, orbicular, dry, margin for the most part even. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then
hollow, almost equal above the bulb, rather smooth, white. Ring
superior, soft, lax, here and there torn. Volva regularly circularly-
split, somewhat obliterated ; the globoso-bulbous base connate

LEUCOSPORI. 5

with the stem, with an acute and distant margin ; the calyptra Amanita.
covering the pileus divided into broad, irregular, somewhat
separating scales. Gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, shining
white.

Odour stinking. The colour is that of A. phalloides (Curt. Lond. t. 32 and
Sow. t. 286 figure both under the same name), less changeable, commonly
white Price f. 66, with which A. virosa Conn. & Rab. t. 9. f. i. exactly
agrees, more rarely straw colour, Nees Syst. f. 165, lemon-yellow Gonn. &
Rab. t. ii. /". i, becoming green Krombh. t. 28. f. n, 12.

In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Poisonous. Spores sphasroid, 7-10 mk. K. 8-9 x 6-8 mk. B. Name
mappa, a napkin. From the volva. Fr. Afonogr. i. p. 5. Hym. Eur. p. 19.
Berk. Out. p. go. C. Hbk, n. 6. Illusl. PL 4. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 3. A.
bulbosus Bull. t. 577. /. D.G.H.M. A. citrino-albus Vittad. t. n. Am.
venenosa Pers. Champ, earnest, t. 2. Paul. Ch. t. 158. b. smaller and with-
out warts : Schceff. t. 241.

** Volva splitting regularly all round,

4. A. muscarius Linn. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more
broad, normally at first blood - red, soon orange and becom-
ing pale, whitening when old, globose, then convex and at
length flattened, covered with a pellicle which is at first thick,
and in wet weather glutinous, but which gradually disappears,
and sprinkled with thick, angular, separating fragments of
the volva ; margin when full grown slightly striatej flesh not
compact, white, yellow under the pellicle. Stem as much as a
span long, shining white, firm, torn into scales, at first stuffed
with lax, spider-web fibrils, soon hollow ; the adnate base of the
volva forms an ovate bulb, which is margi)iate with concentric
scales. Ring very soft, torn, even, inserted at the apex of the
stem, which is often dilated. Gills free, but reaching the stem,
decurrent in the form of lines, crowded, broader in front, white,
rarely becoming yellow.

Var. regalis, twice as large, stem stuffed, solid when young, as much as
2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, becoming light yellow within ; the volva terminates
in 8-10 concentric squamoso-reflexed rows of scales ; pileus very glutinous,
bay -brown, or the colour of cooked liver ; gills yellowish.

Var. formosa, soft, fragile ; pileiis at first lemon-yellow, with mealy, lax, yel-
lowish, easily separating warts, often naked ; gills often becoming yellow.
A. formosa Gonn. & Rab. t. io./. 2, with the warts rubbed off.

Var. umhrina, thinner and more slender ; stem hollow, often twisted, bulb
narrowed ; pileus at first umber then livid, with exception of the disc which
is fuscous ; gills at length remote. Viv. Ital. t. 26.

In woods, chiefly birch and fir. Common. July-Nov.

Easily identified by its orange pileus, more or less covered with white warts,
and pure white stem and gills. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 10-12x8-9 mk.

6 AGARICUS.

Amanita. K. ; 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Very poisonous (Clus. Pern. g. xiii. 4. Sterb.
t. 28 A C). Producing intoxication, delirium, and death. Used in Kamt-
chatka as a narcotic. Name musca, a fly. Called Fly Agaric, from
the use of the decoction as a fly-poison. Linn. Fl. Suec. 1235. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 7. Hym. Eur. p. 20. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 7. Illust.
PL 117. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 4. Grev. t. 54. Hussey t. i. Krombh. t. 9.
Vittad. t. 5. Sv. Bot. t. 108. Fr, Sverig dtl. o. gift. Sv. t. i. Viv.
Ital. t. 29. Hartz. t. i. Hoffm. Ic. an. t. i. Paul. t. 157. Smaller,
without warts ; Schceff. t. 28. B. & Br. n. 1500*. A. puella Gonn. & Rab.
t. 7 .f. 2.

5. A. pantherinus B.C. Pileus commonly olivaceous-umber
when young, fleshy, convex then flattened or somewhat depressed,
with a viscous pellicle, which is at first thick and olivaceous-
fuscous, then thinned out, almost disappearing and livid, the
disc only becoming fuscous ; margin evidently striate; the frag-
ments of the volva divided into small, equal, white, regularly
arranged, moderately persistent warts ; flesh wholly white, never
yellow beneath the pellicle. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12
mm. (y 2 in.) thick, at first stuffed then hollow with spider-web
fibrils within, equal or attenuated upwards, slightly firm and
sometimes squamulose downwards, greaved at the base by the
separable volva which has an entire and obtuse margin. Ring
more or less distant, adhering obliquely, white, rarely superior.
Gills free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)
broad, shining white.

Flesh of the pileus thinner than in neighbouring species. So like var. um-
brina of A. muscarius that Persoon, Secretan, and other colourists have con-
founded them, but very different from it (in the order of nature intermediate
as it were between A. strangulates and A. aridus, and truly abnormal in this
group) ; for the base of the circularly ruptured volva indeed forms a sheath
adnate to the stem, but is separable from it, and marked by a proper obtuse
continuous margin, and not furnished with the concentric scales of the rest.
It is readily distinguished from A. muscarius var. umbrina by the white flesh
never becoming yellow beneath the pellicle. Variable in size and colour, which,
however, is never red or yellow, and in the position of the ring.

In woods and pastures. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Solitary. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad ; when dry soft to the touch like kid-
leather. M.J.B. Poisonous. Spores 7-8x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-10 mk. B. ;
8x4 mk. W.G.S. Name pantherinus, spotted like a panther. Dec. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 9. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 9. Illust.
PI. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 5. Fl. Da?i. t. 19 11. f. 2 young. Vittad. Fung,
mang. t. 39. Krombh. t. 29. f. 10-13. Paul. Champ, t. 160, f. 2. Viv. t. 26.
Schceff. t. 90.

6. A. excelsus Fr. Pileus 10-12.5 cent - (4~5 m -) broad, fus-
cous-grey, darker in the centre, fleshy \ soft, globose then plane,
pellicle thin, but viscous and in reality separable in wet weather,
then the surface is often wrinkled-papillose, or in a peculiar man-
ner hollowed and pitted, sprinkled with angular, unequal, whitish-

LEUCOSPORL 7

grey, easily separating warts, the remains of the friable volva ; Amamta.
margin at first even, but when properly developed manifestly
striate, even sulcate; flesh soft, white throughout, unchangeable.
Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, at first
stuffed, almost solid, but at length hollow, globoso-depressed at
the base, attenuated upwards from the bulb, covered, sometimes
as far as the ring, sometimes only on the lower part, with dense,
squarrose, concentric scales (from the epidermis of the stem being
torn), striate at the apex. Ring superior, large, separating-free or
at length torn. Gills quite free, rounded (not decurrent on the
stem in the form of lines), very ventricose, 12 mm. (% in.) and
more broad, shining white.

The bulb when young is somewhat marginate, but by no means separable,
the margin proper like that of A. muscarius is marked with scales, buried in
the soil, somewhat rooting, beneath the margin marked here and there with
a concentric furrow. The shorter gills intermixed are more numerous than
is usual among Amanitce. There is a smaller variety, with the margin more
frequently striate, and the stem stuffed then hollow. Paul. t. 159. f. 1,2.
Krombh. t. 29. f. 14.

In woods, chiefly under beech. Frequent. July-Oct.

Solitary. Taste not unpleasant, but poisonous. Spores 6 x 9 mk. W. G.S.
Na.mQexcelsus, tall. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 8. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Berk. Out.
p. 91. /. 3.7. 3. C. Hbk. n. 8. Illust. PL 7. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 6. Krombh.
t. 29. f. 14-17. Letell. Suppl. t. 40. Am. pantherina Gonn. & Rab. t. i. and

A. excelsa /. 8./. i. without warts. Paul. t. 159. (Bolt. t. 47 very bad.)

7. A. strobiliformis Vitt. Pileus white, becoming cinereous,
convex then expanded, pelliculose, the margin, which extends be-
yond the gills, even, warts hard, angular, and closely adnate ; flesh
compact and white. Stem solid, floccoso-scaly, thickening down-
wards into an underground bulb, which is acutely marginate with
(i, 2) concentric furrows. Ring torn. Gills rounded-free.

Grassy borders of woods. Rare. July-Sept.

Pileus when young subglobose, bulb of the stem conical below, rooting, its
border sometimes incised all round, sometimes even, floccose above to the
edge of the pileus ; scales of pileus large, wart-like, with a brown disc and
white floccose border, at length falling off. Pileus when expanded 8 or 9 inches
across, at length quite smooth ; margin extending beyond the gills. Stem 6-
7 inches high, i% inch thick, firm, solid ; bulb not properly scaly ; veil large ;
gills rounded behind, the shorter ones denticulate at the base. Smell and taste
at first slight, at length disagreeable. Too much stress must not be laid upon
the incision of the bulb, or its scales, for neither character is constant. B. &
Br. Spores 8 x 14 mk. W. G. S. According to Worthington Smith its
esculent qualities are of a high order, but its rarity makes it of little value.
Namestrodtlus, a pine-cone. From the supposed similarity of the warts to
the scales of a pine-cone. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 9. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 21.

B. & Br. n. 662. Berk. Out. p. 90. t. 3.7 2, very young. C. Hbk. n. 10.
Illust. PL 8. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. j. Ventur. t. 4. A. solitarius Bull. t.
593. Paul. Champ, t. 162. Soc. Med. t. i6./. 2.

8 AGARICUS.

Amanita. *** Whole volva friable, &>c.

8. A. rubescens Pers. Pileus about 10 cent. (4 in.) broad,
dingy reddish, becoming pale flesh-colour, tan, scarcely pure,
fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist but not viscous in rainy
weather and opaque when dry, covered with unequal, soft, mealy,
whitish, easily separating warts, which are smaller, harder, and
more closely adherent in dry weather; margin even, and when old
slightly striate only in wet weather ; flesh commonly soft, white
when fresh, reddening when broken. Stem 10-12.5 (4~5 m -) l n g
as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed, somewhat solid, though
soft within, conico-attenuated from the thickened base, reddish-
squamulose, becoming red-white, and without a trace of a distinct
volva at the base. Ring superior, large, membranaceous, soft,
striate and white within. Gills reaching the stem in an attenu-
ated manner, forming decurrent lines upon it, thin, crowded, soft,
as much as 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, shining white.

Very changeable, but readily distinguished from all others of the same group
by the flesh being reddish when broken ; the stem and pileus are commonly
spotted-red when wounded. In dry weather it is firmer, flesh reddening more
slowly, warts minute : A. verrucosus Bull. t. 316. Odour scarcely any.
There is a remarkable variety circinata, pileus becoming plane, umber-rufous,
warts adnate, crowded, roundish. A. circinatus Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 2140.

In woods. Common. June-Nov.

Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 7-8x6 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. ; 7-9x6-8
mk. B. Edible. It is delicious and perfectly wholesome ; although it has
frequently been reckoned (Clus. Pern. g. vii. 3) among doubtful species. Val-
uable as an esculent species on account of its abundance. Name rubesco,
to become red. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 10. Hym. Eur. p. 23. Berk. Out. p. 90.
C. Hbk. n. ii. Illust. PL 9. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 8. Krombh. t. 10. Vittad.
Fung. mang. t. 41. Fr. dtl. Sv. t. 74. Viv. It. t. 22, 27. Hiissey t. 23.
Badh. i. /. 12. /. i, ii. t. n./i 3-5. Gonn. & Rab. t. 5. Letell. t. 667. A.
rubens Scop.-Schccff. t. 91, 261. Le Rougeatre Paul Champ, t. 161. Soc. Med.
1776 /. 13.

9. A. spissus Fr. Pileus umber, fuliginous or grey, fleshy,
somewhat compact, convexo- plane, obtuse, smooth, even, but
marked with small, cinereous, angular, adnate warts ; margin even,
but often torn into fibres ; flesh firm, white, quite unchangeable.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick,
solid, turnip-shaped at the base, somewhat rooting with a globose-
depressed not marginate bulb, curt, firm, shining white, at length
squaimtlose with concentric cracks. Ring superior, large. Gills
reaching the stem, slightly striato- decurrent, broad, crowded,
shining white.

In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Sept.

Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 6-7.5 cent - ( 2 K~3 in.) long.

LEUCOSPORI. 9

Spores 14 mk. W. G.S. ; subglobose, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; 6 mk. W.P. Name Amanita.
spissus, compact. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 23. C. Hbk. n.
12. Illust. PL 39. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 9. Am. cinerea Krombh. t. 29. f. i-
5. A. strobiliformis Gonn. & Rab. t. j.f. 3.

10. A. nitidus Fr. Pileus when flattened 10 cent. (4 in.) broad,
whitish, fleshy, somewhat compact, at first hemispherical, wrapped
up, the thick volva forming a floccose crust, then broken up into
thick, remarkably angular, adhering warts, which become fuscous,
dry, shining, without a viscous pellicle, margin always even ; flesh
white, quite unchangeable. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent,
(i in.) thick, solid, firm, conico-attenuated, with a bulb-shaped base,
squamulose, white. Ring superior, thin, torn, slightly striate, white,
villous beneath, at length disappearing. Gills free, crowded, -very
broad, as much as 12 mm. (>< in.), ventricose, shining white.

The pileus very rarely inclines to become yellow or green. Easily distin-
guished by its warts.

On the ground in woods. Mattishall.

Several specimens approach so near to A. mappa that it is difficult to distin-
guish them. B. &" Br. Name niteo, to shine. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12. Hym.
Eur. p. 24. Icon. t. 12. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1833. C. Illust. PL 70. Bul-
beux a facette de diamant Paul. Champ, t. 162. Soc. Med. par. t. i6./. i.
Battar. t. 6. f. B.

11. A. asper. Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, oliva-
ceous-fuliginous, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex, then plane, thin
and even at the margin, roughened with minute, regular, ang2ilar,
very crowded, closely adnate warts; flesh compact, white, becom-
ing fuscous under the cuticle. Stem stuffed then hollow, at first
curt, ovate, then elongated, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, attenuated
from the somewhat wrinkled bulb, squamulose, externally and in-
ternally white. Ring superior, entire. Gills rounded-free, not
striato-decurrent, ventricose, white.

In beech and fir woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov.

Spores 8x6-7 mk. IV. G.S. Name asper, rough. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12.
Hym. Eur. p. 24. Berk. Out. p. 91. C. Hbk. n. 13. Illust. PL 34. 5.
Mycol. Scot. n. 10. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 43.

**** Volva quite rudimentary, flocculose, &*c.

12. A. magnificus Fr. Pileus 7-5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish,
livid, pallid reddish-tan, &c., fleshy, thin, plane when full grown,
scarcely umbonate, commonly naked, but often sprinkled with
irregularly placed floccose spots, not forming warts ; the margin
evidently striate when full grown ; flesh thin, white, but change-
able when broken, turning tawny rather than reddening. Stem
elongated, slender, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)

10 AGARICUS.

i '

Arnanita. thick, stuffed with a somewhat distinct pith, at length hollow,
equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, and without any traces of a
bulb or veil at the base, becoming red-whitish, squamulose below,
concentrically cracked upwards when dry. Ring superior, sep-
arating. Gills adnate, but ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad
with a decurrent tooth.

Much allied to A. rubescens in habit but differing in the definitely hollow
somewhat equal stem, in the rigid cuticle, in the pileus being thinner and
manifestly striate at the margin, in the flesh turning tawny, in the adnate
gills, and in the universal veil being thin and fugacious.

In Scotch fir wood. Rare. Glamis, 1876. July-Sept.

My specimens had a bulbous base, and agreed exactly with Fl. Dan, t.
2148. f. i, which is referred by Fries to this species. The cuticle is much
paler than in A. rubescens, and tinged over with tawny-red. Name magiiifi-
cus, splendid. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 13. Hym. Eur. p. 25. B. & Br. n.
1631. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. n. Fl. Dan. t. 2146. b. Ag. adnatus Schum.
Fl. Dan. t. 2148. / i.

13. A. megalodactylus Berk. & Br. Pileus 9 cent. (3^ in.)
broad, reddish-grey, convex, soft, smooth ; cuticle entire, margin
even. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, solid, somewhat bulbous,
fibrillose. Ring very large, placed near the top of the stem.
Gills free, moderately broad, pallid, at length tinged with red.

Strong-scented. Allied to A. lenticularis, but the solid stem is not squam-
ulose, and the gills do not assume an olive tint.

In woods. Wothorpe, Stamford.

Name M-eya?, great, Sa/crvXos, a finger. Tall-stemmed. Berk. Out. p. 91.
C. Hbk. n. 14. Illust. PL ii. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 25.

14. A. lenticularis Lasch. Pileus 7.5-10 (3-4 in.) broad,
flesh tan colour, fleshy, globose when young, then campanulato-
convex, even, smooth, moist ; flesh soft, spongy, white, with a
mouldy odour. Stem elongated, 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long,
slightly bulbous at the base or wholly equal, solid, but very
spongy-soft, more or less squamulose, sometimes almost smooth.
Ring superior, but distant from the pileus, even, large. Gills
wholly free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, very crowd-
ed, whitish, sometimes inclining to olivaceous.

The pileus varies, yellowish and becoming pale, /;/ -very wet -weather there
are dark-green -watery drops on and above the ring, which when dried com-
monly leave dingy spots.

In mixed plantations. Coed Coch. Oct.

Remarkable for the great development of the ring, and the smooth pinkish-
tan pileus. B. & Br. Name lenticula, a lentil. Lasch. Linn. iii. n. 18.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 15. Hym. Eur. p. 26. Icon. t. 13. B. & Br. n. 1104.
C. Hbk. n. 15. Price f. 88. A. (Lep.) lenticularis C. Illust. PI. 17.

LEUCOSPORI.

II

B. RING OBLITERATED OR WANTING. Amanita.

15. A. vaginatus Bull. Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad,
livid, &c., slightly fleshy, at first campanulate then flattened ob-
tuse and even, smooth, naked and

rarely covered with fragments of the
volva, moist in rainy weather, some-
what shining when dry, at the mar-
gin wholly membranaceous, elegantly
sulcate like the teeth of a comb; flesh
whitish. Volva wholly free, sheath-
ing, lax, fragile. Stem hollow, with
spider-web fibrils within, attenuated
equally from the base, commonly slen-
der, but when larger as much as 2.5
(i in.) thick, very soft however and
fragile, externally torn into squamules.
Ring obsolete. Gills free, ventricose,

not much Crowded, shining white or II. Agaricus (Amanita) vaginattts.

, One-quarter natural size.

becoming pale.

The ring though obsolete is present, more or less conspicuous at the base
of the stem, disclosed in the volva. The stem is somewhat stuffed when very
robust. Two forms may be noted as varieties : (a.)/ulva, pileus and volva
tawny : A. fulvus Schccff. t. 95. PL Dan. t. 2142. A. trilobus Bolt. t. 38. /. i.
(b) alba, wholly white : A. fungites Batschf. 79. A. nivalis Grev. t. 18. The
tawny and brightly coloured forms appear in summer ; the livid and fuscous
forms, which are the larger, in autumn.

In woods, &c. Common. June-Nov.

Stem as much as 15 cent. (6 in.) long. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid
10-15 mk. K. ; nearly spherical, 10-14 mk. B. ; 9 x 8 mk. W.G.S. Edible,
and of excellent flavour, though reckoned among dangerous species by older
authors. The chief objection to its use as food is the thinness of the flesh,
Name vagina, a sheath. Bull t. 98, 512. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 2. Hym.
Eur. p. 27. Berk. Out. p. 91. /. 3. / 4. C. Hbk. n. i. Illust. PI. 12. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 12. PL Dan. t. 1014. Krombh. t. i. / 5, /. io./. 6-9.
Vittad. t. 1 6. Hussey ii. /. 34. Bar la t. 5. Ventur. t. 5. Gonti. & Rab.
t. -j.f. i. &c. Badh. p. 142. A. plumbeus, hyalinus, badius Schceff. t. 85,
86, 244, 245. A. pulvinatus Bolt. t. 49.

16. A. strangulatus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and
more broad, date-brown-livid, becoming pale, fleshy, campanu-
late then flattened, obtuse, smooth, viscid, commonly variegated
and occasionally fully covered over with broad, crowded, plane
scales ; margin striate, then deeply sulcate, almost like the teeth
of a comb. Stem wholly stuffed when young, somewhat hollow
only when old, closely sheathed at the base by the circularly split
volva. Ring inferior, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) distant from the base,
rarely medial. Gills free, crowded, ventricose, shining white.

12

AGARICUS.

Amanita. The spurious ring forms a kind of zone on the stem ; it is not enclosed in the

volva like that of A. vaginatus. Intermediate between A. vaginatus and
A. pantherinus, but larger and more robust than either.

In woods. Uncommon. July-Sept.

A. Cecilice B. & Br. Mouse-grey. Distinguished by its less perfect volva
and stuffed stem, which does not simply contain a few cottony fibres, as that
of A. vaginatus, M.J.B. Spores 16 x 8 mk. W.G.S. Name strangulates,
choked. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 3. Hym. Eur. p. 27. Icon. t. n. 5. My col.
Scot. n. 13. Saund. & Sm. t. 40. C. Illust. PL 13. A. Ceciliae B. 6^ Br.
7i. 663, ring awanting. Berk. Out. p. 92. t. 3. /. 5. C. Hbk. t?. 2. Price

f. 112.

17. A. adnatus Smith. Pileus 6-7.5 cent - ( 2 X~3 in -) broad,
pale buff-yellow, fleshy, very firm, not brittle, smooth, somewhat
moist, convex then expanded, buff beneath the cuticle, margin
extending beyond the gills. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) high,
stuffed, at length hollow, pale buff, fibrillose. Ring none. Volva
lax, adnate, or almost obsolete, white, pubescent, remaining in
woolly patches on the pileus ; flesh white, firm, almost rigid.
Gills truly adnate, crowded, white.

Flesh almost rigid as in some Russiilce.

In woody places among oak and holly. Uncommon.

Spores 8 x 10 mk. W.G.S. From the figure of Saunders and Smith the
volva appears to be connate with the stem, and the free border is irregularly
torn. Name adnatus, adnate, of the gills. Saund. dr" Sm. t. 20. C. Hbk.
n. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 28. C. Illust. PI. 35.

Lepiota. Subgenus II. LEPIOTA (\rfe, a scale) Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 19.

Hymenophore distinct from the stem,
universal veil concrete with the epi-
dermis of the pileus. Gills free, often
remote, not sinuate or decurrent.
With one exception, growing on the
ground; several occur in hothouses
under forms departing from the type.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 29.

An easily defined subgenus from
the concrete veil and free gills. The
stem is often inserted in a cup or
socket. The larger species are edible.

A. EPIDERMIS DRY.

///. Agaricus (Lepiota) procerus.
One-fifth natural size.

distinct from the volva.

* Proceri (from the typical species of the
group, A. procerus). Ring proper, movable,
The whole fungus when young enclosed in an entire

LEUCOSPORI. 13

volva which is at length ruptured all round, and the lower part disappears Lepiota.
in the bulb of the stem, while the calyptra, which is connate with the piieus,
breaks up into scales. Stem not sheathed with the volva, as in the following
group, encircled at the apex with a (broad, depressed, Epicr.} cartilaginous
collar ; hence the gills are free and remote. Edible.

** Clypeolarii (A. clypeolarius). Ring proper, fixed, homogeneous with the
universal veil which clothes the stem. The extended stem and piieus are from
the first distinct ; hence the former is clothed below the ring by the universal
veil, and the latter has the cuticle torn into scales or flocci. There is a non-
cartilaginous prominent collar encircling the top of the stem ; hence the gills
are commonly less remote than in the preceding group. Flesh soft. Odour
and taste unpleasant, like those of radishes.

*** Annulosi. King superior, fixed, somewhat persistent, universal veil
adnate to the piieus. Stem from the first extended. Collar wanting or similar
in texture to the flesh of the piieus.

**** Granulosi (A. granulosus). Universal veil sheathing the stem and at
first extending continuously from the stem to the piieus, biit ruptured at length
and forming an inferior ring. Piieus granulose or warty. Hymenophore less
distinct from the stem than in the rest of the Lepiotae.

***** Mesomorphi (A. mesomorphus}. Smaller, slender, stem fistulose,
piieus dry, cuticle entire, neither granulose nor torn as in Clypeolarii.

B. CUTICLE viscous, CONTINUOUS.

A. EPIDERMIS DRY.
* Proceri. Ring proper, movable, &>c.

18. A. procerus Scop. Piieus 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) and more
broad, fleshy, at first ovato-acorn-shaped, then campanulate and
flattening, with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, the continuous
cuticle fuscous ; otherwise the cuticle is broken up into broad,
thick, becoming plane, at length separating scales, whence the whit-
ish surface is variegated-fuscous ; flesh very soft-cottony, tough,
white, unchangeable. Stem a span long, 12 mm. (^ in.) thick,
perfectly cylindrical with exception of the bulboso-inflated base,
firm, somewhat cartilaginous, variegated 'with adpressed fuscous
scales, deeply sunk at the apex in the cup of the piieus ; with a
definite internal tube, which is at first stuffed with lax spider-web
fibrils. Ring quite distinct from the stem, continuous with the
cuticle of the piieus when young (and adnexed at the apex of the
stem, but there very thin), free when the piieus is expanded, with
a tough cartilaginous swollen base, hence movable and persist-
ent. Gills not only absolutely free, but far remote from the stem
with a broad, piano-depressed, cartilaginous collar, crowded, ventri-
cose, broader in front, soft, whitish, sometimes becoming fuscous
at the edge.

The gills vary, whitish, light-yellowish, flesh-coloured, black-margined.
Odour pleasant.

14 AGARICUS.

In woods, chiefly fir, and pastures. Common. July-Oct.

Epidermis of pileus resembling brown shaggy leather. M.J.B. Spores
sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 14-22x10-12 mk. K. 16-18x10-12 ink.
B. 3Xi6mk. VV.G.S. Edible (Clus. Esc. gen. 18 c.) ; one of the most deli-
cate species, although the flesh is slightly tough. It makes exceedingly good
ketchup. Celebrated in Italy and France as an edible species, but reckoned
by some to be inferior to the common mushroom (A. campestris). Name
procerus, tall. Known as the " parasol mushroom," from its shape and prob-
ably from the ring being movable like that of an umbrella-stick. Scop. Cam.
p. 418. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 29. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 3.
Berk. Out. p. 92. ' C. Hbk. n. 16. Illust. PL 21. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 14.
Sch&ff. t. 22, 23. Fl. Dan. t. 772. Curt. Lond. t. 169. Sow. t. 190. Badh.
t. 2. Hussey i. /. 88. Bull. t. 78, 583. Krombh. t. 24. /. 1-12. Hartz. t.
46. Vivian t. 8. Vittad. t. 24.

19. A. rachodes Vitt. Pileus very fleshy, but very soft when
full grown, globose then flattened or depressed, at first incrusted
with a thick, rigid, even, very smooth, bay-brown, wholly continu-
ous cuticle, which remains entire at the disc but otherwise soon
becomes elegantly reticulated with cracks ; these very readily
separate into persistent, polygonal, concentric scales, which are
revolute at the margin and attached to the surface with beautifully
radiating fibres, the surface remaining coarsely fibrilloso-tomen-
tose ; flesh white, immediately becoming saffron-red when broken,
easily separating from the apex of the distinct stem, which is
encircled with a prominent collar. Stem stout, at the first
marginato-bulbous ; conical when young, then elongated, attenu-
ated upwards, as much as a span long, very robust, 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick, and more at the base, always even, and without a trace of
scales or even of fibrils although the appearance is obsoletely
silky, wholly whitish, hollow within, stuffed with spider-web
threads, the walls remarkably and coarsely fibrous. Ring mov-
able, adhering longer to the margin of the pileus than to the apex
of the stem, hence rayed with fibres at the circumference, clothed
beneath with one or two zones of scales. Gills "very remote,
lanceolate or ventricose at the middle, crowded, whitish, some-
times reddening.

The pileus is tomentose and whitish under the cuticle. The margin of the
bulb quickly vanishes. The ring, like that of A~. (Psalliota) aruensis, is as it
were duplicate. Gregarious, 2-3 individuals often connate at the base. A
variety occurs in hothouses.

In woods, chiefly fir, old thatch, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Easily distinguished from A. procerus by its more globose pileus, by the
deeper and softer covering, and by the flesh becoming saffron-red. Reckoned
edible. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-7 mk. K.; 6x8 mk. IV.G.S.
Name poucos, a ragged, tattered garment. From the ragged covering of the
pileus. Vittad. Fung. mang. p. 158. /. 20. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 20. Hym.
Eur. p. 29. Berk. Out. p. 92. t. 3. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 17. Illust. PL 22. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 15. Hussey \\. t. 38. Price f. 104.

LEUCOSPORI. 15

- A. rachodes puellaris Fr. A pretty form, wholly constant, Lepiota.
departing- from the typical form in being half the size, shining
white, with the pileus floccoso-squamose.

In woods, &c. , not uncommon. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 285. Hym. Eur. p. 29.
B. & Br. n. 1632.

20. A. excoriatus Schaeff. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some-
times of one colour whitish, sometimes brown at the disc, fleshy,
soft, globose then expanded, at length becoming plane, gibbous
rather than umbonate at the middle, cuticle very thin, sometimes
even, persistent, and slightly silky, sometimes broken up into min-
ute squauiules, more or less peeled towards the margin ; flesh soft,
white, unchangeable. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8-10 mm.
(4-5 lin.) thick, hollow, with spider-web threads within, wholly
equal or only obsoletely bulbous (the bulb, when present, buried
in the soil), even, rather smooth, quite unspotted, white. Ring
movable. Gills free, but not very remote from the stem, soft,
white.

Constantly smaller than A. procerus and A. rachodes, lower in stature, with
the thin cuticle not so much torn. The stem is less cartilaginous than that of
A. procerus, but remarkably distinct from the pileus. The ring is smaller,
tougher, less movable, and here and there vanishing.

In woods, &c. Uncommon. May-Oct.

Edible ; said to be better than its allies. According to Berkeley the taste is
like that of Marasmius oreades. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14-16x9-11 mk. '
K.; 14x9 mk. \V. G.S. Name ex, and corium, skin. From the pileus
being peeled towards the margin. Sch&ff. t. 18, 19. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 21. Hym.
Eur. p. 30. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 18. Berk. Out. p. 92. C. Hbk. n. 18. Illust.
PL 23. S. MycoL Scot. n. 16. Vivian t. 49. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 35.
Ventur. t. 7. Letell. t. 610. Krombh. t. 24. /. 24-30.

21. A. gracilentus Krombh. Pileus slightly fleshy, at the first
ovate, then campanulate, and at length flattened, slightly umbo-
nate or rather gibbous, with a thin, closely adnate, fuscous cuticle,
which breaks up into broad, adpressed, persistent scales, so that
the whitish pileus wpyews fuscous-spotted; flesh white, unchange-
able. Stem 12.5-15 (5-6 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, hol-
low, fibrillose with spider-web threads within, slightly bulbous,
otherwise equal, obsoletely scaly, whitish. Ring very laxly woven,
floccose, not only easily free, but also separating and vanishing.
Gills remote, very broad, very crowded, whitish, often dingy at
the edge, sometimes greenish.

Stature about that of A. procerus, but the stem is more slender, and the
pileus smaller and thinner. The chief difference lies in the thin fugacious ring.

In pastures. Rare.

1 6 AGARICUS.

Lepiota. Not poisonous, but rejected as food. Spores nxSmk. W.G.S. Name

gracilis, slender. Krombh.t. 24. f. 13, 14. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 21. Hym. Eur.
p. 30. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 19. Illust. PI.' 28.

22. A. mastoideus Fr. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
slightly fleshy, ovate then flattened, remarkably breast-shaped with
an acute umbo, at the first continuous and becoming fuscous ;
the cuticle, however, is soon torn into minute, thin or nipple-shaped,
persistent scales, making the pileus then whitish and variegated
fuscous; flesh thin, soft, whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick at the apex,
almost equally attenuated from the base to the apex, cartilaginous,
tough and flexible, whitish, obsoletely squamulose but not spotted
below the entire (not torn), movable ring, even above it. Gills
very remote, lanceolate, very crowded, soft, pure white.

The ring is formed after the same type as that of preceding species. The
gills are of the same type as those of A. procerus, with a cartilaginous collar
in which the stem is sunk.

In woods. King's Cliffe, &c. Oct.

Edible, but so thin in flesh as to be worthless. Name /aao-ro?, breast,
elSos, shape. Breast-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 30. Berk.
Out. p. 93. Mag. Zool. &> Bot. \. t. 2. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust. PL 24.
Fl. Dan. t. 2144. Letell. t. 610; F.D.E.

** Clypeolarii. Ring proper, fixed, Qr^c.

23. A. Friesii Lasch. Pileus ferruginous - fuscous, fleshy,
soft, torn into adpressed, tomentose scales. Stem hollow, with a
pith of a spider-web nature, somewhat bulbous, scaly; the supe-
rior ring pendulous, equal. Gills somewhat remote, linear, very
crowded, branched.

Almost the stature of A. procerus, handsome, with a heavy odour.

On sawdust. King's Lynn.

Name after Elias Fries. Lascli L,inn. iii. ;/. 9. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31.
Monogr. ii. p. 344.

* A. acutesquamosus Weinm. Pileus as much as 10-12.5
cent. (4-5 in.) broad, pale ferruginous, fleshy, hemispherical then
expanded, convex, very obtuse, the cuticle adpressedly tomentose
and sprinkled with minute, sharp-pointed, fuscous, easily separat-
ing warts, which leave areolas on the surface ; then the surface
itself splits open showing the white pileus, variegated with adnate
warty patches, which are acute and squarrose at the disc, floccose,
adpressed and paler towards the margin ; flesh moderately thick,
very white. Stem 7. 5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent.

LEUCOSPORI. 17

(i in.) thick, stout, the somewhat bulbous base solid, otherwise Lepiota.
hollow, stuffed with a lax spider-web pith, elastic, attenuated up-
wards, adpressedly fibrilloso-silky and white, but becoming fer-
ruginous below with the fibrils, adorned with areolated scales
arranged spirally from the remains of the universal veil. Ring
large, white, at length becoming yellow, at first silky, continuous
with the margin of the pileus, externally sprinkled, chiefly towards
the margin, with vernicose patches of the exterior veil ; then pen-
dulous from the apex of the stem, membranaceous but very soft
and very large, even, remaining adfixed, adhering by the silky
down of the stem. Gills quite free from the stem, united by a
collar encircling the stem, but very approximate^ lanceolate, as
much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad when full grown, very crowded,
shining white.

The margin of the pileus when young is fimbriate, and occasionally appen-
diculate with the torn ring. The stem is thicker in proportion as it is shorter.
The flesh is firmer than that of its allies. A most distinguished species ; soli-
tary or 2-3 individuals connate at the base. The open patches, left on the
floccose ground of the pileus are almost after the type of Lycoperdon gemma-
turn. Somewhat inodorous. The pileus varies furfuraceous (Krombh. t. 29.
/ 18-21.)

On soil in gardens and hotbeds. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 8-10x2-3 mk. B.; 3x6 ink. \V. G.S. Name asutus, sharp,
squama, a scale. \Veinni. Syll. \.p.jo. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 22. Hym. Eiir.p.
31. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 21. Illust. PI. 14. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 17.
Hussey ii. t. 5. A. Marias Klotsch Linn. vii. t. 8. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 4.

24. A. Badhami B. & Br. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, at
first campanulate, obtuse, at length expanded, often depressed and
umbonate, hispid, with minute, velvety, fuliginous scales, but
sometimes entirely fuliginous without any distinct scales. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) high, 6-12 mm. ( l ^-^4. in.) inch or more thick,
attenuated above, bulbous below, white, silky or floccoso-scaly,
stuffed with cottony threads. Ring firm, erect and deflexed, more
or less movable beneath, frequently clothed with dingy granules.
Gills truly remote, ventricose, rather broad.

The whole plant when wounded becomes saffron -blood-red. Flesh tolerably
compact. Resembling some forms of A. clypeolarius, but more robust. In
some specimens the surface is decidedly scaly, in others simply velvety. The
margin often projects beyond the gills, and is delicately silky and fimbriated.
The stem, though bulbous, is by no means marginate. Smell rather disagreeable.

Under yew-trees. Apethorpe, &c. Sept.

Spores elliptic, 8 mk. B. fr Br.; 6 x 3 mk. W. G.S. Name after C. D.
Badham, M.D. B. &> Br. n. 664. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 23.
Illust. PI. 25. Saiind. & Sm. t. 35. /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31.

B

iS AGARICUS.

Lepiota. 25. A. meleagris Sow. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,

fawn-coloured, fleshy, thin, at first ovate or hemispherical, very
obtuse, minutely tomentose and warty, then expanded, somewhat
campanulate, dotted with minute brown scales ; flesh turning red.
Stem stuffed with cottony threads, fusiform then nearly equal, of
the same colour, here and there tinged with yellow, most minutely
squamulose. Ring- soon ruptured, very fugacious. Gills remote,
distant, rounded behind, sometimes connected, white.

The whole plant changes in drying, or when cut, to a beautiful red. Closely
allied to A. clypeolarius. Two forms occur which run into each other, the less
typical of which has a campanulate obtuse pileus, and is of a darker tint when
d'ry. In the variety the gills are sometimes lemon-coloured.

In hothouses on spent tan. Rare. May-Oct.

Spores 5x8 mk. IV. P. Name meleagris, a guinea-fowl. From the
spotting. Sow. t. 171. B. & Br. n. 986*. C. Hbk. n. 24. lllust. PI.
26. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 18. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Tricholoma Berk. Out.
p. 101.

26. A. biornatus B. & Br. --Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate, white, silky, sprinkled with
minute dark-red punctiform scales (without striae) ; flesh white,
or slightly tinged with yellow. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) high, 8 mm.
(Y z in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, oblique, attenuated at the base,
rooting, spotted with red, reddish within. Ring descending,
spotted at the edge like the pileus. Gills approximate, ventricose,
4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white.

The whole plant becomes dark in drying.

In melon-frame. Arthingworth, 1876. July.

Spores 10x8 mk. B. & Br. Name bis, twice, orno, to adorn. From the
twofold colouring. B. & Br. Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 502. Ann. Nat.
Hist. n. 1633. C. lllust. PL 37.

27. A. hispidus Lasch.-- Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
umber-fuscous, fleshy, soft, hemispherical then expanded, umbo-
nate, at the very first tomentose from the universal veil, the down
separating into papillae or scales ; flesh thin, white, unchangeable.
Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, tubular,
but stuffed with fibrils internally, attenuated upwards, detisely
woolly-scaly from the universal veil clothing the stem as far as the
superior, membranaceous, reflexed ring, fuscous. Gills free,
approximate, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded,
ventricose, simple, white.

The pileus is not at first evened and continuous as in A. clypeolarius, c.
The down separates into scales almost like those of A. acutesquamosus. Not
becoming red when broken like A. meleagris, &c. Odour somewhat of radish.

LEUCOSPORI.

In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Lepiota.

Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus, approaching that of A. cristatus.
B. & Br. Name hispidus, rough. Lasch. n. 407. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 24.
Hym. Eur. p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. i. B. & Br. n. 901. C. Hbk. n. 22.
Illust. PL 27. S. My col. Scot. n. 19.

28. A. clypeolarius Bull. Typical form. Pileus 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) broad, beautiful tan-colour, slightly fleshy, at first acorn-
shaped, even, becoming tawny at the apex, wholly continuous,
though silky-soft, slightly crusted, with thick marginal down,
which then separates into a superior ring adhering to the stem ;
then campanulate and flattened, with a tawny umbo, otherwise
wholly broken up into floccose scales, very soft; flesh floccoso-
soft, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, watery when moist. Stem about
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with a dis-
tinct floccose-spider-web pith, soon hollow, equal or slightly
thickened at the base, soft, fragile; at first continuously scaly-
squarrose from the yellowish veil being broken up into patches; the
floccose scales easily separate, so that the stem is somewhat naked,
fibrillose, pallid, striate at the apex above the fugacious ring.
Gills free, approximate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, soft, crowded, shin-
ing white or becoming yellow.

Odour weak, often scarcely any. It is so very changeable, that it is scarcely
possible to include all its forms under a common description. The scales on
the pileus vary yellow, rufescent, ferruginous, and the gills white, yellowish.
In shady pine-woods a form occurs with white-floccose-woolly stem, pileus
wholly woolly with exception of the continuous disc, sometimes yellowish,
sometimes becoming pale. In marshy thickets there is a form with the squa-
mulose pileus rose-coloured. In very shady beech-wood, on rotten wet leaves,
a more slender form occurs, with a floccoso-squamulose stem, and white pileus
elegantly variegated with concentric fuscous scales. Var. pratensis Bull, is
floccose only below the fibrillose ring. There are many forms in hothouses
departing from the type, as Fl. Dan. t. 1732.

In woods, shaded borders, and hothouses. Uncommon. Oct.-
Nov.

Spores oblong, uniguttate, 16-20 x 5-6 mk. K.; 18-20 x 4-5 mk. B. Name
clypeus, a shield. Bull. t. 405, 506. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 24. Hym. Eur.
p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 25. Illust. PI. 38.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 20. Tratt. Austr. t. 26.

29. A. metulaesporus B. & Br. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
white, rather fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, sulcate, with small
pallid scales, margin appendiculate. Stem 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal or slightly
clavate, pallid, lemon-coloured within. Gills approximate, ven-
tricose, nearly 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white.

In external characters it approaches^, clypeolarius, but it is at once dis-
tinguished by the length of its spores. Mycelium thread-like.

20 AGARICUS.

Lepiota. Among moss in fir wood. Rare. Oct.

Spores nine-pin-shaped when seen from the back, obliquely clavate from the
side. 15 mk. B. 6^ Br. ; 15-20x4-6, W.P. Name metula, an obelisk.
From the shape of the spores. B. & Br. Ceylon Fungi, Linn. Journ. xi. /.
512. Ann. Nat. Hist. n. 1182. t. i8./. 5 spores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 32,

30. A. cristatus A. & S. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i l / 2 in.) some-
times 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded and umbonate, dry, smooth, but the cuticle separat-
ing into darker granulose squamules on the whitish ground ; flesh
thin, white. Stem 4 cent. (\y z in.) long, 3 mm. (i}4 lin.) rarely
more thick, fistulose, equal, fragile, silky-fibrillose, not scaly,
silvery-white or rufescent. Ring continuous with the universal
scanty veil, hence it appears inferior, at first erect-spreading, then
torn. Gills free, remote, very crowded, at length plane, shining
white.

It does not vary much except in the colour of the squamules on the pileus.
Smaller and firmer than A. clypeolarius, with a strong odour of radish.

In fields, lawns, gardens, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Disc often fuscous-reddish. Spores ellipsoid, 7-8x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-8x2-3
B. Name crista, a tuft, crest. Alb. & Schw. p. 145. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 25.
Hym. Eur. p. 32. Berk. Out. p. 94. /. 3. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 26. Illust. PL
29. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 21. Grev. t. 176. Hussey i. t. 48. Price f. 105.
Krombh. t. 25. f. 26-30. A. subantiquatus Batsch f. 205.

31. A. ermineus Fr. Pileus 5-6 cent. (2-2% in.) broad, white,
slightly fleshy, campanulate then soon flattened, only a little gib-
bous at the prominent, even, deeper-coloured disc, dry, smooth
and becoming even, then silky-fibrillose towards tlie margin j flesh
soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, equal, very fragile, dry, somewhat fibrillose, the mem-
branaceous ring at length torn and fugacious. Gills free, but
reaching the stem, by no means remote, very obtuse at both
ends, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, shining white.

Somewhat gregarious, very fragile, inodorous, with the taste of radish.

In grassy places in woods, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Nov.

Spores pruniform, guttate, granular, 11-12 mk. Q. Name ermine, from
its soft white appearance. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 33. Sv.
Bot. t. 596. / i. B. & Br. n. 1184. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vi.
/. 213. C. Illust. PL 40.

*** Annulosi. Ring superior, fixed, &>c.

32. A. Vittadinii Fr. Pileus whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, covered over with warty, dense, pointed scales. Stem

LEUCOSPORI. 21

solid, stout, cylindrical, with many concentric scaly-squarrose Lepiota.
zones. Ring superior, large. Gills free, ventricose, thick, be-

coming green.

Very handsome, large, robust. Intermediate between Amanita and Lepiota.
In groves. Rare.

Poisonous. Name after Vittadini. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 33. Berk. Out.
p. 94. C. Hbk. ?i. 27. Illust. PI. 36. Hussey i. t. 85. Amanita Vittadini
Morett. Bot. Ital. t. i. Vittad. Avian, t. i. Krombh. t. 27.

33. A. holosericeus Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad,
whitish or clay-white, fleshy, soft, convex then expanded, rather
plane, obtuse, fioccoso-silky^ somewhat fibrillose, becoming even,
fragile, disc by no means gibbous, and wholly of the same colour ;
margin involute when young ; flesh soft, white. Stem 6-10 cent.
(2^- 4 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid, bulbous
and not rooted at the base, soft, fragile, silky-fibrillose, whitish.
Ring superior, membranaceous, large, soft, pendulous, the mar-
gin again ascending. Gills wholly free, broad, ventricose, crowd-
ed, becoming pale-white.

A species well marked from all others. Inodorous.
On soil in flower-beds. Staplehurst, Kent.

Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name oAos, entire, cnjpiKo?, silken. Wholly-
silky. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 34. C. Hbk. n. 28. Illust. PI.
41. Saund. & Sm. t. 23. f. i.

34. A. naucinus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i> in.) broad, white,
the disc of the same colour, fleshy, soft, gibbous or obtusely um-
bonate when flattened, even, the thin cuticle splitting up into gran-
ules. Stem 4-7.5 cent (iX~3 in-) long", stuffed, at length somewhat
hollow, but without a definite tube, attenuated upwards from the
thickened base, fibrillose, unspotted, white. Ring superior,
tender, but persistent, adhering to the stem, at length reflexed.
Gills free, approximate, crowded, ventricose, soft, white.

There is a prominent collar, as in the Clypeolarii, embracing the stem. Stat-
ure and appearance of A. excoriatus, but commonly smaller, the superior ring
adfixed, &c. A. leucothites Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 40 with reddening gills
seems a variety of this.

In fields. Rare.

Sometimes delicate tan, the gills assuming a dirty-pink hue. The large
white spores are very characteristic. It may be confounded very easily with
A. cretaceus, M.J.B. Edible; taste mild, pleasant. Name naucum (or
nucinus, mix], a nut-shell. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 34. Berk.
Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 29. Illust. PI. 15. Vent. t. 48. /. 6. A. sphsero-
sporus Krombh. t. 24. f. 20-23.

22 AGARICUS.

Lepiota. 35. A. cepaestipes Sow. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, when

campanulate often higher, white or yellow, rarely becoming fus-
cous, somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy only at the disc,
at the first obtusely conical then hood-shaped, soon campanulate,
umbonate, clothed with delicate, plumose, separating flood. Stem
at first short, then elongated, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, about
6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the base, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.)
at the apex, fistulose, at the first stuffed with spider-web threads,
attenuated from the bulbous base, clothed withflocci which may be
rubbed off. Ring separating-free, fugacious. Gills free, attenuated
at both ends, at length remote (but distinct without a cartilagin-
ous collar), very crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white.

Commonly in a dense band. The flocci on the pileus are the remains of the
universal floccose veil. Substance very soft and delicate. From the entire
nature and covering of the pileus, it is like a Coprinus drying up. According
to Sowerby bright sulphur-yellow. '

On tan and leaves in hothouses. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept.

Fine specimens of the white form, exactly according with Bulliard's A. creta-
ceus have been gathered, B. & Br. Spores 8x4 mk. W. G.S. ; var. cretaceus,
5x7 mk. W.P. Name cepa, onion, stipes, stem. Sow. t. 2. Fr. Mono-
gr. i. p. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 35. Berk. Out. p. 95. B. & Br. n. 1500*.
C. Hbk. n. 30. Illust. PL 5. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 22. Var. A. A. creta-
ceus Bull. t. 374. Grev. t. 333. Fl. Dan. t. 1798 (diminutive). Var. B. A.
luteus (Bolt. t. 50?) Wither, iv. p. 233. A. rlos sulphuris Schnitx. ap. Sturm
31. t. i.

36. A. licmophorus B. Br. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
lemon-yellow, membranaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcate
up to the central disc, margin crenate. Stem 9 cent. (3^ in.)
long, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick
in the centre, lemon-yellow, tomentose at the base; ring about
half-way up. Gills remote, slightly arched, distant, interstices
veined, shining white.

Occasionally in our hothouses, never in the open air.

On the ground. Sept.

Spores 12 mk. long, B. & Br. Name Aucju.6?, a winnowing fan, <e'po>, to
bear. From the sulcate pileus. B. & Br. Linn. Soc. Journ. xi. p. 500. n.
1989*.

###* Granulosi. Universal veil sheathing, &^c.

37. A. carcharias Pers. Pileus flesh-coloured, fleshy, convex
then plane, umbonate, granulose. Stem stuffed then hollow,
somewhat bulbous, squamulose, of the same colour as the pileus.
Gills adnexed, shining white.

LEUCOSPORI. 23

In grassy pine wood. Frequent. Sept. Lepiota.

Taste bitter according to Persoon, nauseous according to Fries. Spores
sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 3-4 or 4x3 mk. K. ; 2-4x2-3 mk. B. Name
/capxapia?, dog-fish or shark, sharp-toothed. Probably from the skin. Pers.
Syn. p. 263. Ic. pict. t. 5. f. 1-3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 23. C. II lust. PI. 42. Brign. Neap. t. zj.f. 4. A. ramentaceus Krombh.
t. 25. f. 21-25. Var. alba. A. cristatus Hartz. t. 44. f. 2.

38. A. cinnabarinus A. & S. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
persistently cinnabar-colour, fleshy, soon flattened, obtuse, granu-
loso-furfuraceous, fimbriate at the margin ; flesh pallid. Stem
stuffed, somewhat bulbous, red-scaly below the inferior ring.
Gills free, lanceolate, white.

Taste mild.

In fir wood. Rare. New Pitsligo, 1873. Sept.

Easily identified by its beautiful shape and splendid colour. Name cin-
nabaris, dragon's blood. From the colour. A. granulosus var. cinnabarinus
Alb. 6^ Schw. p. 147. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. Monogr. i. /. 29. B. & Br. n.
1402. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 24.

*A. Terreii B. & Br. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - O" 2 m -) broad, bright
tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, roughened with
minute warts. Stem somewhat equal, often cylindrical, adorned
below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as the
pileus. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills remote, nar-
row, white, not branched.

It approaches A. granulosus on one side and A. acutesquamosus on the
other, but is nearer to the latter than the former. The spores of A. granulosus
are slightly larger, those of A. acutesquamosus are rather longer, and at the
same time narrower.

On sandy ground. Forres.

Gills separating from the stem. Taste insipid. Spores 5x4 mk. B. &-' Br. ;
2X3mk. W.G.S. Name after Michael Terry. B. & Br. n. 1183. Saund.
fir" Sm. t. 35. f. 1-5. . Alycol. Scot, under n. 24.

39. A. granulosus Batsch. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ferrugi-
nous or brown-rufous becoming pale-hoary when dry, fleshy, con-
vex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo-granular, here
and there rugoso-plicate ; flesh reddish white. Stem 5 cent. (2
in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed-hollow, somewhat equal,
minutely squamulose. Gills slightly aduexed, white.

Singular among Lepiotce. The covering, which is scaly on the stem as far as
the ring, but granulose on the pileus, represents a universal veil, at the first
wholly continuous. The colour of the stem is more rarely violaceous.

In woods and open grassy places. Very common. July-Nov.

24 AGARICUS.

Lepiota. The stem is of the same colour as the pileus as far as the ring. The wrinkles

on the pileus often radiate beautifully from the centre about half-way across.
Spores 5-6x3 mk. B. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Namegranosus, full of grains.
Covered with small grains. Batsch t. 6.f. 24. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. Monogr.
i. p. 28. Berk. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 31. Illust. PL 18. S. My col. Scot.
n. 25. Hartz. t. 44. f. i.

Var. rufescens, a curious form, quite pure white at first, then partially turn-
ing red, and in drying acquiring everywhere a rufous tint. Bristol. B. & Br.
n. 1834.

40. A. amianthinus Scop. Pileus ochraceous, somewhat fleshy,
convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose ;
flesh yellow. Stem equal, slender, squamulose. Ring fugacious.
Gills adnate, crowded, white then light-yellowish.

Smaller and thinner than A. granulosus, c. , from which it is distinguished
by the adnate gills and yellow flesh especially of the stem.

In woods. Uncommon. Aug;.

Name a/iuavTos, unclefiled. Unspotted. Scop. Cam. ii. p. 434. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 37. Monogr. i. p. 29. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 26. C. Illust. PL
213. A. flavofloccosus Batsch f. 97. A. croceus Bolt. t. 51. f. 2. Sow. t. 19.
A. ochraceus Bull. t. 362, 530. A. muricatus Fl. Dan. t. 1015. A. granulo-
sus var. Alb. & Schw. Grev. t. 104. Hussey i. t. 45. Hartz. t. 4. f. 2.
Krombh. t. i. f. 12. Hoffm. t. 13. f. i.

Var. Broadwoodise B. & Br. Pileus yellow, hemispherical,
delicately tomentose, margin inflexed. Stem equal and as well
as the ring furfuraceous with squamules. Gills adnate, now and
then decurrent, shining white.

A very distinct variety, if not species. B. & Br. Lyne, Sussex. Name-
after Miss S. Broadwood. B. &" Br. n. 1730*.

41. A. polystictus Berk. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, ex-
panded, not at all campanulate, broadly and obtusely umbonate ;
flesh thick in the centre, firm and tough, the epidermis broken
into minute flat scales of a rich red-brown. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
long, 9 mm. (Y& in.) thick in the middle, hollow, stuffed with
cottony threads, attenuated at the base. Gills quite free, unequal,
rounded before and behind, broad, ventricose, crowded, white
with a slight yellowish tinge.

Ring fugacious, attached in minute portions to the edge of the pileus. The
stem is divided into two distinct portions ; the upper one silky of a pinkish hue,
the lower scaly like the pileus, but the scales browner ; furnished with many
branched fibrous roots. Inodorous and insipid.

In grassy places. Uncommon. Autumn.

Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 3x5 mk. VV.P. Name Ti-oAu?, many, CTTDCTO?,
spotted. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 9. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 32. Illust. PL
30. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 27. Sannd. & Sm. t. 23. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eitr. p.

37-

LEUCOSPORI. 25

Mesomorpbi. Smaller, slender, &*c. Lepiota.

42. A. sistratus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.) broad when
flattened, whitish, often darker at the disc, turning light-yellowish
or flesh-colour, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and
obsoletely umbonate, pruinate with shining atoms ; flesh thin,
soft, fragile, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm.
(1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, scarcely stuffed within w r ith lax spider-
web fibrils, equal, silky fibrillose and pruinate, white. Ring fib-
rillose, torn, appendiculate round the margin ofthepileus, very fuga-
cious. Gills free, but reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
broad, white.

Thin, delicate, fragile. Nearest to A. mesomorphus}$\\\\. in natural affinity.

On sandy ground. Forres.

Remarkable for the filamentous ring. B. & Br. Name sistrum, a rattle
used in the rites of Isis. From some fancied resemblance in form. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 37. Icon. t. if./". 3. B. & Br. ?i. 1185. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 28. ' C. Illust. PL 85.

43. A. seminudus Lasch. Pileus whitish or flesh - colour,
slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, umbonate, floccoso-mealy,
at length naked, appendiculate at the margin with the torn veil.
Stem fistulose, thin, mealy. Gills reaching the stem, thin, white.

Very thin, delicate.

In woods. King's Lynn, &c.

Spores 4X 2 mk. B. & Br. Name semi, half, nudus, naked. From the
stem remaining mealy while the pileus becomes naked. Lasch. Linn. n. 17.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 38.' B. & Br. n. 1634, 1836. C. Illust. PL 19. a.

44. A. Bucknalli B. & Br. Pileus nearly 2.5 (i in.) broad,
white, sprinkled with lilac dust, campanulate then convex. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, dilated at the base, sprinkled downwards
with lilac dust. Gills scarcely reaching the margin, white.

Smell strong of gas-tar.

On the ground. Bristol.

Spores 8x3 mk. B. & Br. Name after Cedric Bucknall. B. dr* Br.
n. 1836. C. Illust. PL 19. b.

45. A. mesomorphus Bull. Pileus reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, generally less, becoming yellow or whitish, slightly fleshy,
very thin, campanulate then expanded, naked, dry, even, smooth.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose,
slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, of the same colour as

26 AGARICUS.

Lepiota. the pileus. Ring continuous with the cuticle of the pileus and
stem, at first entire, spreading. Gills free, crowded, ventricose,
white.

On the ground in woods. Hereford, c. Autumn.

The English plant agrees in everything with that of Bulliard, except in the
less persistent ring, which, however, is sometimes attached to the stem, some-
times to the edge of the pileus. B. & Br. Name |u.e'cros, middle, /u.p<H, form.
Intermediate in form. Bull. t. 506. f. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 30. Hym. Eur.
p. 38. B. & Br. n. 1731. C. Illnst. PL 85. B.

B. CUTICLE OF PILEUS VISCOUS, CONTINUOUS.

46. A. medullatus Fr. Pileus 4-6 cent. (1^-2^ in.) broad,
white, varying with the disc grey, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane,
umbonate, even, smooth, viscous, soft ; flesh soft, watery. Stem
about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, the thick
exterior coat easily separable from the interior, distinct, firm, at
length fistulose tube, equal, fragile, dry, silky and squamulose
below the veil, striate at the apex. Ring incomplete, becoming
torn, commonly appendiculate at the margin of the pileus which
hence appears as if tooihed-Jim&riafe, scarcely prominent on the
stem. Gills quite free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded, plane,
shining white.

Odour of radish. Flesh almost that of A. clypeolarius.

In fir wood. Rare. Glamis, 1874. Oct.

Easily distinguished by the internal separable tube of the stem. Name
medulla, pith. From the pith-like centre of the stem. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 32.
Hym. Eur. p. 38. Icon. t. 16. f. 2. B. fir 2 Br. n. 1732. . Mycol. Scot. n. 29.
C. Illust. 44.

47. A. gloiodermus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, or
little more, brownish-red, slightly fleshy, campanulate then con-
vex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, smooth, smeared with thin
gluten; flesh soft, white. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with spider-web threads, equal, dry,
soft, whitish, externally jloccoso- scaly as far as the incomplete
torn ring, naked, however, above it, whitish or rufescent. Gills
free, approximate, ventricose, broad, crowded, shining white, not
spotted.

Like A. delicatus it holds a middle place between mesomorphi and the typical
species of this division (B), for the pileus is viscous, but the stem dry and
clothed with flocci. It resembles A. clypeolarius, but the pileus is always con-
tinuous, smooth, viscous.

LEUCOSPORI.

In thickets. Uncommon. July-Sept. Lepiota.

Name yA.oios, clammy, Sep^a, skin. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p.
39. Icon. t. 15. / i. 'Berk. Out. p. 95. B. & Br. n. 785. C. Hbk. n. 33.
Illust. PI. 1 1 8. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 30.

48. A. delicatus Fr. Pileus i cent. (X in.) broad, rufescent
or becoming- yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, somewhat
umbonate, even, smooth, viscous, in nowise granulose. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick not taking into
account the densely floccoso-scaly and tomentose covering, fistulose,
equal, dry, whitish. Ring entire, membranaceous, dry, densely
floccoso-scaly. Gills free, crowded, thin, ventricose, shining
white.

Very thin and delicate ; stature that of A. mesomorphus, but very sufficiently
distinct from it in the pileus being viscous and the stem clothed with flocci. A.
pallidus, pileus becoming light-yellow or pale rose-colour. B. vaporariorum,
pileus rufescent, ring more floccose and here and there incomplete. Var. B.
approaches A. gloiodertmis.

About old stumps. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867. Sept.

A stout form. Pileus hemispherical, obtuse, rivulose, viscid, smooth, pallid,
2.5 cent, (i in.) across; stem 12 mm. (y z in.) high, 6 mm. (% in.) thick, trans-
versely punctate, squamulose, stuffed with flocci, white above ; veil floccose,
slightly appendiculate ; gills free, rounded behind, approximate, pallid. The
veil is really double, floccose, covered with scaly particles. Taste like that of
Polyporus squamosus. B. & Br. Name delicatus, tender, delicate. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. 15. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1186.
C. Illust. PL 1 1 8.

49. A. illinitus Fr. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, white,
the umbo often becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, smooth, viscous,
soft, at length fragile, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5~7o
cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed when young,
soon hollow, equal, cylindrical, fragile, by no means floccose or
scaly, but besmeared with gluten, slippery. Gills free, at length
remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins, shining
white.

The gluten of the stem is a species of veil, at the first continuous with the
gluten of the pileus, but ruptured when the pileus is expanded, leaving upon
the stem an obsolete not prominent ring, above which the stem is dry. Distin-
guished from all others by the glutinous stem. There is a clay-coloured or
ochraceous variety with the pileus even, and the margin fimbriated.

In woods, &c. Penzance.

Spores sphaeroid or subsphasroid, 4-6 mk. K. Name illino, to smear over;
illitus and illinitus, smeared with gluten. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 32. Hym. Eur.
p. 39. Icon. t. i6./~. i. B. & Br. n. 1990. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 13.

28

AGARICUS.

Lepiota. 50. GeoicgilL& Smith. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (/^-i in.) broad, white,

slightly fleshy, fragile, at first campanulate then expanded, covered
with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity, which, as well as the
white flesh, instantly changes to crimson when touched ; margin
at length striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, slightly attenu-
ated upwards, also covered externally with minute, viscid pruin-
osity, changing to crimson when touched. Ring evanescent.
Gills free, very thin, moderately distant, somewhat ventricose,
white, the edge becoming crimson when touched.

On mosses in a cool fernery. Chelsea.

Spores 7x5 mk. W.G.S. Name after Miss Georgina E. Johnstone.
Smith Seem. Journ. Bot. ix. (1871), p. i. /. 112. Grevillea, i. p. 55. C. Illust.
PL 132.

Armiiiaria.

Subgeiius III. ARMILLARIA (armillci, a ring). Fr. Syst.
Myc. i. p. 26. Hymenophore continuous with the stem ; universal

veil wanting, partial one annular,
sometimes only indicated by the
scales which clothe the stem ter-
minating in the form of a ring. It
brings together species which are
separated from all the following
Lencospori on account of the veil.
On account of the disappearance of
the universal veil the species of the
fourth group of the Amanittz are apt
to be looked for here. Fr. Hyui.
Eur. p. 40.

There are three types ; the first
agreeing in every respect except the

rin S ed stem with the Tricholomata,
the second with the Clitocybae and
the third with the Collybiae. Most of the species grow on the
ground and are rare. Their qualities are doubtful.

Tricholomata subannulata. Gills sinuato-adnexed, stem fleshy, similar in
substance to the pileus.

* Clitocybre annulatae. Gills attenuated behind, more or less decurrent
"without a sinus, stem solid.

*** Collybioe annulatas. Gills equal behind, stem externally somewhat car-
tilaginous.

* Tricholomata subannulata. Gills sinuato-adnexed, &>c.
51. A. bulbiger A. & S. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,

LEUCOSPORI. 29

pale-yellowish-brick coloztr, paler at the margin, fleshy, not com- Armillaria.

pact, convexo-flattened, obtuse, moist, smooth in itself, but here

and there, and chiefly round the margin, squamuloso-fibrillose

from the fragments of the veil, then naked ; flesh whitish, soft,

thin at the margin, wherefore the pileus is not broken into squam-

ules. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 12 mm. (^ in.)

thick, stuffed, rarely hollow, cylindrical, but terminated at the base

by a globose marginate bulb ; the external cuticle pale, separable,

at length marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils ; texture

longitudinally fibrous, but stuffed in the centre with a softer pith ;

externally and internally becoming pale white ; the veil forms a

cortina ending in a ring on the stem, adhering loosely, oblique,

fugacious, white. Gills broadly emarginate somewhat crowded,

at length distant, broad, becoming pale white, at length almost

of the same colour as the pileus.

A very singular fungus, of a peculiar type, resembling in stature the turbin-
ate or marginato-bulbous Cortinarii, but by no means allied to these. The
form of the bulb is singular and constant, somewhat globose, depresso-con-
cave above, with an annular margin. Odour and taste none.

In pine woods, &c. Hereford, 1875, &c. Oct.

-

Spores ovoid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 7-10x4-5 mk. K. ; 5x7 mk. W.P.
Name bulbus, a bulb, gero, to carry. Alb. & Schw. Consp. p. 150. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 35. Hym. Eur. p. 40. Icon. t. 26. /. 2. B. & Br. >i. 1501.
C. Ill ust. PI. 20. 5. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1855, /. 20. Klotsch. Fl.
Bar. t. 373.

52. A. focalis Fr. Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, fleshy,
moderately compact at the disc, convex then flattened, obtuse,
dry, slightly shining; cuticle brick-tawny, become even, but silky -
fibrillose; flesh soft, 12 mm. (^ in.) thick at the disc, slightly
tawny-pallid. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent,
(i in.) thick, fleshy-solid, wholly fibrous within, elastic, eqttal, by
no means bulbous, externally torn into fibrils, the medial ring
oblique. Gills emarginato-free, crowded, narrow compared with
the pileus, white, at length becoming pale.

On account of the flesh being soft like that of A. bulbiger the pileus is not
broken into squamules. Variable.

On bare ground under old laurel-trees. Coed Coch.

Namefocate, a neckcloth. From the neckcloth-like ring. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 40. B. & Br. n. 1837. C. Illust. PL 245.

Var. Goliath Fr. Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, peculiarly
fleshy, very much thinned out towards the ma+gin, convexo-
flattened, at length gibbous, revolute at the margin, moist, not

30 AGARICUS.

Armiiiaria. viscous, even and bay-brown-rufescent at the disc, towards the
margin torn into fibres, paler, and, when the cuticle is torn, be-
coming white ; flesh spongy-soft, elastic, white. Stem 20 cent.
(8 in.) and more long", 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, fibrous-solid, com-
monly decumbent on account of the weight of the pileus, equal
or attenuato-rooted at the base, externally and internally white,
but becoming tawny and with tawny fibrils downwards. Ring
medial, fugacious, often completely obliterated. Gills rounded-
free, very broad, 12 mm. (% in.) and more, very ventricose, rather
thick, crowded, white.

The cuticle of the pileus and of the stem torn into fibrils, separable. In
woods. Fr. Monogr. p. 37. C. Illust. PL 31.

53. A. robustus A. & S. Pileus bay-brown-rufescent, very
fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, typically smooth, but
scaly-fibrillose towards the margin ; flesh hard, 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick. Stem 2. 5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) rarely more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.)
and more thick, solid, compact, attenuated at the base, fibrillose
below the inferior, large, floccose, somewhat persistent ring, white-
rufescent, white, however, and flocculose at the apex. Gills broad-
ly emarginate, almost free, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, crowded,
whitish.

The stem is clothed up to the ring with the remains of a true though not a
very conspicuous veil. The flesh of the stem is diffused into the pileus, as is
usual when the pileus is continuous with the stem. Various in size and stat-
ure. It can be distinguished at first sight from A. focalis, &c. , by the substance
of the entire plant being compact and hard, and by the stem being obese, ven-
tricose, and attenuated downwards. The genuine form majorlias a large ring,
with the pileus often broken up into scales, and very broad gills. The form
minor has an even pileus, with both ring and gills very narrow. Krombh. t.
25. / 15-20.

In woods. Rare. Autumn.

Taste and smell exactly that of Polyporus squamosus. B. & Br. Spores
ovoid-sphserical, 7 mk. Q. Name robustus, stout, sturdy. Alb. 6" Schw.
Consp. p. 147. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 37. Hy?n. Eiir. p. 41. B. & Br. n. 1502.
C. Illust. PL 33 (A. aurantius in error), 86, var. minor.

54. A. ramentaceus Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
pallid, whitish, becoming yellow or rufescent, the scales and
punctate disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse or gib-
bous, at length depressed and revolute, dry, the cuticle torn into
adpressedfioccose scales; flesh somewhat compact, 12 mm. (y 2 in.)
thick, white. Stem 2.5-5 ( I-2 i n -) l n to rarely more, about 12
mm. ( l / 2 in.) thick, solid, firm, unequal, often thickened at the base,
white, but variegated with adpressed fuscous squanmles below the

LEUCOSPORI. 31

ring. Gills emarginato-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 Armiiiaria.
lin.) broad, thin, at first crowded, at length somewhat distant,
whitish, changing colour, commonly becoming yellow.

The veil, clothing the stem above the middle, terminates in a narrow, floc-
coso-woven, at length oblique and separating ring, above which the stem is
pruinose. Besides the ring, scaly stem, paler pileus, &c., it is easily distin-
guished from A. terreus by the colour passing into light yellow. Odour un-
pleasant.

On the ground. Uncommon.

Name ramenta, shavings, scales. Bull. t. 595. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 40.
Hym. Eur. p. 42. Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. n. 35. Illust. PL 71.

55. A. haematites B. & Br. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, liver-colour, hemispherical, dry, slightly hispid. Stem

5 cent. (2 in.) long, of the same colour as the pileus, solid, thick-
ened downwards, 6 mm. (% in.) thick at the base. Ring spongy,
scaly beneath. Gills shortly decurrent.

Like A. subcavus it is analogous to Lepiotcz.

Among fir-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Nov.

Pileus red-liver colour, at first hemispherical then somewhat flattened. Gills
rather broad, scarcely crowded. A very striking and beautiful species. Name
ai/aariTTj?, blood-like. Haematite, blood-stone, a kind of red-iron-ore. B.

6 Br. n. 1635. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 35. C. Illust. PL 45.

56. A. constrictus Fr. White. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
fleshy, flesh not thick but compact, convex then plane, obtuse,
dry, smooth in itself, but when young covered over with a thin,
silky, separating veil, but never torn into scales; margin involute
and villous when young. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or less long, about 8
mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous, equal or thickened at the
^AS^jibrillose or squamulose. Ring, which is near the apex of
the stem, narrow, at length falling off, or adhering obliquely.
Gills emarginate or rounded, sometimes adnexed, sometimes
wholly free, very crowded and narrow, unequal.

Pileus becoming pale or fuscous with age. Firm, with odour of new meal.
Not allied to any neighbouring species.

In pastures bleached by dung, c. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

Assuming a very pale -yellow tint when bruised. M.J.B. Name con-
strictus, compact. Fr. Alonogr. \. p. 39. Hym. Eur. p. 42. Icon. t. i8./. i.
Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. n. 34. Illust. PL 46. Batt. t. 7. /. B.

** Clitocybce annulatas. Gills attenuated behind,

57. A. melleus Fl. Dan. Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad,
often fuliginous when young, wrapped round with olivaceous

32 AGARICUS.

Armillaria. down, soon becoming pale, striate at the margin, everywhere beset
with fuscous-blackish, sometimes paler hairy squainules, fleshy at
the disc, continuous with the stem, otherwise thin, convex then
flattened, and at length depressed in the centre. Stem stuffed
then hollow, elastic, externally rigid and sulcate, internally spongy,
floccose or rather naked below the ring, often light-yellow villous
at the base. Ring nearly apical, silky, swollen at the circumfer-
ence, sometimes however more scanty, in the form of a cortina,
disappearing. Gills at first adnate, then decurrent with a tooth,
somewhat distant, pallid, commonly whitish flesh-colour, at length
rufescent, and white-mealy witJi the abundant spores.

Clay-colour in rainy weather ; in dry weather pale but opaquely ochraceous

or honey-colour. Stem becoming pale, when old often passing into fuligi-

nous or olivaceous. Very variable in its dimensions. The more remarkable

varieties are : (a) stem stout, very bulbous Kalchbr ; (b) Gills sulphur-coloured

Weinm ; (c) Colour tawny Gonn. 6- Rab. iv. t . 3 ; (d) Colour becoming fuscous.

On and near stumps. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Solitary, gregarious or densely caespitose. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 9x6
mk. K.; lox 8 mk. B.; 9 x 5-6 mk. W.G.S. Edible but very tough. Frequently
eaten in Europe. Persoon condemns it, and Greville quotes an instance in
which Paulet tried its effect upon a dog, with a fatal result after twelve hours.
Name mel, honey. Honey-coloured. Fl. Dan. t. 1013. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
44. Hym. Eur. p. 44. Berk. Out. p. 96. /. 4. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 36. Illust.
PI. 32. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 33. Grev. t. 332. Price t. 16, 32. Badh. i. t.
16. f. 3. ii. t. q.'f. 3. Krombh. t. 43. f. 2-6. Viltad. Fung. mang. t. 3. Vivian
t. 51. Fr.dtl. Sv. t. 36. Hoffm. Ic. t. 21. f. i. A. obscurus Schceff. t. 74.
A. annularius Bull. t. 377, 540. /. 3. A. stipitis Sow. t. 101. A. mutabilis Fl.
Bat. t. 824. A. laricinus Bolt. t. 19. ? A. millus Sow. t. 184. ?

58. A. subcavus Schum. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white,
umbo umber, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane, viscous,
striate to the middle, the slightly fleshy disc umbonate. Stem 9
cent. (3^ in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fistulose upwards, equal,
slightly dotted, even above the inferior and torn ring, white. Gills
plane, decurrent, white.

Slender. More allied to the glutinous Lepiotce than to neighbouring species,
but the gills are figured as decurrent.

On the ground. Cirencester, 1873. Nov.

Name sub, and cavus, hollow. From the partially hollow stem. Schum.
Fl. Dan. t. 1843. ^ r - Hym. Eur. p. 46. Monogr. i. /. 45. B. & Br. n.
1403, entirely white.

*** Collybias annulatae. Gills equal behind,

59. A. mucidus Schrad. Pileus commonly shining white,
thin, almost diaphanous, hemispherical then expanded, obtuse,

LEUCOSPORI.

33

more or less radiato-wrinkled, smeared over with a thick tenacious Armillaria.
gluten; margin striate when thinner. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.)
long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick at the apex, thickened at the base, 8
mm. (4 lin.), stuffed, thin, rigid, curved-ascending, smooth, white,
but fuliginous-scaly at the base when most perfectly developed.
Ring inserted at the apex of the stem, dent downwards and ghied
close to the stem, silicate; the white border again erect, with a
swollen and entire margi?i which sometimes becomes fuscous.
Gills rounded behind, obtuse, adhering to the stem and striato-
decurrent, distant, broad, lax, mucid, always shining w r hite.

Very variable in stature, from 2.5 cent, (i in.) (when of this size the stem is
almost equal) to as much as 15 cent. (6 in. ) broad. The colour of the pileus
varies grey, fuliginous, olivaceous. The gills sometimes become yellow, but
only from disease. Sometimes solitary, sometimes a few are joined in a cees-
pitose manner at the base.

On beech. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Very beautiful, of an exquisite pellucid white. Tough and very sticky.
Spores 14x17 mk. IV.G.S. Name mucus, slime. Schrad. Spic. p. 116.
Fr. Monogr. \. p. 46. Hym. E^^r. p. 46. Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. n. 37.
Illust. PL 16. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 34. Saund. & Sm. t. 5. Quel. t. 2.f. i.
Price t. 14 f. 91. Paul t. 139, bis. A. nitidus Fl. Dan. t. 773. Trait.
Aiistr. t. 27. A. splendens Fl. Dan. t. 1130. Hartz. t. 35. Var. with oliva-
ceous fuscous pileus=A. olivaceo-fuscus Fl. Dan. t. 1372.

Subgenus IV. TRICHOLOMA (0pi|, a hair,

a fringe). Tricholoma.

Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 36. Veil obsolete or only consisting of flocci
or fibrils which adhere to the margin
of the pileus. Stem fleshy, not fur-
nished with a bark. Hymenophore
continuous with the stem, gills sin-
'uate behind. All growing on the
ground, fleshy, never obconic or truly
umbilicate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 47.

The sinuate gills distinguish this
from all the other white-spored sub-
genera. None are known to be truly
poisonous. A few, such as A. sapo-
naceus, are suspicious.

Series A. Pileus viscous, fibrillose, scaly
or pubescent, and not watery-moist or be-
coming even. Flesh not absorbing moisture
nor hygrophanous. Stem fibrillose, as is also
the universal veil, which is adnate (and scarcely distinctly conspicuous).

C

V. Agaricus ( Tricholoma) sapona-
ceus. One-third natural size.

34 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. I. Limacina (Umax, a snail, slimy). Pellicle of the pileus viscous when
damp, innately fibrillose or squamulose, but not becoming torn. Pileus truly
and firmly fleshy, not hygrophanous, somewhat naked at the margin.

* Gills not changing colour, nor at length rufescent.

** Gills changing colour, commonly with reddish spots.

II. Genuina. Pellicle of the. pileus never (with one exception) viscous (not
even moist by reason of the down upon it which absorbs the damp), but torn
into somewhat scaly fiocci or fibrils. Pileus with soft flesh, not hygrophanous,
the margin involute and somewhat tomentose at first. Species which have the
pileus fibrillose only from the veil must not be confounded with this section.
Odour not unpleasant or none.

* Gills not changing colour, nor marked with rufous or black spots.

** Gills rufescent or becoming cinereous, the edge commonly at length marked
with rufous or black spots.

III. Rigida (rigeo, to be stiff). Pellicle of the pileus rigid, punctato-granu-
late, or broken up when dry i?ito smooth squamules, not viscous, floccoso-scaly
or torn into fibrils. Pileus rigid, in stout species hard, somewhat cartilaginous,
in the thinner ones very fragile, the margin (except that of A. macrorhizus
Lasch.) naked. Young specimens occur which are fibrillose, but from the veil,
and not from the laceration of the cuticle, as also other young and small ones
which are not broken up. Odour in the majority of species unpleasant.

" Gills white or becoming pale, not rufescent, or becoming cinereous, nor
spotted.

** Gills changing colour, rzifescent or becoming cinereo^ls or spotted.

IV. Sericella (sericeus, silky). Pileus (without a distinct pellicle) at the first
slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, very dry, neither moist, nor viscid, nor
hygrophanous, nor distinctly scaly. Pileus somewhat thin, opaque, absorbing
moisture, but the flesh of the same colour as the gills and not hygrophanous ;
stem in all the species fleshy-fibrous whereby the smaller ones are distinguished
from Collybice which they resemble in appearance. A remarkable group,
whereof the species must not be confounded with others (as they are liable to
be) on account of the pileus having often become even, as if smooth.

* Gills broad, rather thick, somewhat distant. Strong-scented.
** Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small and inodorous.

Series B. Pileus even, smooth, neither villous nor scaly, nor viscous, but
moist in rainy weather, in the earliest stage (but rarely conspicuously) pru-
inose from the universal veil. Flesh soft, spongy, or very thin, watery and
hygrophanous.

V. Guttata (gtitta, a drop) or Prunuloidea (diminutive of prunum, a plum).
Pileus fieshy, soft, fragile, spotted as if by drops or rivulose, stem solid. Vernal,
occasionally but rarely met with a second time in autumn. Growing in troops
or casspitose (often forming rings). Fragrant especially when dried, anciently
reckoned among the most savoury.

* Gills whitish.

** Gills changing colour, rufescent or fuliginous.

VI. Spongiosa (spongia, a sponge). Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even,
smooth, moist and not hygrophanous. Firm, appearing late in the year, grow-
ing in troops. Stem stout, commonly thickened at the base, fibroso-spongy.
Pileus absorbing damp, fleshy quite to the margin. Gills at length spuriously
(but sinuately) decurrent, so that old specimens may be easily mistaken for
Clitocybce.

* Gills not changing colour.
** Gills changing colour.

LEUCOSPORI. 35

VII. Hygrophana (v-ypos, wet, <cuVu>, to appear). Pileus thin, somewhat Tricholoma.
umbonate, moist, and, as well as the flesh which is at length soft, hygrophanous.
Stem rootless, containing a pith, the whole fissile into fibres. Pileus unequally
fleshy, hence more or less umbonate, very thin towards the margin. The
colour of the pileus as of itself it becomes pale, as well as from its being
hygrophanous, is very changeable in each individual species. Flesh moist,
watery, at first compact, then soft, not exceeding in depth the width of the
thin gills. The pileus is occasionally pulverulent, which is an abnormal varia-
tion arising from the persistence of the veil in dry weather.

* Gills whitish without spots.

** Gills violaceous, grey, fuliginous.

SERIES A.
I. LlMACINA.

* Gills not changing colour,

60. A. equestris Linn. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
pale yellowish, or brick-rufescent, disc and squamules darker
becoming fuscous, compactly fleshy, unequal, convex then plane,
very obtuse, flexuoso-repand ; squamules innate, but the pileus of
itself entire (not torn), smooth, viscous, the margin, which is bent
inwards when young, naked ; flesh thick, whitish. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long and thick, here and there elongated, remarkably
fleshy, solid, hard, squamulose, sulphur-yellow, internally white.
Gills emarginate or rounded, scarcely adnexed, broad, somewhat
ventricose, crowded, sulphur-yellow.

Stature commonly obese, robust. The colour of the pileus becomes green in
later autumn. Odour none, taste pleasant. There are many sufficiently well-
marked varieties: Var. pinastreti Alb. & Schw. differs in its stem being 7. 5
cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, fibrillose, sulphur-yellow or whitish, in
its thin pileus being even, more regular, tan-colour, becoming fuscous-squamu-
lose, with watery flesh, and in its gills being narrower.

In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 6-8 x 4 mk. K.; 5x4 mk. W. G.S. Name
eques, a knight. From its handsome appearance compared with others in the
same group. "A knight among the common people." Linn. Suec. n. 1219.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 50. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Berk. Out. p. 97. t. 4. f. 2 (a smaller
darker form). C. Hbk. n. 38. Illust. PI. 72. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 36.
Gonn. & Rab. t. 13. /. i. Brig. Neap. t. 6. A. aureus Schceff. t. 41. A.
flavovirens Pers. Krombh. 68. f. 18-21. Hartz. t. 22.

61. A. sejunctus Sow. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
fine light yellow, streaked-fuscous with innate fibrils, fleshy, con-
vex then expanded, gibbous, the umbo at length vanishing, viscid
in wet weather ; flesh thin, fragile, shining white. Stem solid,
stout, ventricose, then elongated, as much as 12.5 cent. (5 in.)
long, and as thick as the finger, even, smooth, shining white,

36 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. delicately squamulose at the apex. Gills emarginate, broad, some-
what distant, shining white.

Odour almost that of new meal ; taste bitterish. Differing widely from A.
equestris, &c., in the flesh being fragile. With this there is commonly con-
founded a fungus almost of the same colour, but mild, with longer striate stem,
and with tan-coloured, black-streaked pileus, 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad,
which is perhaps a form of A. portentosiis disguised by difference of colour.

In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Autumn.

Pileus dirty yellow or nearly white ; gills whitish and thickest near the stem,
somewhat flattened as it were by separating from it in a peculiar manner, and
partly adhering to each other. Sow. Spores 6 mk. IV.G.S. Name
sejunctus, separated. From the peculiar manner in which the gills separate
from the stem. Sow. t. 126. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Icon,
t. 23. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. n. 39. Illust. PI. 53. S. My col. Scot,
n. 37.

62. A. portentosus Fr. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
fuliginous, livid, sometimes violaceous, fleshy, but thin in com-
parison with the stoutness of the stem, convexo-plane, somewhat
umbonate, unequal and repand, viscid, streaked with black lines
(innate fibrils), but otherwise even and smooth, the very thin
margin naked ; flesh not compact, white, fragile. Stem com-
monly 7.5 cent. (3 in.), often 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent,
(i in.) thick, stout, solid, the whole remarkably fibrous-fleshy,
somewhat equal, naked, but fibrilloso-striate, white ; the base,
which is occasionally attenuato-rooted, villous. Gills rounded,
almost free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) to as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, distant, white, but varying, becoming pale-grey or yellow.

Solitary or gregarious, even csespitose ; inodorous, taste mild. Sometimes
on naked sandy ground a smaller form occurs with a somewhat bulbous stem.

A beautiful variety with sulphur-yellow pileus and fuliginous disc : Saund.
dr 5 Sm. t. 32.

In fir woods, and among dead leaves. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K. ; 5x4 mk. W.G.S.
Name portentosus, strange, monstrous. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 52. Hym. Eur.
p. 48. Icon. t. 24. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. n. 40. Illust. PI. 54.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 38. A. fumosus Harz. t. 73.

63. A. fucatus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rarely
more 10, 12.5 cent. (4, 5 in.), becoming lurid-yellow, or cinereous-
light-yellow, variegated with tiger-spots, the disc darker, fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, often irregular, viscid, but readily dry and
opaque, even, smooth and not streaked vi\\h. innate fibrils; margin
thin, naked, scarcely inflexed ; flesh thin, pallid, at length fragile.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick, stuffed,
soft, ascending or straight, somewhat equal, externally at first

LEUCOSPORI. 37

minutely and densely squamulose, then remarkably fibrillose, THcholoma.
variegated with fibrils winch are at length blackish, white and
delicately white pruinose at the apex, otherwise becoming pale-
white and at length fragile. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm.
(3-5 lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, fragile, whitish.

Trama hyaline, almost of the same colour as the flesh of the pileus. A most
distinguished species, not rightly allied to any ; polymorphous, and hence it
has been confounded alike with A. portentosus, from which it is most dis-
tinct, and with A. quinquepartitus.

In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Oct.-Nov.

Spores ovoid, punctate, 5 mk. Q. Name-^/tf<r0, to dye, stained. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 24. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 97.
C. Hbk. n. 41. lllust. PL 73. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 39.

64. A. quinquepartitus Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more
broad, pallid light-yellow, fleshy, thin at the circumference, con-
vex then flattened, repand, even, smooth, by no means streaked,
viscid, fragile ; flesh, with exception of the disc, thin, fragile,
white and somewhat hygrophanous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
long, commonly attenuated from the base to the apex, 12 mm.
(*/2 in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy, striate, smooth, white. Gills
emarginate, not crowded, 12 mm. (% in.) broad, white.

Odour none, taste mild. Repand forms of A. portentosus and A. fucatus
have been confounded with this ; it is readily distinguished from the former
by the pileus being by no means streaked, and from the latter by the smooth
striate stem.

Among pine-leaves. Very rare.

Name quinquepartitus, with five-fold division. The name has no sig-
nification in regard to the plant. It was given by Linnaeus to a species which
cannot now be identified, and was adopted by Fries for this one, because it
was found near the residence of Linnaeus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 54. Hym.
Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 25. C. lllust. PI. 74.

65. A. resplendens Fr. Wholly shining white. Pileus 5-10
cent. (2-4 in.) broad, wholly and equally fleshy, but not compact,
at first convex, at length flattened, obtuse, when fresh quite even,
smooth, viscous ; when dry beautifully s\\\ery-skmi?2g, often with
hyaline spots ; the disc becoming yellow, and the surface appear-
ing adpressedly silky, although it is smooth ; jnargin straight.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (y^ in.) and more thick,
solid, wholly fleshy and stout, sometimes equal,', sometimes bul-
bous, even, smooth or slightly flocculose only at the apex, dry,
occasionally curved. Gills almost free when young, then remark-
ably emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather thick, but thin at the
edge, quite entire, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, equally attenuated in
front.

38 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Gregarious ; odour pleasant ; taste mild. Habit in a measure that of Hy-
grophonts eburneus. Doubtless edible.

In woods, beech, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Name resplendens, shining brightly. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 55. Hym. Eiir.
p. 49. Icon. t. 29. f. i. B. & Br, n. 1337. S. My col, Scot. n. 40. C.
Illust. PL 55.

66. A. spermaticus Fr. White. Pileus somewhat fleshy,
convex then flattened, obtuse, repand, smooth, viscous (shining
when dry), margin at first bent inwards, naked. Stem stuffed
then hollow, elongated, twisted, even. Gills emarginate, some-
what distant, eroded.

Like A. Columbetta, but of a stinking odour, always unspotted.
In woods. Coed Coch. Oct.

Pileus several inches across. M.J.B. Poisonous. Name a-nep^a, semen.
Of the odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 42.
Illust. PL 87. Paul. t. 45.

Gills changing colour,

67. A. colossus Fr. Pileus brick-colour, date-brown at the
sides, when young in the form of a tuber, the margin very closely
bent inwards-involute, embracing the constricted part of the stem ;
then hemispherical, the still closely inflexed margin whitish, even
and smooth at length unfolded, plano-convex and depressed,
always very obtuse, repand, 20 cent. (8 in.) and more, broken up
into scales, slightly viscid round the margin in wet weather;
flesh dry, very hard, remarkably fibrous, 5 cent. (2 in.) thick,
everywhere turning to a flesh-brick-red colour when broken. Stem
solid, flesh the same throughout and very compact, 7.5-10 cent.
(3-4 in.} long and the ovato-bulbous base equally thick, but very
much constricted at the apex, where it is only 5 cent. (2 in.) thick,
definitely two-coloured; the bulbous part smooth in itself but
torn into fibres, brick-tawny ; the constricted part, which is at
the first enclosed by the closely involute pileus, floccose and
shining white. Gills rounded-free, at first narrow and crowded,
white, then broader, more distant, entire, at length 12 mm. ()4 in.)
broad, fragile, torn, pallid brick-red.

When young the tuber-like pileus rests upon a bulb like Cortinarii of sec-
tion Scaziri, and emerges from the ground covered over with soil and pine-
leaves. At first the stem appears as a deformed tuber, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
broad, depressed, bearing the pileus obliquely. On account of the stem being
oblique, the gills are emarginate-decurrent on its outer side. Odour none.
The largest and hardest of all Agarics hitherto found.

LEUCOSPORI.

39

Under Scotch firs and elm. Near Taunton. Oct. Tricholoma.

Var. Pileus about 10 cent. (4 in.) across, irregularly lobed and undulated,
minutely scaly, grey: stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) high, thicker upward, buff,
yellow at the base ; gills rather wide, pallid. Smell strong, like that of cheese.
B. & Br. Spores 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name /coAoo-o-o?, a gigantic statue.
Fr. Monogr. p. 47. Hym. Eur. p. 50. Icon. t. 21, 22. C. Hbk. n. 61.
Illust. PL 75. B. & Br. n. 1190, var.

68. A. nictitans Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
becoming yellow, disc darker, fleshy, but thin, convex then flat-
tened, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid ; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, fleshy, equal or atten-
uated upwards, truncate at the base, dry, squamulose at the apex,
pallid light-yellow. Gills rounded-adnexed, crowded, rather broad,
somewhat ventricose, and without a decurrent tooth, light-yellow,
when old here and there with rufescent spots.

Inodorous, mild. Distinguished from A. flavobrunneus by the stem not
being viscous and not attenuated but rather thickened at the base, blunt, be-
coming yellow, by the pileus being moderately thin, not streaked, and by the
gills being at first rounded-free without a decurrent tooth, and at length (when
the pileus is depressed) only obtusely adnexed to the stem.

In woods. Rare. Sept.

Spores 9x6 mk. W.G.S. Name nictitans, winking. Meaning not
apparent. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 56. Hym. Eur. p. 50. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk.
11. 43. Illust. PI. 56. Hussey, ii. t. 46. Bull. t. 574. /I i.

* A. fulvellus Fr. Pileus pale -yellowish -rufescent or tan
colour, fleshy, convex, plane, viscous, even, the darker disc dotted-
wrinkled. Stem stuffed then hollow, fibrillose, whitish-rufescent,
naked at the apex. Gills rounded then emarginate, crowded,
white, rufescent.

Sometimes very small, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.). Inodorous. Subjoined to
A. nictitans on the authority of Bulliard ; it seems nearer to A. flavobrunneus,
to which it is very similar in habit, and to A. ustalis, although very different
in appearance.

In woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.

Spores 4 mk. W.G.S. Name diminutive ol fulvus, tawny. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 50. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 44. Illust. PL 57. A. fulvus
Bull. t. 555.7. 2.

69. A. flavobrunneus Fr. Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad,
rufous-tawny with a darker disc or altogether reddish -brown,
fleshy, conico- convex then flattened, broadly gibbous, viscous,
streaked with fibrils or innately squamulose (not torn) ; flesh
moderately compact, white, but that of the stem either wholly
or at least at the circumference sulphur-yellow. Stem 7.5-12.5

40 AGARICUS.

THcholoma. cent. (3-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick, rufescent or becoming
fuscous, hollow, commonly ventricose (attenuated at both ends),
equal only when smaller, rufous-fibril lose, at the first viscid, and
naked at the apex. Gills emarginate and at the same time re-
markably decurrent with a tooth, crowded, light-yellow, spotted-
rufous when touched or with age.

Odour of new meal, strong, rancid. Commonly growing in troops, and often
caespitose. Sometimes the. gills vary in colour pallid, nay whitish ; such forms
are often confounded with A. albobrunneus. Among varieties there is one to
be separately noted, thinner, with the pileus and the equal stem thin, the paler
pileus even and wrinkled-dotted only at the disc, and the gills whitish.

In deciduous woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Fries notes that it is commonly found in birch woods. Name flavus, light-
yellow, brunneiis, brown. From the brown pileus and yellow gills. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 56. Hym. Eur. p. 51. Icon. t. 27. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n.
45. Illust. PL 58. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 41. Letell. t. 707.

70. A. albobrunneus Pers. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
beautiful brown, fleshy, but compact only at the disc, campanulate
then hemispherical, viscid, becoming even, but remarkably streaked
with innate fibrils, the thin margin, which is at first incurved,
often wrinkled-crenate ; flesh scissile, shining white. Stem 4-5
cent. (i%-2 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX i n> ) thick, solid, becoming
hollow only when old, firm, equal, at first sight smooth, when more
closely examined the surface fibrillose-evened, dry (not viscous),
rufescent, constantly white, however, at both ends and chiefly at
the apex where it is white mealy ; flesh compact, shining white.
Gills rounded-emarginate, not decurrent, scarcely crowded, very
broad, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more, firm, at first shining white, soon,
however, becoming pale or rufescent.

The pileus varies date-brown and umber. Very remarkable, scarcely allied
to A. Jlavobrunneus. Odour none ; taste mild.

In woods. Frequent. Sept. -Nov.

Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name albus, white ; brunneus, brown. From
the brown pileus and white gills. Pers. Syn. p. 293. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 57.
Hym. Eur. p. 51. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 47. Illust. PL 197. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 42. Viviani t. 32. Barl. t. 12. A. striatus Schceff. t. 38.
A. compactus Sow. t. 416.

71. A. ustalis Fr. Pileus bay-brown-rufous, fleshy, not com-
pact, hemispherico-expanded, at first umbonate, soon plane and
obtuse, even, smooth, not streaked, slightly wrinkled-dotted only
at the disc ; flesh white, becoming red here and there when broken.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed
then hollow, equal, somewhat rooted, dry, fibrillose, whitish or

LEUCOSPORI. 41

rufescent, becoming silky-even and more whitish but not mealy at Tricholoma.
the apex. Gills emarginate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded,
rather broad, white, at length rufescent.

Intermediate between A.flavobrunneus and A. pesmndatus, but readily dis-
tinguished from both by the entire absence of smell. There are two forms which
are constantly different one larger and firmer, in pine woods, the other smaller
and thinner, in beech woods.

In woods, chiefly pine. Rare. Sept.

Spores 5x8 mk. W.G.S. Name uro, to burn. From its scorched appear-
ance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 57. Hym. Eur. p. 51. Icon. t. 27. f. 2. C. Hbk. n.
46. Illust. PI. 88. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 43. Gonn. &> Rab. t. 14. /. 2.

72. A. pessundatus Fr. Pileus bay -brown or rufescent, paler
even whitish at the circumference, compactly fleshy, convex then
expanded, very obtuse, flexuous, smooth, in no wise streaked, but
granulate or guttato-spotted, viscid ; the bent-in margin naked.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick,
solid, hard, at first in the form of a bulb, everywhere villous 'with
'whitish squamules, then somewhat equal, rather smooth, white.
Gills deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded, at first very
narrow, shining white, then 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, rufescent.

Odour of new meal, strong ; taste mild.

In fir woods. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

Reckoned edible, but too rare to merit attention. Spores very minute, glo-
bose, 2-3 mk. C.B.P. Name pessum dare, bent downwards. Fr. Monogr.
p. 58. Hym. Eur. p. 52. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 44. Sterb. t. 8 A.

73. A. stans Fr. Pileus rufescent, compact, convex then flat-
tened, viscid, even (neither granulated nor spotted) ; flesh red-
dish under the cuticle. Stem solid, somewhat equal, squamulose.
Gills rounded, crowded, white, spotted-red.

There are two forms : a) campestris, stem short, obese, reddish-squamulose
but not villous, the broader pileus becoming more plane, brown-rufous, obso-
letely squamuloso-virgate ? ; in deciduous groves, &c. : b) montana, stem elon-
gated, 7.5 cent. (3 in.), wholly equal, white, white-squamulose only at the apex,
pileus smaller, more convex and wholly even ; in mountainous pine woods.

In woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.

Spores subsphaeroid, 5-6x4 mk. K. Name stare, to stand. Standing
upright. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 52. Icon. t. 28. C. Illust. PL 198.

74. A. frumentaceus Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
whitish or clay-colour and variegated rufous, truly fleshy, convex
then plane, obtuse, viscous, dry in fine weather, even, smooth :
flesh white. Stem 7.5 (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid,

42 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. equal, fibrillose when dry, whitish. Gills rounded, somewhat
crowded, rather broad, white, at length spotted-rufous.

Wholly becoming pale-white, but the stem and the pileus are alike marked-
rufous, and the gills are at length rufescent, wherefore, as well f as for the
strong smell of new meal, it is undoubtedly nearest to A. pessundatus. The
pileus is less compact than in that species. There can scarcely be a doubt
that this is the same species as was referred by Berkeley (Out. p. 144) to the
pink-spored species. When full grown it has all the appearance of Entoloma.

On the ground. Forres. Glamis. Oct.

Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. N&mefrumentum, corn. From the mealy odour.
Bull. t. 571. f. i. Ft: Monogr. i. p. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 52. S. Mycol. Scot.
Supp. Scot. Nat. 1 88 1, p. 34. Entoloma Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 254.
Illust. PL 470.

II. GENUINA.
* Gills not changing colour, 6^.

75. A. rutilans Schasff. Pileus truly fleshy, semi-ovate and
obtuse when young) the thin margin incurved, wholly covered over
with dense continuous down, which becomes dark-purple or reddish-
brown ; when fuller grown campanulate, often umbonate, of one
colour, purple ; when fully unfolded convexo-flattened, often
umbonate, light-yellow variegated with purple from the cuticle
being broken up into innate floccose scales, always dry; flesh
when quite young light-yellow, golden when broken, soft. Stem
fleshy, somewhat hollow, large but soft, bulbous when shorter,
ventricose when longer, light-yellow, beautifully variegated chiefly
upwards with squamulose flocci, which become purple. Gills at
the very first yellow and then almost adnate, crowded, the edge
thickened obtuse and floccose, often flexuous ; when full grown
thinner, broader, less crowded, golden, pallid at the sides.

The continuous down is in a measure a universal veil. Very variable in its
dimensions. Splendid, very elegant, inodorous.

In pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Stem 6-9 cent. (2*4-3 /4 i n -) long. i~ 2 -5
cent. (M-! i n -) thick, sometimes much larger. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid,
5-8 x 6-7 mk. K.; 6-8 x 6 mk. B.; 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name rutilo, to
be reddish. Schceff. t. 219. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 53. Berk.
Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 49. Illust. PI. 89. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 45. Fl.
Dan. t. 1610. Krombh. t. 63. /. 10-12. Gonn. & Rab. t. 14. f. i. A. serra-
tus Bolt. t. 14. A. xerampelinus Sow. t. 31.

76. A. variegatus Scop. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad,
fleshy, when full grown flattened, very obtuse or obsoletely um-
bonate, fragile, sometimes wholly covered over, sometimes, but
more rarely, sprinkled above the pallid (becoming light-yellow)

LEUCOSPORI. 43

base with purple-reddish flocci, naked at the margin ; flesh almost Tricholoma.
whitish, then pallid light-yellow. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
12 mm. (X in.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, curved, occasion-
ally bulbous, sometimes variegated with thin reddish villous down,
sometimes almost naked, yellowish-white, scarcely whitish-pruin-
ose at the apex. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, light-yellow-
whitish, the edge always quite entire, acute, and of the same
colour.

Allied to A. rutilans ; in general smaller, leaner, and less handsome. The
stem is harder and tougher. It varies with the stem hollow, the gills pallid,
and the pileus granulate.

On rotten wood. Epping

&>

Name variegatus, variegated. Scop. Cam. p. 434. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
60. Hytn. Eur. p. 53. Fl. Dan. t. 1910. f. 2. A. granulatus Schczff. t. 21.
Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 57.

77. A. luridus Schaeff. Pileus lurid, becoming yellow-cinere-
ous, sometimes light-yellow, never rufescent, fleshy, convex then
plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, irregularly shaped, absolutely
dry, the cuticle easily separating into fibrils, and the pileus itself
often rimosely incised. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5
cent. (/4-i in.) thick, solid or stuffed, unequal, smooth, white.
Gills emarginate, broad, very crowded, watery whitish.

It differs from A. saponaceus (which is somewhat like it), A. sejunctus, and
others which have been interchanged with it, in its mild taste, in its odour of
new meal, in the flesh alike of the pileus and stem being soft, absorbing mois-
ture, never rufescent, in the cuticle of the pileus not separating into scales, and
in the thin crowded gills.

In woods. Common. Sept.-Oct.

Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 5 x 3-4 mk. K. ; 5-6 x 3-4 mk. B. Name
luridus, lurid. Schceff. t. 69. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 62. Hytn. Eur. p. 54.
Berk. Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 51. Illust. PL 214. Brigant. Neap. t. 7
(cuticle of pileus entire).

78. A. guttatus Schasff. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
cinnamon or somewhat pale yellowish, fleshy, convex then
flattened, dry, broken up into somewhat granular or floccose
squamules, margin remotely sulcate, at first involute, white-
floccose ; flesh thick, white. Stem solid, mealy, white. Gills
emarginate, decurrent in the form of lines, very crowded, snow-
white.

Somewhat csespitose. Odour and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. From the
specimens of Lasch the pileus is rather floccose than granulose.

In woods. Downton. 1878.

44 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Name gutta, a drop. Spotted. Schtrff. t. 240. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 54.
B. & Br. n. 1839. C. Illust. PI. 59.

79. A. columbetta Fr. Wholly shining white. Pileus 5-10
cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, firm but not thick, convex then
flattened, obtuse, flexuous, dry, at first smooth, then silky-fibrillose
and becoming even or squamulose, the margin, which is inflexed
when young, tomentose. Stem sometimes short, sometimes 7.5-10
cent. (3-4 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, wholly fleshy
and compact (not elastic), commonly unequal. Gills somewhat
einarginate, almost free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, linear, per-
sistently shining white.

Solitary, inodorous. The pileus does not become yellow as A. impolitus
does, but is occasionally spotted-red. As the pileus changes with the condition
of the atmosphere (moist when fresh and damp, but never watery) and with
age, so the gills are narrow when young, then very broad. Widely removed
from the rest of the white Tricholomata. There are certain well-marked
forms: A) Stem obese, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, unequal, swollen,
pileus always almost repand, even-lobed, at first smooth, even, at length
rimosely scaly, the margin, which is inflexed when young, tomentose. Often
spotted-reddish. In heathy birch woods, among mosses. B) Stem longer,
equal, somewhat attenuated at the base ; pileus somewhat flexuous, silky-
fibrillose, at length squamulose, sometimes becoming fuscous-spotted ; margin
scarcely villous. In mixed damp thickets. A. sericeus Krombh. t. 25. f. 6, j.
C) Stem equal, cylindrical, as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) long, fibrilloso-striate ;
pileus regular, flattened, 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, evidently fibrillose, margin
naked ; flesh thin, scissile, occasionally spotted azure-blue. In shady beech
woods.

In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

The centre of the pileus, as noted by Withering, is often dilute mouse-
colour lightly shaded off. Edible ; taste mild but not mealy. Spores 6-8 x
3-4 mk. B. 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name columba, a pigeon. Dove-
coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 63. Hym. Eur. p. 55. Icon. t. 29. f. 2. Berk.
Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 52. Illust. PI. 48. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 46. Letell. t.
625. Quel. t. 2.f. 2. Gonn. & Rab. t. 15. /. i. Paul. t. 58.

80. A. scalpturatus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
fleshy, at the first conical, covered with down, soon convexo-
flattened, obtuse, variegated-fuscous above the white ground from
the cuticle being broken up into ad pressed, scattered, fioccose, umber
or rufescent scales, which become more rare and minute towards
the margin ; flesh not thick but slightly firm, whitish. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, sometimes
attenuated, sometimes thickened at the base, firm, white, not
scaly, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded,
ventricose, quite entire, white, becoming yellow when old and
dried, but never becoming cinereous.

It differs from A. terreus, to which it is certainly allied, in its firmer stature,
in the gills being white then becoming yellow, and in the obtuse whitish pileus
being as it were scratched on account of the minute rarer adpressed scales.

LEUCOSPORI. 45

In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Tricholoma.

Name scalpto, to scratch. From its scratched appearance. Fr. Monogr.
\. p. 61. Hym. Eur. p. 55. Berk. Out. p. TOI. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust.
PL 215. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 47. Batt. t. 15 F. A. argyraceus, Berk. Eng.
Fl. v. p. 18, partly. Var. virescens Wharton, turning yellowish-green. C.
Illust. descr.

Gills rufescent or becoming cinereo:is,

81. A. imbricatus Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad,
rufous-umber or umber, very opaque, fleshy, compact, broadly
convex then flattened, obtuse, very dry, continuous at the disc,
otherwise torn into squamules, and fibrillose towards the circum-
ference ; margin thin, at first when in flexed slightly pubescent,
then quite naked; flesh firm, moderately thick, white. Stem
solid) stout, sometimes short, conico-bulbous, 4-5 cent, (ij^-2 in.)
long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, sometimes extended, 7.5
cent. (3 in.) long and almost equal, adpressedly fibrillose, white
at the apex, white-pulverulent with squamules. Gills slightly
emarginate, almost adnate, somewhat crowded, about 6 mm. (3
lin.) broad, wholly white when young, at length rufous.

Scattered or growing in troops. Stem sometimes pierced by larvae.

In pine woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

The stem is very often variously bent and attenuated at the base. The
names of this and of A. vaccinus have been transposed. A. vaccinus is much
more scaly than A. imbricatus. Edible according to old authors. Spores
6x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-7x4 mk. B. ; 4x5 mk. IV.G.S. ; 5 mk. IV. P. Name
imbrex, a tile ; imbricated. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 64. Hym. Eur. p. 56. Icon.
t. 30. Berk. Out. p. 99. t. 4. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 53. Illust. PL 199, not PL
60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 48. Gonn. & Rab. t. 18. f. i.

82. A. vaccinus Pers. Pileus when young 2.5-5 cent - (i- 2 in O

broad, when full grown and largest 10-12.5 cent - (4~5 m -)> rufous,

fleshy, campanulate then expanded, umbonate, wholly torn up into

floccose squarrose, or, when smaller, adpressed scales, dry, mar-

gin at first involute, tomentose ; flesh, alike of the pileus and of
the fibrous stem, white, then reddish. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 8-16 mm. (4-8 lin.) thick, holloiv, equal, round, remarkably
fibrillose, more or less manifestly furnished with a cortina, naked
(not white - pulverulent) at the apex, whitish-rufescent. Gills
slightly sinuate, almost adnate, somewhat distant, 6-12 mm. (3-6
lin.) broad, at first whitish, then spotted-rufous and at length ru-
fescent.

The flesh of the stem is less diffused into that of the pileus than usual.
Growing in troops. Earlier than A. imbricatus, the flesh of the pileus is very
much f fanner than that of A. imbricatus. The at first involute tomentose
margin serves instead of a veil.

46 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Taste disagreeable. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6 mk. K. Name
vacca, a cow. From the reddish-brown colour. Pers. Syn. p. 293 (exclud-
ing synonym Sch(?ff.} Fr. Monogr. i. p. 65. Hym. Eur. p. 56. Berk. Out. p.
100. C. Hbk. n. 54. Illust. PL 60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 49. Batsch f. 116.
A. rufus. Pers. Ic. and descript. t. 2. f. 1-4.

83. A. immundus Berk. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) or more broad,
dirty white stained with bistre, fleshy, at first convex, minutely
silky ; margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous and squam-
ulose. Stem fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills
emarginate, marked with transverse lines, somewhat cinereous
with a pinkish tinge.

Casspitose. Every part blackish when bruised. Border deflexed.

Among short grass on sheep's dung. Rare. Oct.

Name immundus, dirty, discoloured. Berk. Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n.
72. Illust. PL 61. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, /. 213. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 56.

84. A. gausapatus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
grey-cinereous, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate or obtusely cam-
panulate, the flexuous bent-in margin tomentose-woolly, then ex-
panded, repand, tomentose with dense, superficial, separating, silky-
adpressed fibrils, somewhat woolly. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12
mm. ()4 in.) and more thick, solid, stout, equal, blunt, laxly --fibril-
lose, shining white, manifestly furnished with a cortina. Gills
emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, grey.

Allied to A. terreus, but larger, mild, inodorous, the form of the pileus re-
markable.

In grassy woods. Epping Forest.

Spores 4x6 mk. W.P. Name gausapa (yavo-aTrr;?), a shaggy woollen cloth.
From the covering of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 67. Hym. Eur. p. 57.

85. A. terreus Schasff. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i>-3 m -) broad,
fuscous, mouse colour, grey, becoming azure-blue, &c., slightly

fleshy, soft-fragile, campanulate then expanded, umbonate, vil-
lous, for the most part floccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into
dark (not white) innate adpressed fibrils, repand when larger;
margin at first inflexed, naked ; flesh scissile, white. Stem about
5 cent. (2 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, more rarely
at length hollow, equal, becoming even with longitudinally ad-
pressed fibrils, white and delicately white pruinose at the apex.
Gills remarkably emarginate, somewhat distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.)
broad, unequal at the edge, white then becoming cinereous.

LEUCOSPORI. 47

Inodorous, gregarious, varying solitary and caespitose. Cortina none. Tricholoma.
Sometimes larger with the pileus repand, scaly, and fibrillose ; sometimes
smaller, regular, with the pileus papillate, dotted with squamules, and with
the margin at first inflexed. The margin of the pileus is not bearded with
white down like that of A. gausapatiis.

In woods, chiefly under beech. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 6-7x4 mk. K. ; 5-6x3-4 mk. B. ; 6 mk.
W. G.S. Name terra, the earth. Earth-coloured. Schaff. t. 64 (not
typical, connato-casspitose). Fr. Monogr. \. p. 67. Hym, Eur. p. 57. Berk.
Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 57. Illust. PL 50. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 50. Sow.
t. 76. Ventur. t. 45. /. 4, 5. Saund. 6" Sm. t. 44. f. z. Gonn. fr 5 Rab. t.
17. f. 2. A. argyraceus Bull. t. 513. /. 2. A. myomyces Alb. 6 Schw.
Letell. t. 663. / 6.

* A. argyraceus Bull. Gills and commonly pileus shining
white.

Name apyvpos, silver. From its shining appearance. Bull. t. 423. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 58. Kalchbr. Hung. t. 4. f. i. C. Ulust. PI. 165.

* A. atrosquamosus Chev. Gregarious. Pileus about 5 cent.
(2 in.) broad, pallid cinereous, convex then flattened, umbonate,
squamulose ; margin rather woolly, squamules of the pileus small,
black. Stem 6-7.5 cent ( 2 X~3 in-) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick,
stuffed, fibrillose, white, with a few black squamulose points
about the apex, base slightly thickened. Gills ventricose, emar-
ginate, rather thick, scarcely crowded.

Name atcr, black, squamosus, scaly. In grassy places. Nov. Chev.
Fung. 6^ Byss. Illus. Grevillea, vol. ix. /. 93.

* A. orirubens Ouel. Pileus fleshy, convex, fragile, smooth,
grey, brownish in the centre, clad with blackish fibrils. Stem
solid, fibrous, white, streaked with rose at the base; flesh white,
odour mealy. Gills emarginate, undulated, white with the edge
rose. Spores oval, white.

On the ground. Oct. Name os, mouth ; rubeo, to be red. From the
red-edged gills. Quelet Jur. p. 327. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 41. C. Illust.
PI. go.

III. RlGIDA.
* Gills white or becoming pale, &*.

86. A. macrorhizus Lasch. Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad,
ochraceous, compact, convex then plane, even, smooth, then
broken up in a tesselated manner. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) thick,
solid, stout, whitish then ochraceous, very delicately granulated,
with a thick, fleshy, blunt root. Gills emarginate, pallid.

A magnificent fungus with a root which has no equal in size. Odour heavy,
corpse-like.

48 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. On the ground. King's Lynn.

Name naKpos, long, p<a, a root. Lasch n. 240. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 58.
C. Illust. PL 278. A. macrocephalus Schulz. in Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. p. n.
t. 3 ./. i.

87. A. saponaceus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad,
normally fuscous-livid, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse,
wholly smooth, moist in rainy weather, but never viscous, even,
then when dry more or less rimoso-rivulose, dotted or broken up
into scales ; margin thin, at first inflexed, very smooth ; flesh
whitish, often becoming red. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
12 mm. (y z in.) and more thick, solid, often unequal, as curved,
rooted at the attenuated base, pallid. Gills uncinato-emargin-
ate, distant, thin, quite entire, in groups of 2-4, becoming pale-
white.

Pileus varying in colour, whitish, cinereous, green, becoming black. Stem
sometimes smooth, sometimes squamulose when early in deciduous woods,
sometimes elegantly reticulated with black fibrils in later autumn in moun-
tainous pine woods, Fr. Icon. t. 32, lower fig. It varies with the gills becom-
ing yellow, such as A. napipes Krombh. t. 28. f. 23, 24. Scarcely any species
has been more confounded with others. It may always be safely distinguished
by its odour, which is wholly peculiar, rather soapy than nitrous (quite different
from that of A. alkalinus, Hygrophorus murinaceus, &c. ), also by the compact
not fragile substance, by the distant gills, by the smooth cuticle of the pileus
at length cracking into scales, and likewise by spots, which are often reddish,
both on the flesh and stem when wounded.

In deciduous and pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov.

I have found an exceedingly handsome form in which the stem (figured in
Cooke's Illust. PL 216) is beautifully marked with regular zones of small black
scales. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subsphaeroid, 5x4 mk. K.; 4-5 x 2-3
mk. B.; 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name sapo, soap. From the odour. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 69. Hym. Eur. p. 59. Icon. t. 32, upper fig. Berk. Out. p.
101. C. Hbk. n. 58. Illust. PL 91, 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 51. A.
argyraceus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 18 partly. A. madreporeus Batsch t. 36. f.
203. A. argyrospermus Bull. t. 602. A. fusiformis Schum. FL Dan. t. 1729.
A. murinaceus Krombh. t. 72. /. 6-18.

88. A. cartilaginous Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and
more broad, fleshy, not compact, rigid, somewhat fragile, convex
then expanded, gibbous, undulated, smooth, delicately and densely
black-dotted from the cuticle being broken in minute cracks ; flesh
white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more long, almost 2.5 cent.
(i in.) thick, hollow, curt and firm, but fragile, shining white, the
surface polished, even, smooth. Gills emarginato-sinuate, crowded,
moderately thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white, then becoming pale-
grey but pure.

When young convex, obtuse, with the involute margin pubescent, then ex-
panded, undulato-repand (rimosely incised when dry), very obtuse, with the

LEUCOSPORI. 49

margin remaining deflexed and incurved ; always very dry, at the very first Tricholoma.
minutely and very densely granulated, but the granules are wholly innate,
having originated from the cuticle being broken up ; granules at the first so
continuous that the pileus is black ; when full grown, however, the granules are
so distinct, on account of the small cracks, that the white ground shines through
between myriads of them, wherefore the pileus appears as very densely
black-dotted. No distinct odour. Formerly confounded with a form of A.
saponaceus.

In grassy places in woods, pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov.

Spores sphaerical, 8 mk. Q. Name cartilago, cartilage. From its texture.
Bull. t. 589. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 70. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 33. Berk.
Out. p. 101. C. Hbk. n. 59. Illust. PI. 166. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 52.
Smith in Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. /. 101.

89. A. loricatus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - 0~ 2 m -) broad, some-
times umber, sometimes livid-fuscous, paler round the margin,
slightly fleshy, lax, campanidate then convex, most frequently
undulated, even sinuato-lobed, moist (slightly viscid), smooth,
punctato-rugulose iinder a lens, clothed as in a cuirass with a thick
horny separate cuticle; flesh peculiar, scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, but very
tough, somewhat hollow, twisted, irregular, equal or attenuated
downwards, rooted, brick-fuscous, fibrilloso-striate under a lens.
Gills quite free and separable from the hymenophore, very
crowded, ventricose, quite entire, whitish-straw colour.

The upper cuticle is 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat horny, fuscous, wholly
different from the pith of the stem, which (pith) enters at the centre between
the cuticle and the hymenophore which is continuous with the stem. Odour
strong, not pleasant, but not soapy.

In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept.

The flesh of the pileus is simply a prolongation and expansion of the pith of
the stem between the horny cuticle and the hymenophore. Name lorica, a
leather cuirass. Fr. ^lonogr. i. p. 71. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 35. f. 2.
B. & Br. n. 1503. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 53.

90. A. atrocinereus Pers. Pileus 4 cent. (i}4 in.) broad,
cinereous, the prominent disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane,
smooth, dry, opaque, at first even and entire, at length rimosely
incised and revolute at the margin, but not broken up into scales.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, in-
ternally soft and when moist hyaline, equal, cylindrical, slightly
striate with longitudinally adpressed fibrils, and naked at the apex,
but smooth and whitish. Gills sometimes free, sometimes de-
current with a tooth or arcuato-adnexed, more or less ventricose t
thin, crowded, hyaline-white.

D

50 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Fragile. Odour of new meal. Flesh of the pileus when the plant is moist
obscurely hyaline, hygrophanous. Allied to A. cuneifolius in its very fragile
nature and odour, but'larger and distinguished by many marks.

On grassy ground. Hothorpe Norths, &c.

Name ater, black, cinereus, ash-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 348. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 31. f. 2. C. Illust. PI. 52. a.

91. A. cuneifolius Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.) broad,
fuscous or livid, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at
length depressed, even, smooth, then cracked, often concentrically,
into broad scales. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i> i n -) l n g> 2 ~4 mm -
(1-2 lin.) thick, rarely more, hollow, attenuated downwards, rarely
equal, somewhat fibrillose becoming smooth, white-pruinose at the
apex, pallid. Gills obovate-wedge-shaped, very much attenuated
behind, slightly adnexed but somewhat decurrent, in front how-
ever dilated and obliquely truncate, crowded, connected by veins,
fragile, white.

The smallest of this group, very fragile ; odour of new meal. It is most
distinct from the form of the gills and odour.

In pastures, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Surface of the pileus rufous where not broken up. M. J. B. Spores ellipsoid,
4~6x2-3mk. K.; 5 mk. W.G.S.; ovoid-pruniform, finely punctate, 5-6 mk.
Q. Name cuneus, a wedge, folium, a leaf. From the shape of the gills.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 61. Berk. Out. p. 102. C. Hbk. n.
60. Illust. PI. 52. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 54. A. cinereo-rimosus Batschf. 206.
C. Illust. PL 261. A. ovinus var. Bull. t. 580. a, b.

** Gills changing colour, &>c.

92. A. crassifolius Berk. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad,
ochraceous, disc umber, fleshy, rather wavy, umbonate, at length
often depressed, minutely adpresso-squamulose ; flesh very firm.
Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 9 mm. (Y% in.) thick, solid, nearly
equal, pruinose, much paler than the pileus. Gills slightly
adnexed or nearly free, acute behind, moderately distant, thick, at
length yellowish, stained with brown.

Gregarious, subcaespitose. Smell rather strong. Sometimes in large old
specimens the epidermis cracks in broad scales, but then these are clothed with
the smaller ones. The gills have somewhat the appearance of those of
Dcedalia betulina. It does not appear to be viscid in any state.

In fir woods. Uncommon. Oct.

Name crassus, thick, folium, a leaf. From the thick gills. Berk. Out.
p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 55. Illust. PL 92. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 61. A. pachy-
phyllus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 16.

LEUCOSPORI. 51

93. A. tumidus Pers. Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, cinereous- Tricholoma.
livid, variegated with tiger-spots, fleshy, irregularly shaped, bid-
late, then undulated when expanded, and at length rimosely in-
cised, moist in rainy weather, somewhat shining when dry ; margin

thin, at first bent inwards, somewhat lobed ; flesh white. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 18 mm. (^ in.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous,
stout, sometimes swollen, smooth, striate, shining white, often at-
tenuated into a root at the base. Gills emarginate, 12 mm. (%
in.) broad, thicker at the base, somewhat distant, shining white, at
length cinereoits-rufescent.

Somewhat cartilaginous, at length rigid-fragile. Odour and taste weak, not
unpleasant. Its dimensions vary very much ; sometimes among the taller
mosses the stem is elongated, slender, and the pileus much smaller. Allied to
ClitocybcB difformes.

In moist pine woods. Coed Coch, <Scc. Oct.

Spores 4x6 mk. W.P. Name tumidus, swollen. Pers. Syn. p. 350.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 74. Hym. Eur. p. 62. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vi.
p. 213. Krombh. t. 72. f. 1-5. C. Illust. PL 93.

Var. Keithii Phill. & Plow. This differs from the type in its
cinereo-rufescent pileus, less turgid, dirty-white stem, which has
brownish innate fibres, and in being tinged with red, especially
near the base.

In some of its characters it agrees with A. sudus Fr. , from which it differs
in its undulating pileus, distant gills and often rooting stem. The whole plant
is fragile, the gills have a cinereous tinge, usually at length becoming rufescent.
It frequently has a powerful odour of new meal, and is intermediate between
A. sudus and A. tumidus, but is nearer the latter. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 65.

94. A. murinaceus Bull. Wholly becoming cinereous. Pileus
fleshy, thin, campanulate then expanded, silky, rimosely scaly and
streaked. Stem stuffed, stout, variegated with minute squamules.
Gills broad, distant, undulated, cinereous.

Strong-smelling, large, robust, but fragile. Formerly referred to Hygrophorus
nitrosus, from which it is very different, although both species agree in the
alkaline odour.

In open woods and pastures. Rare. Aug.-Sept.

Pileus ii cent. (4^ in.) across, at first campanulate, slightly umbonate,
then expanded, thin, firm, but very brittle, mouse-coloured, cracked and vir-
gate, silky, not the least viscid; flesh white. Stem.y.s cent. (3 in.) high, 2.5
cent, (i in.) thick at the top, cracked and streaked, silky, with minute black
scales, solid but fibrous, not the least stuffed or hollow. Gills very broad, un-
dulate, distant, having a tendency to become forked and anastomosing, brittle,
often marked with raised lines, cinereous, powdery, interstices slightly veined,
edge at length black. Taste bitter, unpleasant; odour not nitrous. M.J.B.
The plant which I have gathered during several seasons corresponds exactly

52 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. with the figure of Bulliard and with Berkeley's description. The stem is fre-
quently twisted, slightly flattened, with deep longitudinal channels. The
figure in Cooke's ' Illustrations ' does not represent Bulliard's plant. Spores
5 x 4 ink. W.G.S. Name nms, a mouse. Mouse - coloured. Bull. t. 520.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 62. B. &= Br. n. 261. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 56.
Illust. PL 49. ? S. Mycol. Scot. n. 55. Sow. t, 106.

95. A. virgatus Fr. Pileus grey-cinereous, the umbo often
darker, fleshy, but not thick, rigid, convex then flattened, some-
what umbonate, very dry even in rainy weather, smooth, becoming
even, but elegantly streaked with fine black lines (innate fibrils) ;
broken up into squamules when old ; margin straight and at the
first naked ; flesh thin, cinereous-whitish. Stem 7.5 cent, (sin.)
and more long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal
or tuberous at the very base, striate, commonly smooth, sometimes
squamulose, 'whitish, white within. Gills broadly emarginate, 6-
10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded, becoming hoary.

Most distinct. Inodorous ; taste bitter like gall when young, but flavourless
when old. Var. major (in beech woods) pileus black-squamulose, the scales
separating.

In mixed wood. Forres, c. Aug.-Oct.

Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 6-8x5-6 mk. K. ; 5-7x4-5 mk. IV. P. ;
ellipsoid-sphaeroid, punctate, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; ovoid, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q.
Name virga, a twig or stripe. Streaked. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 75. Hym. Eur.
p. 62. Icon. t. 34. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1504. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 56. C.
Illust. PL 167.

IV. SERICELLA.
* Gills broad, rather thick, somewhat distant.

96. A. sulphureus Bull. Pileus i-io cent. (^-4 in.) broad,
dingy or rufescent sulphur-yellow, fleshy, at the first somewhat
globose, soon convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, at length de-
pressed, unequal, at the first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth
and even. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and
more thick, stuffed, somewhat equal but often curved, rather
smooth, striate, sulphur-yellow, of the same colour and fibrous
within. Gills adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato-emarginate, rather
thick, distant, distinct, brighter sulphur-yellow than the pileus.

Gregarious ; very variable in dimensions ; odour strong, stinking.

In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov.

Odour like that of gas-tar or Hemerocallis flava. M.J.B. Probably a dan-
gerous species. Spores 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B. Name sulphur, brimstone. Sul-
phur-coloured. Bull. t. 168. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 76. Hym. Eur. p. 63. Berk.
Out. p. 102. t. 4. /. 4. C. Hbk. n. 62. Illust. PL 62. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
57. Sow. t. 44. FL Dan. t. 1910. f. i. Gonn. & Rab. t. 13. f. 2. Paul. t.
8S-/. 3, 4-

LEUCOSPORI. 53

97. A. bufonius Pers. Pileus umber, fuscous-tan, &c., fleshy, THchoioma.
convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, at first slightly silky, soon
becoming smooth, dotted-wrinkled, opaque. Stem stuffed, equal,
flocculose. Gills arcuato-subdecurrent, somewhat distant, yellow-
tan and pallid.

Its odour (milder) and stature are the same as those of A. sulphureus, but it
is more regular in form. Otherwise it does not seem to differ unless in the
darker wrinked-dotted pileus, the flocculose stem, and the more crowded, paler
(sulphur-tan) ^zV/.y. Pileus becoming black-umber. Bull. t. 545. /. 2. O.

In fir and mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Spores subsphasroid, 3-4x2-3 mk. K. Name bufo, a toad. Pileus like
a toad's back. Pers. Syn. p. 359. ? Fr. Monogr. i. p. 77. Hym. Eur.p. 63.
B. 6* Br. n. 786. C. Hbk. n. 63. Illust. PL 181. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 58.
Kalclibr. t. 39. /. i. Compare Bull. t. 545. /. 2.

98. A. lascivus Fr. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid-
tan, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat de-
pressed, delicately silky then becoming smooth, even, dry, margin at
first involute ; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long,
solid, rigid, \vholly fibrous, equal, fibrillose, whitish, rooted and
tomentose at the base, white-pruinate at the apex. Gills arcuato-
adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent (otherwise horizontal), thin,
crowded, white.

Intermediate between A. sulphureiis and A. inamcznus. Odour the same,
but clearly different from both in its crowded gills. The gills are conspicu-
ously thinner and more crowded than those of A. sulphureus.

In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Name lascivus, disgusting. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 77. Hym.
Eur. p. 64. Icon. t. 38. /. i. Berk. Oitt. p. 102. C. Hbk. n. 64. Illust.
PL 94. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 59. Var. robustus C. Illust. PL 217.

99. A. inamoenus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 in -) broad, be-
coming pale, dingy-white, fleshy, moderately thin (but flesh com-
pact, shining white), convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate,
very dry, slightly silky then becoming smooth, even. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) and more long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, solid, firm, equal,
rather smooth, white. Gills variously ad fixed, normally emargin-
ate with a decurrent tooth, but sometimes truly adnato-decurrent,
plane, rather thick, very broad, very distant, distinct, shining
white.

Among mosses the stem is enlarged at the rooted villous base. Odour that
of A. sulphureus, but stronger, very foetid. It is distinguished from all neigh-
bouring species by the very distant, shining white gills.

In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

54 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Spores sphasroid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-7 mk. K, Name inamcenus,
unpleasant. From the odour. Fr. Monogr. p. 78. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Icon,
t. 38.7. 2. Berk. Out. p. 102. B. & Br. n. 1733*. C. Hbk. n. 65. Illust.
PI. 77. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 60. Sow. t. 121, otherwise very distinct, exactly
represents its habit.

** Gills thin, crowded, narrow.

100. A. cerinus Pers. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in -) broad,
dingy wax-colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex then flat-
tened, obtuse and at length depressed, very opaque, very dry, even
and becoming smooth ; flesh thin, but firm, white. Stem 2.5 cent.
(i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, Jibrilloso-
striate, yellow, base smooth (often fuscous). Gills sinuato-ad-
nexed, separating, horizontal, plane, very thin and crowded, 2 mm.
(i lin.) broad, dark-yellow or wax colour, but the spores wholly
white.

Diminutive, approaching Clitocybce in the structure of the stem, but the
gills in properly developed specimens are sinuate. There is one form with the
pileus repand, 4 cent. (\y 2 in.) broad; another smaller, scarcely 2.5 cent (i
in.) with the stem fuscous.

Associated with pine. Glamis, 1877, &c. June-July.

Pileus generally much paler round the margin. Name cera, wax. Wax-
coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 321. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 79. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Icon,
t. 39.7. i. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 61. C. Illust. PL 95.

101. A. ionides Bull. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, com-
monly violet or lilac, fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane, urn-
bonate, even, becoming somewhat smooth, changing colour, margin
at the first flocculose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, elastic, attenuated, fibrillose. Gills emar-
ginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad,
eroded, white, becoming paler.

Very changeable in form and colour ; the smaller it is the darker, commonly
becoming violet or lilac, when smaller fuscous-purple or reddish-livid, becom-
ing pale with age.

In moist woods and open pastures. King's Cliffe, 1860. Aug.

Smell not very decided but pleasant ; rather like that of Lactarius theiogalus.
B. & Br. According to Bulliard the stem is swollen at the base. Name
iov, a violet. Violet -coloured. Bull. t. 533. /. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 65.
Syst. Myc. i. p. 107. B. & Br. n. 902. C. Hbk. ?t. 66. Illust. PL 95.
A. purpureus Pers. Bolt. t. 41. (a very small form).

* A. pravus Lasch. Fuscous-reddish. Pileus slightly fleshy,
campanulate then expanded, umbonate, silky under a lens.

LEUCOSPORI. 55

Stem stuffed then hollow, floccose, attenuated downwards. Gills Tricholoma.
adnexed with a tooth, eroded, white-pulverulent.

Varying like the type, than which it is smaller, thinner, more fragile ; fus-
cous-purple, lilac-reddish, livid. In a stove. July. Lasch Linn. iv. n. 532.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 65. B. & Br. n. 1191.

102. A. carneus Bull. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, red then
flesh colour and at length becoming white with a lustre, thin,
slightly fleshy, at the first hemispherical, then convex and regular,
obtuse and at length flattened and reflexed, often with an umbo,
commonly repand, even excentric, even, smooth, dry, in no wise
hygrophanous ; flesh tough, snow-white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
and less, attenuated downwards, 2 mm. (i lin.), at the apex almost
4mm. (2 lin.), thick, toughly fibrous, almost cartilaginous^ rigid,
at first stuffed then hollow, flesh-colour then whitish, somewhat
pruinose at the apex. Gills rounded, somewhat free, horizontal,
very crowded, broader behind, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4 lin.) broad, very
shining white.

In habit, and in the nature of the stem, it rather approaches Collybice, but
its affinity with other species in this group is manifest.

In fields and by waysides in woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Pileus of a rufous-pink, minutely squamulose, often splitting. M.J.B.
In ' Hymenomycetes Europaei.' Fries gives A. carneus Bull. A. pesonius
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 81, and A. carneolus Fr.A. carneus Bull., Monogr. i. p.
8 1. On the authority of Berkeley, whose opinion I can fully confirm, the
change in ' Hym. Eur.' must be regarded as an error. The plant described
in ' Monographia ' as A. carneus is the true plant of Bulliard. Spores 3x2
mk. W.G.S. Name caro, flesh. Flesh-coloured. Bull. t. 533. /. i. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 81. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 30*. Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n. 68.
Illust. PL 96. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 62. A. carneolus Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
65. Icon. t. 40. f. 3.

103. A. caelatus Fr. Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.)
in breadth, fuscous, pale-grey when dry but not hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate, without striae, when fresh
smooth, but in becoming dried flocculose, rimosely scarred. Stem
2.5 cent, (i in.) or less in length, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4 lin.) thick, tough,
elastic, but not cartilaginous, when smaller stuffed, when larger
hollow, the internal walls villous, equal or slightly thickened at
the apex, fuscous, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills sinuato-
adnate with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, slightly arcuate,
dingy-whitish or grey.

Inodorous. The spores are dingy-white. A very peculiar species, remark-
able in its whole habit, and not to be compared with any other species of
Tricholoma. At first sight one might regard it as a species of Omphalia on ac-
count of the pileus being constantly umbilicate ; but the stem is by no means

56 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. cartilaginous, and the gills are manifestly sinuate behind. Species truly allied
occur only among Clitocybce, for example A. hirneolus and A. parilis, with
which it agrees in stature, colour, and dingy white spores, but these have
decurrent gills.

In woods. Charmy Down, 1867, &c. April-July.

Spores subglobose, 8x4 mk. B. &. Br. Name ccelum, a sculptor's
chisel. From the chiselled markings on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 82.
Hym. Eur. p. 66. Icon. t. 37. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1192. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 63. C. Illust. PL 96 B.

SERIES B.

V. GUTTATA.

* Gills whitish,

104. A. gambosus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more

broad, becoming pale-tan, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, then flattened,
obtuse, undulated and repand, even, smooth, but spotted as with
drops, at length widely cracked (not, however, torn into squamules),
the margin at the first involute and tomentose; flesh thick, soft,
fragile, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 1-2.5 cent.
(/4-i in.) thick, solid, fleshy-firm, almost equal, often curved-
ascending at the base, white, villous at the apex. Gills rounded-
or emarginato-adnexed, with a somewhat decurrent tooth and
when old sinuato-decurrent, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3
lin.) broad, whitish.

Odour pleasant, of new meal. Often forming large rings or clusters. A
whitish form must not be confounded with A. albellus.

In meadows, &c. Frequent. April-July.

Spores 13x11 mk. W. G.S. Smell strong like that of Polyporus squam-
osus. M.J.B. Edible; considered by some delicious, by others less delicate
in flavour. It should be gathered in dry weather. Known as St George's
mushroom. Worthington Smith says it is fit for any saint in the calendar.
Much esteemed in France and Italy. Its early appearance makes it more val-
uable, but it is unfortunately not so common as could be wished. It is less
frequent in Scotland than in England. Badham describes it under the name
of A. prunulus. He remarks that when the ring begins to break up into
irregular lines, it is a sign of its disappearance from the place, just as the
presence of an unbroken ring is conclusive of a plentiful harvest the next spring.
Name gamba, a hoof. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 82. Hym. Etir. p. 66. Sverig.
dtl. Sv. t. 9. Berk. Out. p. 104. t. 4. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 69. Illust. PL 63.
Hussey i. t. 83. Krombh. t. 63. f. 18, 22 ochraceous. Ventiir. t. 4. Gonn.
&> Rab. t. 18. /. 3. A. prunulus Badh. i. t. i. ii. t. if. i. A. graveolens
Sow. t. 281. A. pomonas Lenz. f. 13.

105. A. albellus Fr. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be-
coming pale-white, passing into grey when dry, fleshy, thick at

LEUCOSPORI. 57

the disc, thinner at the sides, conical then convex, gibbous when Tricholoma.
expanded, when in vigour moist on the surface, spotted as with
scales, the thin margin naked ; flesh soft, floccose, white, un-
changeable. Stem curt, 4-5 cent. (i>-2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick at the base, reaching 12 mm. (% in.) towards the apex,
solid, fleshy-compact, ovato-bidbous, (conical to the middle, cylin-
drical above the m\&&\),fibrilloso-striate, white. Gills very much
attenuated behind, not emarginate, becoming broad in front, very
crowded, quite entire, white.

Pileus not becoming yellow. Odour weak when fresh, taste pleasant, al-
most that of cooked flesh. There are two forms : one larger, solitary, another
smaller, connato-caespitose, quite as in A. albellus Sow. t. 122. It is often
confounded with smaller forms of A. gambosus.

In woods. Rare. April-May.

Spores very small, ovoid, 3 mk. W. G.S. Name diminutive, albus, white.
Whitish. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 83. Hym. Eur. p. 67. Berk. Out. p. 104. C.
Hbk. n. 70. Illust. PI. 229. Smith in Seem. Journ. Bot. t. 46. f. 45.
Gonn. 6 Rab. t. 15. /. 3. A. pallidus Sch&ff. t. 50. ? Tratt. Austr. t. 20.

** Gills changing colour, &C.

106. A. amethystinus Scop. Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist, spotted azure-blue, margin
wrinkled, paler. Stem solid, curt, attenuated at the base. Gills
somewhat adnate, crowded, white then rufescent.

Not well denned or sufficiently known.

In pine wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept.

Pale, with here and there a tinge of mouse-colour. Spots bluish-violet,
mostly confined to the disc. Of a somewhat faded appearance even when fresh.
Name amethystus, the amethyst. From the spots on the pileus. Scop.
Cam. ii. p. 437. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. 6" Br. n. 1733. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 66. C. Illust. PL 262.

107. A. tigrinus Schaeff. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid
brown, variegated with crowded and darker (fuscous} spots, com-
pactly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, repand ; flesh thick,
firm, white, unchangeable, but thin at the involute margin.
Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, very compact, solid, pruin-
ate, white. Gills rounded behind, at length decurrent with a
tooth, crowded, narrow, white, at length darker.

Solitary or csespitose. Very distinguished, obese, and without any marked
smell of new meal.

In fir woods and open grassy ground. Rare. June-July.

58 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Allied to A. gambosus. B. & Br. Fries remarks that the plant of Schaeffer
differs in the longer stem, in the pileus being conical then expanded, becoming
hoary-white, and in the gills being at length distant, but that there can be no
doubt they are the same. My specimens agreed exactly with the description
of Fries. Forming a large ring on a grassy place on the shore of an estuary.
Name tigris, a tiger. Spotted like a tiger. Sch&ff. t. 89. Fr. Icon. t. 41.
lower fig. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. & Br. n. 1636. S. MycoL Scot. n. 67.
C. Hbk. n. 73. Illust. PL 64. Gonn. & Rab. t. 13.7. 2.

VI. SPONGIOSA.

* Gills not changing colour.

108. A. Schumacher! Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, of one
colour, cinereous-livid, fleshy, compact, convex then flattened,
obtuse, regular, well formed, even, smooth, moist (not hygroph-
anous) in rainy weather, the slight margin, which exceeds the
gills, inflexed ; flesh spongy, white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
long, as much as 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, stout, equal, villous
and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, otherwise naked,
slightly striate, white, externally fibrous. Gills emarginate, very
crowded, plane, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, white.

Its entire nature and structure are those of A. personatus, and it can only be
compared with A. nebularis on account of the colours (the pileus being cinere-
ous, naked however). The stem being wholly fleshy and the gills being at the
first emarginate, evidently determine it a Tricholoma.

In a hothouse. Apethorpe, Norths., &c.

Agreeing very closely with the figure in ' Fl. Dan.' especially as regards the
gills. B. 6. Br. Name after Schumacher. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 85. Hym.
Eur. p. 69. B. dr 3 Br. n. 1927. Fl. Dan. t. 2267. /. i. C. Illust. PL 168.

109. A. patulus Fr. Pileus 6-10 cent. (2)4-4 in-) broad, pallid-
cinereous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, often repand, even,
smooth, in no wise tiger-spotted ; flesh moderately thin, not com-
pact, white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.)
thick, fleshy-fibrous, solid, firm, equal, somewhat elastic, smooth,
shining white. Gills constantly and equally emarginate, almost
free, crowded, comparatively narrow, 4 mm. (2 lin.), plane, somewhat
veined at the sides, whitish.

Inodorous. Solitary or growing in troops, or somewhat caespitose. The
colour of the pileus passes into very pale yellowish. It cannot be com-
pared with any of the neighbouring Tricholomaia, but rather with the
irregularly shaped Clitocybcs, especially when caespitose. It must not be
confounded with A. decastes. Dependent on the weather ; very luxuriant in
some rainy seasons, absent in very dry ones.

On the ground in woods. Reigate, Surrey, 1870. Oct.

Name patulus, spread out, wide. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p.
69. Icon. t. 37. /. i. Saimd. & Sm. t. 48.7. i. C. Ilhist. PL 279.

LEUCOSPORI.

59

110. A. arcuatus Bull. Pileus rufous-fuscous, becoming pale, THchoioma.
disc blackish, flattened, somewhat gibbous, soft, even, smooth,

moist, discoid; margin thin, at the first inflexed; the flesh coloured.
Stem solid, firm, fibrilloso-squamulose, blackish downwards,
bulbous. Gills arcuato-aclnate (decurrent with a tooth) and
arcuate, somewhat undulated, fragile, crowded, white.

Gregarious. Pileus " almost viscid." Stem sometimes remarkably margin-
ato-bulbous. Sterb. t. 7. C.

On grassy ground. St Andrews, 1877, &c. Oct.-Nov.

Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (\y z in.) long, 12
mm. (% in.) thick. Name arcus, a bow. From the bow-shaped gills.
Bull. t. 443 figures with scaly stem. Fr. Hym, Eur. p. 70. Monogr. i. p.
86, partly. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 68. C. Illust. PL 218.

111. A. oreinus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous-
livid, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, the thin
margin not exceeding the gills ; flesh white. Stem scarcely 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, but
thickened at the base as with a small bulb and at length ochra-
ceous, white-squamulose at tJic apex, internally fibrillose. Gills
rounded then free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, crowded, plane,
white.

Solitary. Inodorous. It differs from A. humilis in not being hygrophan-
ous, and in the gills running out of equal breadth as far as the margin. The
uppermost and lowest in stature of the figures of Bull. t. 443 shows the form
sufficiently well.

On heath and open ground. King's Cliffe.

Name opetvos, hilly. From its being found on mountainous heaths. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 70. Monogr. i. /. 86. C. Illust. PL 218. A. testudineus Pers.
Myc. Eur. p. 218. t. 23. f. i, 2.

112. A. albus Schasff. Wholly white. Pileus 7.5-10 cent.
(3-4 in.) broad, truly fleshy, not compact, tough, convex then
flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, even, smooth, marginal
the first involute at length repand. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long,
12 mm. (%, in.) and more thick, solid, attenuated upwards, some-
what bulbous, wholly fibrous, tougher externally, elastic, naked,
slightly mealy at the apex only under a lens. Gills emarginate,
somewhat crowded, distinct, when full gro\vn 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad,
unchangeable.

Stature very variable, sometimes very robust, sometimes moderately slender.
Odour weak or none, with an unpleasant acrid taste. Not hygrophanous ;
the pileus when dried becoming yellow often throughout or only at the disc.
All its forms (possibly including distinct species) are distinguished by their

60 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. habit which is that of Clitocybe, by their elastic stem, and by the pileus not
being moist even in rainy -weather, a feature which constitutes a departure
from the spongy Tricholomata, as well as by their white colour.

In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Care should be taken not to confound it with various edible species of the
same colour. From its acrid taste, which easily distinguishes it, it is perhaps
poisonous. Spores 3x6 mk. W.G.S.; 5-6x2-3 mk. B. Name albus,
white. Schceff. t. 256 (a thin form). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 91. Hym. Eur. p. 70.
Icon. t. 43. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 4. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 74. Illust. PL
65. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 69. A. leucocephalus Bull. t. 536. Battar. t. 20. f. i.

113. A. leucocephalus Fr. Wholly white without any yellow-
ish tinge. Pileus 4 cent, (i^ in.) broad, fleshy, thin, tough, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse, even, moist, smooth in itself, but when young
covered with shining whitish, adpressed, silky, at length separating
'uillous down; margin acute, spreading, smooth ; flesh compact,
watery in wet weather. Stem scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm.
(3 lin.) thick, hollow, fleshy fibrous, but polished externally, some-
what cartilaginous, rooting at the attenuated solid base, twisted,
even, smooth. Gills rounded-free, crowded, thin, quite entire,
shining white.

Strong odour of new meal. Plainly different from A. albus, allied to A.
(Armill.} constrictzis, but from its somewhat cartilaginous stem inclining to
Collybice, just as A. albus does to Clitocybce.

In woods among leaves. Bowood, Wilts. Oct.

Name Xeuxo?, white, /ce^oA^, head. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 92. Hym. Eur. p.
71. Icon. t. 43. f. 2, not Krombh. B. & Br. n. 1505. C. Illust. PL 78.

** Gills changing colour.

114. A. acerbus Bull. Pileus becoming yellow-white, pale-
yellowish, then smeared with rufous or fuscous colour, fleshy,
convexo-expanded, smooth, moist, somewhat tiger-spotted, the
thin margin wrinkled-silicate. Stem solid, obese, becoming light-
yellow, squamulose at the apex. Gills emarginate, crowded,
pallid then rufescent.

Large, robust, with an unpleasant odour and bitter taste. The stem is com-
monly bulbous, but sometimes attenuated at the base.

In shady woods. Frequent. Aug.-Sept.

Margin of pileus involute. Flesh firm, snow-white. Stem squamulose or
roughened with small warts at the apex. Bull. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
broad. M.J.B. Spores 4 mk. W.G.S. Name acerbus, bitter. From the
taste. Bull. t. 571. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 71. Berk. Out. p. 105. C. Hbk.
n. 75. Illust. PL 76. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 70. Saund. & Sm. t. 48. /. 2.
Ventur. t. 38. /. 7, 8.

LEUCOSPORI. 6 1

115. A. militaris Lasch. Pileus 10-17.5 cer >t- (4-7 in.) broad, Trichoioma.
cinnamon, at first gibbous, white floccose at the involute margin,

then rather plane or depressed, compact, flexuous, rather smooth,
viscous, margin even. Stem 11 cent. (4^ in.) long, as much as
2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, squamulose, fibrillose, pallid, some-
what bulbous at the base, with thick radical fibrils. Gills emar-
ginate, somewhat crowded, whitish, at length livid-spotted, torn.

Odour and taste unpleasant. Commonly growing in rows or casspitose.

In woods. Glamis, 1874. Oct.

Name miles, a soldier. From its finer appearance as contrasted with A.
civilis, as A. equestris is a knight among plebeians. Lasch n. 490. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 71. B. & Br. n. 1506. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 71. C. Illust. PL 169.

116. A. civilis Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, becoming
pale yellowish, not changing colour, disc darker, never streaked,
truly fleshy, very soft and fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, even,
very smooth, moist, almost viscid, with a separable pellicle j flesh
spongy, whitish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, solid, in-
ternally soft, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened base,

fibrillose or squamulose, whitish. Gills deeply emarginate, almost
free, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, very soft, white then becoming
yellow, or rather becoming pale, unspotted.

Inodorous. Among the Tricholomata there is no species to which it is
rightly allied. The structure is wholly that of A. (Am.} lenticularis, so that at
first sight it might seem to be a ringless form of that species.

On the ground. Epping. Oct.

Fries notes that the gills are only accidentally spotted, i.e., when injured by
insects or otherwise. Name cims, a citizen. Contrasted with A. militaris.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 71. Icon. t. 42. f. i. A. militaris Monogr. i. p. 90. B.
& Br. n. 1507.

117. A. personatus Fr. Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad,
livid-flesh-colour, c., very fleshy and thick, hemispherical then
convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length also repand,
even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry, the mar-
gin, which exceeds the gills, at first involute and villoso-prmnosej
flesh at first compact, then spongy-soft, whitish. Stem in the
typical form 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid,
firm, spongy within, almost of the same colour, more or less bul-
bous, becoming violet, wholly pulverulent with white villous down
when young then squamulose; often very short, and not bulbous.
Gills rounded then free, crowded, broad, violaceous then flesh-
coloured or whitish, or fuscous when old.

62 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Solitary or gregarious, scarcely csespitose. Stature always robust, obese, but
colour very changeable and variable. A. pileus cinereus, Sow. B. pileus
lilac Fr. C. pileus and gills white, stem violaceous Berk. In a very obese
form it has been found becoming wholly cinereous-livid. In late autumn taller,
becoming wholly fuscous, with a sulcate, fibrillose stem -as much as 10 cent. (4
in.) long, and very broad gills.

In woods and pastures. Common. Oct.-Nov.

Sometimes confounded carelessly with Cortinarius violaceus. It is some-
times difficult to distinguish brightly coloured specimens from A. nudus.
M.J.B. Edible. Known in England by the name of " Blewitts," which Bad-
ham conjectures means " Blue-hats." It is excellent when gathered in dry
weather. When wet it absorbs too much moisture. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid,
11x6 mk. K.; 8x4 mk. B.; 5 x 4 IV. G.S.; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name persona,
a mask. From the margin of the pileus and stem as compared with A. nudus.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 72. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 57. Berk. Out.
p. 105. t. 5. f. i (var. anserina). S. Mycol. Scot. n. 72. Gonn. & Rab. t.
16. Hussey ii. t. 40. Badh. i. t. 8./. i. ii. t. i.f. 2. C. Illust. PL 66. Le-
pista personata C. Hbk. n. 546. A. violaceus Sow. t. 209. Fl. Dan. t. 1133.
Bolt. t. 147. A. hepaticus Weinm. Paul. t. 91. f. 1-4. Buxb. C. 4. t. ii.

118. A. nudus Bull. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be-
coming purple-violaceous then changing colour, rufescent, fleshy,
comparatively thin, convexo-plane then depressed, obtuse, even,
smooth, with a pellicle which is moist and manifest in rainy
weather; margin inflexed, thin, naked ; flesh thin, pliant, coloured.
Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, stuffed,
elastic, equal, almost naked, mealy at the apex, violaceous then be-
coming pale. Gills rounded then decurrent (on account of the
depressed pileus), crowded, narrow, of the same colour as the
pileus or deeper violaceous, but soon changing colour, at length
rufescent without the least tinge of violet.

Always thinner than A. personatus, with a pleasant acid odour. Often
confounded with A. sordidus.

In woods, chiefly among pine. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Brighter coloured than A. personatus M.J.B. Not recommended as edible.
Spores 6-8x4 m k. B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name nudus, naked. Con-
trasted with A. personatus. Bull. t. 439. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 89. Hym. Eur.
p. 72. Berk. Otit. p. 105. t. 4. /. 7. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 73. Krombh. t. 71.
/. 27-29. Price t. 5. /. 35. Hoffm. Analyt. t. n. /. i. C. Illust. PL 67.
Var. major, PI. 133. Lepista personata C. Hbk. n. 544.

119. A. cinerascens Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more
broad, white then becoming cinereous or hoary, fleshy, convex then
flattened, obtuse or when young gibbous, orbicular, regular, even,
dry ; flesh white, compact at the disc, thin at the circumference.
Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) and more thick, solid,
internally spongy, the external wall fibrous and tough, hence
elastic, equal or slightly thickened at the base, smooth, naked,

LEUCOSPORI. 63

whitish ; flesh becoming fuscous. Gills easily separating from the Tricholoma.
hymenophore, rounded-free, crowded, broad, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.),
fragile, white then becoming cinereous, darker than the pileus.

Very various in stature. Gregarious. The stem is sheathed at the base in a
peculiar manner with the floccose, compact, white mycelium. It might perhaps
be regarded as a species of Paxillus, on account of the gills easily separating
from the hymenophore.

In woods. Frequent. Aug.

Smell rather disagreeable, pungent ; the stem, however, when broken smells
like new meal. B. & Br. Spores 5 mk. ll'.P. Name cinis, ashes. Be-
coming ash-colour. Bull. t. 428. /. 2. Fr. Afonogr. ii. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p.
73. Berk. Out. p. 106. B. &> Br. n. 787. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 74. Vivian
t. 20. C. Illust. PL 170. Lepista C. Hbk. n. 545.

120. A. panaeolus Fr. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
cinereous-fuliginous, variegated with grey-pruinose spots and often
guttate, fleshy, not thick, but firm, convex then becoming plane or
here and there depressed, obtuse, here and there repand and ex-
centric, even; flesh alike of the pileus and stem spongy, absorb-
ing moisture, 'white when dry, but the pileus by no means hygro-
phanous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, 12 mm.
(/4 in.) thick, solid, tough, clastic, externally fibrous, internally
spongy, smooth, naked, unpolished, whitish-grey. Gills emargi-
nate or rounded, at length somewhat decurrent when the pileus
is depressed, very crowded, quite entire, plane, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
white then grey or dingy rufescent.

Odour none. The spotting on the pileus gives it a marbled appearance.

In grassy places. Street, Somerset, &c. Autumn.

Spores 3x5 mk. IV. P. Name navaio\o<;, variegated. Fr. Mcmogr. i. p. 87.
Hym. Eur. p. 73. Icon. t. 36. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 97.

121. A. duracinus Cke. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) diameter, cin-
ereous, fleshy, compact, firm, convex, broadly umbonate, dry,
smooth, shining, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long,
attenuated upwards, 3 cent. (i# in.) thick at the base, nearly 2.5
cent, (i in.) at the apex, solid, striate below, reticulate squamose
above, rather paler than the pileus ; flesh nearly white. Gills
narrow, little more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, emargi-
nate, arcuate, cinereous.

Fleshy disc nearly an inch thick. Whole fungus cinereous and firm. Allied
to A. tigrinus Fr.

On the ground under cedar. Kew, 1883. Oct.
Name durus, hard, acinus, berry. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41.

64 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. VII. HYGROPHANA.

* Gills whitish unspotted.

122. A. grammopodius Bull. Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad,
pallid-livid or fuscous-rufous when moist, whitish when dry,
fleshy, very thin towards the margin, campanulate then convex, and
at length flattened, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, pellicle
moist in rainy weather, not viscous, separating; flesh-coloured
when moist, white when dry, soft, fragile. Stem tall, about
7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, solid,
elastic, equal with exception of the thickened base, cylindrical,
firm, smooth, evidently\longitudinally silicate, whitish. Gills ar-
cuato-adnate, or broadly horizontally emarginate, acute at both
ends, very crowded, quite entire, very many shorter, somewhat
branched behind, white.

Odour mouldy. Striking in appearance ; the chief of this group. There is
a variety wholly white.

In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. June-Oct.

Stem streaked with same colour as the pileus, and white-villous at the base.
Name ypa/a/x^, a line, rrous, a foot. From the stem being marked with lines.
Bull. t. 548, 585. f. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 92. Hym. Eur. p. 74. Berk. Out.
p. 106. C. Hbk. n. 76. Illust. PL 98. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 75. Hussey ii. /.
41.

123. A. melaleucus Pers. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad,
commonly becoming black-fuliginous when moist, then fuscous-
livid, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, soft, convex then flattened,
obsoletely umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh soft, white, not hygroph-
anous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm (2-3 lin.) thick,
stuffed then hollow, rigid-fragile, elastic when young, somewhat
thickened at the base, naked (not pulverulent), but fibrilloso-
striate, whitish, with darker striae. Gills emarginato-adnexed,
crowded, horizontal straight, broad, more or less ventricose, quite
entire, white.

Very protean and changeable in colour. The gills are not arcuato-scythe-
shaped as in A. arcuatus, and the flesh does not become yellow as in that
species. It varies with the gills becoming yellow. It must be carefully dis-
tinguished chiefly from A. oreinus.

On grassy ground. Uncommon. Sept.

Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6-8 x 4-5 mk. K. Name jueAas, black, A.eu*6?,
white. Pers. Sy?t. p. 355. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 93. Hym. Eur. p. 74. Icon. t.
44. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. n. 77. Jllust. PL 119. A. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 76. Bzixb. C. iv. t. 12. f. 2.

* A. porphyroleucus Bull. Firmer ; pileus fleshy, fuliginous

LEUCOSPORI. 65

or fuscous then rufescent, with a darker and vanishing umbo ; Tricholoma.
stem solid, somewhat fibrillose, sometimes elongated, sometimes
curt ; gills white.

Coed Coch, 1881. Bull. t. 443, the rufescent figures with smooth stem.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 75. B. 6 s Br. n. 1928, the long-stemmed form. C. Illust.
PL 119. B.

124. A. brevipes Bull. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
umber then becoming pale, fleshy, soft, convex then becoming plane,
even, smooth, moist (opaque when dry) ; flesh of the pileus be-
coming fuscous when moist, becoming white when dry. Stem
solid, very rigid, at length fibrous, pruinate at the apex, exter?ially
and internally fuscous ; otherwise very variable, sometimes very
short, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) only long and thick, attenuated down-
wards ; commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.), sometimes bulbous, sometimes
equal, more slender. Gills emarginato-free, crowded, ventricose,
disappearing short of the margin, quite entire, becoming fuscous
then whitish.

Solitary. Inodorous. The pileus is often stained with soil. Nearer to
A. arcuatus than to A. humilis. The affinity between A. arcuatiis, A. pance-
olus, A. grammopodius, A. melaleucus, and A. humilis, is greater than be-
tween other species of Tricholomata.

In open woods, fields, &c. Uncommon. June-Oct.

Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ; 8 x 5 mk. W.P. ; 8-iox5~6mk. B. Name
brevis, short, pcs, a foot. Short-stemmed. Bull. t. 521. f. 2 (young). Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 94. Hym. Eur. p. 75. B. & Br. n. 1195. C. Hbk. n. 78.
Illust. PL 68. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 77. Paul. Ch. t. 44.7. i, 2. Fl. Bat. t.
1095. Klotsch. FL Bar. t. 374. Buxb. C. iv. /. 31.7. i.

125. A. humilis Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous-
cinereous, c., fleshy, convex then soon flattened, somewhat re-
pand, sometimes umbonate, even, smooth, sometimes depressed,
the thin margin exceeding the gills; flesh soft, becoming cinere-
ous when moist, whitish. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, about
12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed, at length also hollow, soft, fragile,
somewhat equal, wholly pulverule?ito-villous, becoming cinereous-
whitish. Gills rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and
occasionally arcuato-decurrent, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
whitish.

The pileus changes colour with the moisture of the atmosphere and with
age, blackish, fuscous, livid, pallid. In dry weather it is sometimes sprinkled
.with thin white dust (the remains of the veil). Allied to A. brevipes, but the
stem is thinner, longer, and softer. Protean, gregarious, often caespitose
(A. brevipes always solitary). A very fragile variety occurs with the pileus
paler, the stem longer hollow and fibrillose, and the gills narrower.

In open woods, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

E

66 AGARICUS.

Tricholoma. Spores ellipsoid-sphasroid, 7-8 x 5-6 mk. K. Name humilis, low.
Dwarf in -stature. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Berk. Out. p.
1 06. C. Hbk. n. 79. Illnst. PI. 99, 263 A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 78. Buxb.
Cent. iv. /. 32. A. blandus Berk. Eng. Fl. p. 20. Var. blandus C. Illust.
PI. 263. B.

126. A. exscissus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse-
colour or fuscous-cinereous, not changing colour when dry, but
shining, slightly fleshy, campanulate when young, soon plane, with
a prominent umbo, even, smooth ; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-5
cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid, thin, wholly
equal, polished, very smooth, slightly shining, shining white.
Gills emarginate, crowded, linear, not beyond 2 mm. (i lin.)
broad, shining white.

Very regular, in dry weather sprinkled with the pulverulent veil, but never
silky. Very closely allied to A. humilis, &c. , although by habit and thinness
it appears at first sight to be widely removed from them.

In pastures, &c. Cromer, 1882. May.

Name excindo, to tear out. Perhaps in the same sense as excisus. Of
the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Icon. t. 44. f. 2. C. Ilhist.
PL 171.

127. A. subpulverulentus Pers. Pileus about 4 cent. (i l / 2 in.)
broad, becoming livid when fresh, fleshy, convex then plane or
depressed, even, with innate pruinose dew, becoming hoary white,
the slight margin, which exceeds the gills, inflexed. Stem 5 cent.
(2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, smooth, somewhat
striate, here and there ascending, under a lens obsoletely pruinate
at the apex. Gills rounded (without a tooth), crowded, narrow,
white.

Firm ; flesh hygrophanous. The pileus is not occasionally pulverulent as in
previous species, though it becomes hoary with innate pruina.

In pastures and woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Spores 3X4mk. W.G.S.; pruniform, granular, 8x9 mk. Q. Name szib t
and pulvis, dust. Somewhat powdered. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 221. Hym.
Eur. p. 76. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 80. Illust. PL 219. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 79. Hussey ii. /. 39.

** Gills becoming violet, grey, fuliginous.

128. A. sordidus Fr. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, livid-
lilac becoming 2//0/<?/-fuscous or violet-flesh-colour when young,
changing colour when old, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex
then plane or depressed, somewhat umbonate, smooth ; margin
when full grown slightly striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long;
6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, pliant, commonly thickened

LEUCOSPORI. 67

at the base, somewhat incurved, fibrilloso-striate, of the same THchoioma
colour as the pileus. Gills at first rounded, then sinuato-decur-
rent, somewhat crowded, at lengtli distant, violaceous then becom-
ing P a ^ e or fuliginous.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough. Inodorous. Pileus when old
undulated, often excentric. When old the whole plant is dirty, becoming
fuscous, and pale when dry. For a long time overlooked for a form of A.
nudus, but very different, much smaller, thinner, &c.

On dung, &c. Great Elm, Somerset, 1866, c. July-Sept.

Spores ellipsoid, 7-9 x 4 mk. K.; pale ferruginous, 8 mk. D. & Br. Name
sordidus, dirty. Squalid in appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 96. Hym. Eur.
p. 77. Icon. t. 45. /.i. B. & Br. n. 1196. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 80. Fl.
Dan. t. 1843. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 100. Buxb. C. iv. t. 12. /. i.

129. A. psedidus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (>< in.) broad, mouse-
fuliginous opaque, scarcely becoming pale, somewhat fleshy,

flaccid, campanulate then convex and flattened, umbonate, at
length depressed round tJic conico-prominent umbo, moist, streaked
'with innate fibrils radiating from the centre, becoming even how-
ever, margin naked ; flesh very thin, very tough, becoming white.
Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, externally
somewhat cartilaginous, internally fibrous, slightly bulbous at the
base, tough, somewhat striate, naked, dingy-grey. Gills somewhat
sinuate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, whitish
then grey.

Inodorous. Allied to A. sordidus in its small stature, tough substance, and
dingy colours, which, however, never incline to violaceous.

In grassy places in woods. Abergavenny, c. Aug.

Name pcedidus, nasty. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 96. Hym. Eur. p. 77. Icon,
t. 46. /. i. B. &> Br. n. 1405. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 81. C. Illust. PL 120
upper fig.

130. A. lixivius Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinere-
ous-fuscous when moist, umber, slightly fleshy, convex then plane,
umbonate (umbo vanishing), never depressed, even, smooth, with
a flattened, membranaceous, at length slightly striate margin;
sometimes sinuous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)
thick, and in becoming compressed so much broader, stuffed then
hollow, often flexuous, fragile, cinereous, at first white-floccoso-
pruinose. Gills rounded-adnexed, at first sight free, distant, soft,
6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from the stem

towards the margin, grey.

,

Gills truncato-free. The habit is that of A. orbiformis, but the pileus is
darker, umber, not streaked. Stem wholly fibrous, very soft.

68

AGARICUS.

Trichoioma. In pine woods. Ascot, 1865. Nov.

Name lix, ashes; lixivium, lye, a mixture of ashes and water. Of the
colour of lye. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 97. Hym. Eur. p. 77. Icon. t. 45. f. 2.
B. 6- Br. n. 1197, 1840*. C. Illust. PL 120. Sozo. t. 66?

131. A. putidus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, some-
what olivaceous-grey, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, slightly
fleshy, hemispherical, umbonate, soft, even, at the straight margin
as well, but occasionally sprinkled with white silkiness. Stem
4 cent. (i>2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, somewhat
compressed, soft, somewhat fragile, somewhat striate, grey, covered
with a very thin white pruina, which can be rubbed off. Gills
apparently free, but slightly aclnexed in the top of the cone,
crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereous.

A remarkable species. Odour strong, rancid, of new meal. Allied to the
rancid Collybiee in habit and odour, but the stem is soft, wholly fibrous, by no
means cartilaginous.

In fir woods. Jedburgh, &c. Oct.-Nov.

Name putidus, stinking, disgusting. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 98. Hym. Eur.
p. 78. Icon. t. 46. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1198. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 82. C.
Illust. PL 172.

Clitocyie. Subgemts V. CLITOCYBE (/cAiVos, a steep or declivity, Kvftrj,
head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. 78 (Sub-tribe I). Universal veil, when pres-
ent, conspicuous on the pileus like
frost or silky dew, but commonly obso-
lete. Stem with a spongy stuffing, apt
to become hollow, somewhat elastic,
externally more compact and fibrous.
Margin of the pileus involute. Hy-
menophore quite continuous, owing
to the apex of the stem being dilated ;
gills attenuated behind, acute, adnate
or decurrent, never sinuate. Growing
on the ground, fleshy but comparative-
ly tough, for the most part piano-de-
pressed or infundibuliform. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 78.

The thinner and hygrophanous
species are late, and stand low tem-
perature. Many are remarkable for their fragrance. Very few
are edible.

VI. Agarici(s (Clitocybe) nebularis.
One-fifth natural size.

LEUCOSPORI. 69

Series A. Pileus fleshy, not changing colour, or (only) turning pale, but Clitocybe.
not hygrophanous. Flesh firm, not watery, and not scissile into plates. Those
which turn pale in dying differ from Series B. by their silky lustre.

I. Disciformes (disc-shaped). Pileus more or less equally fleshy, convex
then plane or depressed, regular, obtuse ; gills at the first adnate or regularly
adnato-decurrent. Normally solitary.

* Pileus cinereous or fuscous.
** Pileus violaceous, rufescent.
*** Pileus becoming yellow.
**** Pileus green, becoming pale.

Colour white, shining "whitish. Cautiously distinguish whitened
hygrophanous species and white Paxilli.

II. Difformes (irregularly shaped). Pileus with fleshy disc and thin margin,
at the first umbonate, then expanded and depressed, irregular. Gills -unequally
decurrent, running down in one place for a short and in another for a longer
distance, sometimes even rounded on one side of the stem or only reaching it,
as in the Tricholomata. Stem externally somewhat cartilaginous but fibrous.
Ccespitose, often connate and very various in form, but sometimes solitarv.

III. Infundibuliformes (funnel-shaped). Pileus attenuated from the fleshy
disc towards the margin, at length wholly funnel-shaped or deeply umbilicato-
depressed in the centre. Stem spongy with a fibrous outer coat. Gills descend-
ing, at tfie first deeply and equally decurrent. Pileus often losing colour or
becoming pale, but not hygrophanous.

* Pileus coloured or becoming pale, the surface (at least under a lens) innate-
fiocciilose or silky, bibulous, not moist.

** Pileus coloured or pallid, smooth, moist (in rainy weather). Variable
in colour and stature (the pileus being undulato - lobed is a point of no
consequence).

*** Pileus shining whitish, sprinkled over with small superficial fiocci or
becoming smooth.

Series B. Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous. Flesh thin,
soft, watery, hygrophanous. (ll'hite species, u'/iic/i only become more shining
white when dry, have been inserted among the foregoing.}

IV. Cyathiformes (cup-shaped). Pileus fieshy-mcmbranaceous (composed of
'two membranaceous plates), without a compact disc, hygrophanous as well as the
fiesh, depressed then cup-shaped ; gills at first adnate, then decurrent, descend-
ing, straight. Colour dingy when moist. Compare Omphalia, Hydrogrammi.

V. Orbiformes (round-shaped). Pileus somewhat fieshy, moist within and
without, hygrophanous, convex then becoming plane or depressed, polished, not
squamulose or mealy ; gills plane, horizontal, thin, crowded, adnate or only
decurrent with a small tooth. Colour dingy or becoming watery-pale. Most of
the species are of a low rank, and are recognisable with difficulty and only in
rainy weather, on acco^^nt of the changeableness of their colour, and the indis-
tinctness of their characteristic marks.

* Gills becoming cinereous. Pileus at the first dark.
** Gills whitish. Pileus becoming pale.

VI. Versiformes (variable in shape). Pileus thin, convex then irregularly
shaped, tough, more or less squamulose or furfuraceous ; gills adnate (not
decurrent or only with a small tooth), broad, rather thick, for the most part
distant and powdered with white meal. Colour hygrophanous. Stem tough,
sometimes with a veil. The species are all very distinguished, as they differ
exceedingly in stature and form and colour.

* Pileus dirty-coloured or made dusky with darker squamules.
** Pileus bright, of one colour.

70 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. SERIES A.

I. DlSCI FORMES.

* Pileus cinereous or fuscous.

132. A. nebularis Batsch. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
fuliginous or fuscous, at length grey, fleshy, somewhat compact,
convex then becoming plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at
the disc, dry; at the first (in dry weather) covered over with a
grey, pruinose cloudiness, but when full grown and in wet weather
quite naked, smooth (more rarely innately streaked or shining
when scorched by the sun) ; flesh compact, white. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, remarkablyy^/y,
at first solid, but soft within and at length occasionally hollow,
spongy-elastic, attenuated upwards (obclavate), fibrillose-striate,
white. Gills shortly and equally decurrent, arcuate, very crowded,
thin, pallid white, sometimes becoming yellow.

Robust, laxly gregarious, slightly odorous. The pileus may be even white
like the flesh. The stem varies, curt, equal, also villous and squamulose. It
may be easily interchanged with a form of A, humilis with spuriously de-
current gills which is thinner and more fragile.

In woods, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 3-5x3 mk. B. Margin of pileus at first invol-
ute, sometimes quite regular, sometimes waved. It smells of curd cheese.
Edible ; very good ; with a somewhat pungent taste. Name nebula, a
cloud. From the clouded pileus. Batsch f. 193 (var. minor). Fr. Monogr. i. p.
100. Hym. Eur. p. 79. Sverig. at I. Sv. t. 45. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. u.
81. Illust. PI. 79. S. Mycol. Scot. n, 83. Fl. Dan. t. 1734. Hussey ii. t.
9. Bad/i. i. /. 9; ii. /. ^.f. 2. A. pileolaris Bull. t. 400. {Paul. Ch. t. 79.

f. 1-5. A. murinaceus Gonn. fir 3 Rab. t. 10. f. 2? not Bull, or Fr.] B. gills
yellow. A. turgidus Grev. t. 9. A. canaliculatus Schum. -Fl. Dan. t. 1844.

f. 2, a monstrous form.

133. A. clavipes Pers. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) and more
broad, sometimes of one colour, fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous-
livid, sometimes whitish round the margin, very rarely wholly
white, fleshy, slightly convex, soon plane, at length almost obconi-
cal, very obtuse, even, smooth, dry ; flesh lax, white, thin towards
the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, conical, 12 mm. (}4 in.)
and more thick at the base, solid, internally spongy, somewhat

Jibrillose, fuliginous-livid. Gills deeply decurrent, descending in a
straight line, somewhat distant, flaccid, quite entire, broad, wholly
and persistently white, but varying yellow.

Of the same colour as A. nebularis, but most distinct in its nature.
Odour mild, pleasant. Substance wholly soft, elastic.

LEUCOSPORI. 71

In woods, chiefly spruce fir. Common. Aug.-Nov. Clitocybe.

Spores subellipsoid, uniguttate, 5-7x3-4 mk. A'.; 6x8 mk. W.G.S.
Name clava, a club ; pes, a foot. Stem club-shaped. Pers. Syn. p. 353.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. TOO. Hym. Eur. p. 79. Icon. t. 47. f. i. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 84. C. Illust. PL 80. Saund. &* Sm. t. 31. A. mollis Bolt. t. 40
(badly coloured). B. with yellow gills.

134. A. gangraenosus Fr. Pileus whitish, occasionally green,
becoming livid, &c., fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, at the first white-
pulverulent, then naked, variegated or streaked. Stem solid,
spongy, somewhat bulbous, soft, striate, curved, sometimes ex-
centric. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, crowded, dingy-
white.

Large ; stinking ; flesh becoming black or variegated with black.
In woods. Rare.

"^2ao&gangreBna, ulcer, gangrene. From its appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 80. Smith Jour. Dot. (1873), 355. Batt. t. 20. /. J/.

135. A. inornatus Sow. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some-
what livid, fleshy, plane or depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, 'with
a separable pellicle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.)
and more thick, solid, somewhat equal, smooth, firm, grey. Gills
adnate, plane, at length decurrent, crowded, grey.

Flesh grey or variegated grey. Odour almost that of A. campestris.
Among grass in woods. Rare.

The separable cuticle indicates A. grammopodins, but the gills are not in
the least arcuato-adnate. M.J.B. Spores pruniform 10 mk. Q. Name
inoniatus, unadorned. Sow. t. 342. />-. Hvm. Eur. p. 80. Illust. PI.
246. a. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n. 82. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 85.

136. A. hirneolus Fr. Pileus scarcely 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad,
hoary, slightly fleshy, plano-convex, at length depressed in the
centre and umbilicate, very even, slightly shining, when fresh as
if slightly viscid, the cuticle as if with a glued silkiness, the invol-
ute margin very thin ; flesh white. Stem as much as 5 cent.
(2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, not cartilaginous
however, but elastic, internally flocculose-stuffed, equal, flexuous,
grey, smooth, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills somewhat decur-
rent, crowded, thin, rather broad, whitish-grey.

Gregarious, arid, tough, forming with A. (Trick.) ccelatus and A. (Clit.)
parilis a peculiar group, distinct in having the spores cinereous-whitish. Over-
looked or referred to Omphalia on account of its minuteness.

72 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. Among moss. Coed Coch, 1877. Oct.

Spores 5x3 mk. IV. P. Name diminutive, hirnea, a jug. Shaped like a
small jug. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 103. Hym. Eur. p. 82. Icon. t. 48. f. 3. B. &
Br. n. 1841. C. Illust. PL 246. Qnel. Jur. t. 3. /. 2.

** Pileus violaceous, rufescent.

137. A. cyanophseus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,
becoming azure-blue-fuscous, compact, convex then plane, ob-
tuse, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick
at the base, attenuated upwards, robust, solid, smooth, becoming
azure-blue when young, abruptly white at the apex:. Gills deeply
decurrent, crowded, violaceous, then becoming pale.

An elegant species, clearly distinct from A. nudus.

Var. Pengellei, minor, B. & Er. The abrupt white apex of the stem is very
remarkable. Cornwall. Name after T. W. Pengelly. B. <5^ Br.

Name KV'WO?, blue ; <<u'os, dusky. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 82. Var. Pengellei
B. & Br. ?i. 1993. C. Illust. PL 264. A. nudus Harz. t. 30. Gonn. &
Rab. t. 17.7. i.

138. A. amarus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rufes-
cent or becoming fuscous, then becoming pale, whitish, fleshy,
pliant, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, at first fibrilloso-silky, then
becoming smooth, rivulose, margin at first involute, thin ; flesh
compact but not thick, white, Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12
mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed, tough, firm, equal, fibrillose when young,
becoming smooth when more full-grown, but more or less white-
tomentose at the base, -white. Gills adnato-decurrent, crowded,
thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, quite entire, becoming pale white.

Odour peculiar, taste -very bitter. A well-defined species, but deceitful on
account of the changeable colour of the pileus. It has been noticed rufous-
fuscous and whitish-fuscous, paler round the margin. The pileus is often
unequal and repand, unpolished under a lens.

In woody places. Holm Lacy, 1878, &c.

Spores 4 mk. W.P. Name amarus, bitter. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 107. Hym.
Eur. p. 83. B. & Br. n. 1842. C. Illust. PL 134.

139. A. socialis Fr. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale-
yellowish with a reddish tinge, fleshy, convex then expanded,
acutely umbonate especially when young, even, smooth, dry ; flesh
moderately thin, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
or a little more thick, solid, fibrous, commonly ascending, smooth,
reddish, the rooting base hairy. Gills plano-decurrent, scarcely
crowded, becoming yellow.

LEUCOSPORI. 73

A very pretty species, densely gregarious, inodorous. The stem is sheathed- Clitocybe.
hairy at the base like Marasmius peronatus. Its greatest affinity is with A.
vernicosus, of which it is perhaps a variety.

Among fir-leaves. Doxvnton, Hereford, 1876. Oct.

Name socius, a companion. From its gregarious habit. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 83. Icon. t. 49. /. 2, descr. B. & Br. n. 1637. C. Illust. PI. 134. B.

*** P ileus becoming yellow.

140. A. amarella Pers. - - Pileus pale-yellowish or pallid
fa\vn-colour, fleshy, plane, firm, somewhat umbonate, smooth.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, compact,
tough, equal, white-villous at the base. Gills somewhat decur-
rent, crowded, pallid, somewhat shining, here and there dichoto-
mous.

Odour strong; taste very bitter. The gills are paler than the pileus, some-
what grey.

In woods. Coed Coch, 1876. Oct.

Smell that of prussic acid. B. & Br. Name diminutive, amctriis, bitter.
Bitter is/i. Pers. Alyc. Eur. p. 99. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 84. B. &" Br. n.
1683.

141. A. vernicosus Fr. --Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
shining pale-yellowish, fleshy, convex then flattened or piano-
depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, involute at the margin; flesh
firm, whitish. Stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-i/^ in.) long, about 6 mm. (3
lin.) thick, stuffed, firm, tough, equal, even, smooth, yellow. Gills
adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind, somewhat distant,
light yellow.

Odour none. It can only be compared with A. (Trick.) cerinus, but it is
very easily distinguished by its shining pileus, smooth stem, and especially
gills, which are truly decurrent (not sinuate), and not crowded. B. pileus
somewhat infundibuliform, and hence the gills deeply decurrent. A. flavidus
Sow. t. 366.

In fir wood. Rare.

Name vernis, varnish. From its shining appearance. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 105. Hym. Eur. p. 84. Icon. t. 50. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk.
n. 83. Illust. PL 765 after Sow.

142. A. venustissimus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - C 1 " 2 in -) broad,
splendid orange-reddish, but becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex
then expanded, obtuse or somewhat umbilicate, becoming slightly
silky-even, sometimes even at the margin, sometimes (always when
larger) striate and remarkably crenate or toothed in a crisped
manner; flesh of the same colour. Stem 4 cent. (\y z in.) long,

74 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, smooth, red-
dish, commonly white-villous at the base. Gills truly decurrent,
slightly distant, 3 mm. (i}4 lin.) broad, somewhat arcuate, glitter-
ing orange and reddish.

Odour none. The colours of the plant in its full vigour are so splendid and
intense, glittering between red and orange, that the art of painting cannot
produce a proper combination of colours to represent it. They become pale
when the plant is old and dry, and pass into light yellowish.

Among larch-leaves. Penicuik.

Name venustus, beautiful. Most beautiful. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 289. Hym.
Eur. p. 84. Icon. t. 50. f. 2. C. Illust. PI. 265.

143. A. subalutaceus Batsch. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - C 1 " 2 m -)
broad, becoming pale-tan, at length becoming pale, whitish, fleshy,
soft, tough, convex then flattened, obsoletely umbonate or de-
pressed, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3
lin.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, equal or slightly
thickened and here and there curved-ascending at the base, naked,
becoming pale straw-colour. Gills adnate, then somewhat decur-
rent, distant, broad, simple, pallid.

Odour, like that of A. odorus, of anise, but weaker, sometimes obsolete. Its
stature is that of A. venustissimus, but firmer and with a longer stem.

Under holly. Oxton Exeter, 1875. Nov.

Smell like that of A. putidus and A. rancidus, peculiar. B. & Br. Name
sub, and aluta, soft leather dressed with alum. Somewhat of the colour of
tanned leather. Batsch f. 194. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 107. Hym. Eiir. p. 85. B.
er 1 Br. n. 1509.

*### piieus green, becoming pale.

144. A. odorus Bull Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, greenish,
fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, regu-
lar or repand, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, the margin,
which is at first inflexed, pubescent ; flesh not thick, dingy white.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick,
stuffed, rarely equal, sometimes shorter, firmer, and somewhat bul-
bous, sometimes longer and more slender (not thickened at the
base), flexuous, at first flocculoso-fibrillose, soon naked, commonly
white villous at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly distant ,
broad (broader than the flesh of the pileus), quite entire, commonly
paler than the pileus.

Tough ; changeable in stature, -varying in colour between pallid green and
verdigris-grey, commonly of one colour, sometimes, however, the gills are white;
otherwise very easily distinguished by its pleasant odour of anise, chiefly when
dried ; sometimes somewhat caespitose.

LEUCOSPORI. 75

In woods. Common. Aug.-Xov. Clitocybe.

Edible. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 6x5 mk. A'.; 8x4 mk. B.; 6 mk.

W. G.S. Name odorus, fragrant. Bull. t. 556. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 106.

Hym. Eur. p. 85. Svcrig. dtl. Sv. t. 85. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n.

84. Illust. PI. 101. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 86. Sow. t. 42. Grev. t. 28. Fl.
Dan. t. 1611. Krombh. t. 67. /. 20-22.

145. A. Trogii Fr. Pileus becoming cinereous wJiite, fleshy,
coinpact, convex then expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. Stem
solid, firm, curt, thickened and villous at the base, white. Gills
somewhat decurrent, crowded, white.

Very fragrant. Certainly distinct from A. odorus in its compact flesh and
robust stature.

In woods. Coed Coch, c. Sept.

About the same size as A. odorus. Name after Trog. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.

85. TrogHelv. p. 14. B. &> Br. >i. 1846. 5. Mycol. Scot. Sup'p. Scot. Nat.
1883, p. 29. C. Illust. PI. 102.

146. A. rivulosus Pers. Pileus at first inclining to flesh-colour,
becoming white when dry and older, sometimes becoming fuscous,
fleshy, somewhat thin, convexo-plane then depressed, never umbo-
nate ; when young moderately regular, 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 m -) broad,
at length 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, repand, undulato-lobed,
sprinkled with very delicate and closely adpressed and evened,
at length truly rimoso-rii'ulosc, wJiitisJi villous down; margin at
first involute, villous ; flesh compact, white. Stem. 2.5-5 cent.
(1-2 in.) long, about 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed 'with a spongy
pith, at length also hollow, tough, clastic, equal, somewhat
fibrillose, becoming white. Gills obliquely acute behind, not
equally attenuated, aclnate then somewhat decurrent, broad, some-
what crowded, flesh-colour then becoming white.

Odour pleasant, taste mild. Sometimes solitary, sometimes caespitose.
Changeable in colour and size. It can be properly recognised only in rainy
weather. When caespitose it is larger, with undulato-lobed pileus, &c. , so
that it might be easily mistaken for var. difformis of A. cerussatus.

On lawn, among moss, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.

Var. neptuneus Batsch, on dry mountain-pastures near the sea. Llandulas.
B. 6" Br. Name -- rimts, a stream. From the rivulet-like streaks on the
pileus. Pers. Syn. p. 369. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 86.
B. & Br. n. 1734. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 87. C. Ilhtst. PL 200, upper fig.
Yar. neptuneus (Batsch F. 118), B. 6 Br. n. 1994. C. Illust. PI. 200,
lower fisr.

&

***** Colour white, shining whitish.

147. A. cerussatus Fr. Wholly white. Pileus 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) broad,_^6',y/y, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous,

76 AGARICUS.

Ciitocybe. even, smooth, but at the first floccoso-fibrillose, the involute margin
villous; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid,
fleshy-fibrous, elastic, thickened and more or less white-tomentose
at the base, naked upwards, even. Gills adnate, then slightly
decurrent, very crowded, thin, quite entire, narrow, never becom-
ing yellow.

Inodorous, taste mild. Often growing in troops. It differs from A. (Trich.)
albus in the gills never becoming yellow. Compare Bull. t. 118, different
from Hygrophorus eburneus in the crowded, very thin gills, and smooth stem.

In mixed or fir woods. Frequent. April-Oct.

Not umbonate as A. opacus. M.J.B. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Probably
edible. Name cerussa, white-lead. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 108. Hym. Eur. p.
86. Berk. Out. p. 108. B. & Br. n. 670. C. Hbk. n. 85. Illust. PL 121.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 88. Fl. Dan. t. 1796.

* A. difformis Schum. Caespitose, often gigantic ; pileus
undulato-lobed ; stem curt, sulcate or longitudinally wrinkled ;
gills at length pallid.

It varies with the pileus at first sprinkled with flocci, 5-17.5 cent. (2-7 in.)
broad in the same cluster, the stem of the larger specimens 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick and long. On rich ground. Spores 4x3 mk. B. Schum. p. 335. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 86. Monogr. i. /. 109. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885,
p. 21. Sterb. t. 1 6.

148. A. phyllophilus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad,
tan then becoming pale white (of the same colour when moist and
dry), fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, obtuse, but never truly
infundibuliform, often excentric and repand, without stria?,
sprinkled with very thin silky superficial villous down, and silky
towards the margin. Stem about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
elastic, externally fibrous, internally stuffed \vith a spongy pith
and hollow when this disappears, always tough, incurved (but not
bulbous) and villous at the base, white. Gills adnate, slightly
decurrent, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, scarcely crowded, at first
white, then becoming pale, almost tan-white.

Tough, by no means hygrophanous, odour scarcely remarkable. The stature
like that of A. pithyop'hilus, &c., varies exceedingly, sometimes small and
solitary, sometimes large and casspitose. Stem sometimes straight, sometimes
decumbent, sometimes smooth upwards.

In woods among leaves, chiefly beech. Common. Sept.-Oct.

Distinguished from A. cerussa tits by its umbilicate pileus, and the gills
changing at length to yellow. M.J.B. Spores 6x3 mk. W. G.S. ; 4-8x3-5.
mk. B. Name ^vAAov, a leaf ; </>iAo?, loving. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 109. Hym.
Eur. p. 87. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 86. Illust. PL 81. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 89. Fl. Dan. t. 1847.

LEUCOSPORI. 77

149. A. pithyophilus Seer. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, ciitocybe.
dead-white when moist, shining whitish when dry, fleshy but

////;/, rather plane, iimbilicate, at length irregularly shaped, repand
and undulato-lobed, even, smooth, flaccid, the margin slightly
striate when old. Stem somewhat hollow, rounded then com-
pressed, equal, even, smooth, obsoletely or scarcely pruinose at
the apex, white tomentose at the (not bulbous) base. Gills adnate,
somewhat decurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
broad, distinct, quite entire, white.

Odour not remarkable, but pleasant. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose ;
white indeed, but when moist watery and somewhat hygrophanous, in which it
evidently differs from A. phyllophilns. A. tuba, which appears in the same
places, is very like it.

In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 6-7 x 4 mk. />. Name irtVvs, pine; </K'A.O?, loving. Seer. n. ion.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. no. Hym. Eiir. p. 87. B. & Dr. n. 1107. C. Hbk. n. 87.
1 1 In st. PI. 103. a. S. My col. Scot. n. 90.

150. A. tornatus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( T ~ 2 in.) broad, wholly
white, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then becoming plane
at length depressed round tJie gibbous disc, absolutely dry, properly
smooth, but somewhat silky with a glued film, and at length
delicately rimoso-rivulose ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.)
long, 3-4 mm. (i/^- 2 ^ n -) thick, stuffed, tough and fibrous, equal
or attenuated downwards, round, smooth but unpolished, white,
the base pubescent. Gills horizontal, wholly adnate with only a
small decurrent tooth, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) a little
more broad.

Inodorous. It can be easily recognised among neighbouring species by its
small stature, and by its being remarkably rc^nlar\\\\.\\ a circinate pileus. The
pileus is here and there darker on the disc. The glued film on the pileus is
like that of A. rivulosus, to which it is allied, but from which it differs in its
thinness, its regular form, its pure white unchangeable colour, and its more
crowded gills. B. smaller, pileus smooth, gills somewhat crowded.

Among grass beside decayed elm-stumps. North Kilworth,
1870, &c. Oct.

Name torno, to turn in a lathe. Regular as if turned. Fr. Monogr. i.
/. no. Hym. Enr. p. 87. Icon. t. 41. f. i. B. 6 Br. n. 1200. C. Illust.
PI. 103.

151. A. candicans Pers. Wholly white. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, slightly
fleshy, convex then plane and depressed, umbilicate, sometimes
regular, sometimes a little excentric, even, shining with a super-
ficial-adpressed silky film. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4
mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous-waxy, polished, somewhat

78 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. fistulose, equal, even, smooth, shining, incurved rooting and villous
at the base. Gills at first adnate, then decurrent, crowded, very
thin, narrow, straight, almost linear.

The silky film on the pileus is like that of neighbouring species. Slightly
tough, approaching Omphalics in the nature of the stem. In fir woods there
is a remarkable form : pileus plane, not umbilicate, naked (without silky
villous down) ; stem thinner, flexuous, smooth at the base ; gills scarcely
decurrent.

In woods among leaves. Common. July-Nov.

Spores 4-6x4 mk. B. Name candico, to be shining white. Pers. Syn.
p. 456. Fr. Monogr. \. p. in. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Icon. t. 51. f. 3. Berk,
Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 88. Illust. PL 82. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 91.
Saund. & Sm. t. 39. /. i. Bull. 1. 575. /. E.

152. A. dealbatus Sow. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a
little more broad, white, slightly fleshy, tough, convex then plane
and at length revolute and undulated, always dry (not watery in
rainy weather), even, smooth, somewhat shining, but as if innately-
pruinose under a lens; flesh thin, arid, white. Stem 2.5 cent.
d in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, wholly fibrous, at length
also fistulose, equal, but often ascending, whitish, mealy at the
apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded, white.

Pileus sometimes orbicular, sometimes very repand. Odour weak, pleasant,
but not very remarkable. Most distinct from A. candicans in the nature of
the stem.

In woods and pastures. Common. July-Oct.

Edible. Its top is exceedingly like ivory. Its charming flavour is exceed-
ed by very few other fungi. Spores 4x2 mk. W.G.S. Name dealbo, to
whitewash. Sow. t. 123. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Berk.
Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 89. Illust. PL 104. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 92. Hogg
&" Johnst. t. 10. Var. minor, C. Illust. PI. 173.

153. A. gallinaceus Scop. Dingy white. Pileus 1-2.5 cent -
(%-i in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, not depressed,
obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, sprinkled with pruina; flesh white,
compact, though thin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, by
no means cartilaginous, equal, ascending or flexuous, excentric,
at the first flocculose-pruinose, always opaque and white. Gills
adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, plane.

Growing in troops. Its stature is almost that of A. dealbatus, but smaller,
opaque, dingy white with a somewhat acrid taste. The pileus is not revolute,
rather plane and always very obtuse.

In woods and pastures. Common. Autumn.

Distinguished from A. dealbatus by its opaque pileus and strong fungoid
smell. M.J.B. Namegaltina, a hen. Meaning not apparent. Scop.
Cam. p. 433. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 112. Hym. Ertr. p. 88. Berk. Out. p. 109.
C. Hbk. n. 90. Illust. PL 174. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 93. Hussey \. t. 39.

LEUCOSPORI. 79

II. DlFFORMES. Clitocybe.

154. A. decastes Fr. Pileus of one colour, mouse or livid
when moist, almost tan when dry, fleshy at the disc, otherwise
very thin, fragile, when flattened as broad as the palm of the
hand, gibbous or obtuse, even, smooth (not streaked) ; margin
wholly membranaceous, at the first shortly incurved, then ex-
panded, very much undulated and lobed ; flesh composed of two
easily scissile membranes, fragile, white. Stems solid, but soft,
externally and internally wholly fibrous, splitting up (not some-
what cartilaginous), united at the base, commonly attenuated or
curved-ascending, often compressed, smooth, commonly naked,
more rarely pruinose at the apex, each 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
2.5-4 cent. (\-\y> in.) thick, wholly white. Gills adnato-decur-
rent, or rounded, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.), broad, attenuated towards the
margin, sometimes somewhat crowded, sometimes slightly distant,
often undulated, and as if crenulated at the edge.

The disc is more compact only from the apex of the stem. Spores plentiful,
white, making the clusters mealy as in A. melleus. Odour not remarkable.
Very variable in size, very much infested by larvae, hence it becomes fragile.
The gills are rounded on one side as in the Tricholomata, not arcuate. In
oak and beech woods forming smaller clusters, about 10 stems joined together;
on naked soil however, in gardens and walks through plantations, forming
huge clusters a foot in diameter.

On sawdust. Coed Coch.

Agreeing closely with the figure of Fries in the ' Icones ' ; but we are doubt-
ful whether what we find is not an advanced stage of A. cryptarum. B. & Br.
Name fie/ca?, a decade, company of ten. From the stems being united in
bundles of about ten. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 116. Hym. Eur. p. go. Icon. t. 52.
B. & Br. n. 1845.

155. A. aggregatus Schaeff. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
broad, grey-livid then rufescent, fleshy, convex then expanded, at
the first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric, somewhat silky-
streaked. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, fibrous-
fleshy, thickened upwards, white rufescent, curved, compressed.
Gills unequally decurrent, crowded, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad,
flesh colour then becoming light yellow.

Very irregular. Stem very variable, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter ;
many united at the base, forming often very large and lax clusters. Spores
dingy white, sprinkled upon pilei which are near to each other, as in A. decas-
tes. Strong smelling. According to Secretan the pileus is marked with darker
spots. Easily distinguished from A. decastes, &c. by the flaccid, often excentric
pileus, by the somewhat fibrillose stem, and by \hegills being flesh colour to
light yellow. If it did not always grow on the ground, it might be easily referred
to Pleuroti ; its habit is almost that of A. ostreatus. It occurs smaller with
dingy gills.

So AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. July-Oct.

Name ad, and grego, to gather into a flock. Clustered. Schceff. t. 305,
306. Fr. Alonogr. \. p. 117. Hym. Eur. p. 90. B. &" Br. n. 1735. C. lllust.
PL 182.

156. A. elixus Sow. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fulig-
inous when moist, then becoming pale with a somewhat silky
habit, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then flattened or de-
pressed, umbonate, undulato-repand, becoming even but delicately
streaked; flesh dingy white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 12
mm. ()4 in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat equal, even, fuliginous-
whitish, velvety at the apex. Gills everywhere truly but unequally
decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, quater-
nate, pure white.

Gills almost obconical-decurrent. The only one of this group which is not
caespitose. The habit is that of Hygrophorus caprinus, but it is certainly dis-
tinct in the gills being thin, and in no wise at length waxy-soft.

In woods. Frequent. Oct.

Very bibulous, flesh soft. M.J.B. Name elixus, soaked. From its
sodden appearance. Sow. t. 172. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 114. Hym. Eur. p. 91.
Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 91. lllust. PL 280. S. My col. Scot. n. 94.

157. A. fumosus, Pers. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad,
becoming fuliginous-fuscous, soon livid, or grey when dry, truly
fleshy at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex then plane,
obtuse, or gibbous only when young, sometimes circinate and
regular, sometimes flexuous-undulated, even, smooth, somewhat
hygrophanous ; flesh hyaline when moist, whitish when dry.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-12 mm. (2-6 lin.) thick, solid or
stuffed, fibrous-fleshy, somewhat equal, but often twisted or
curved, smooth, dingy white, more or less white-mealy at the apex.
Gills in regular specimens adnate, in irregular ones in one place
decurrent and in another rounded, crowded, distinct, at the very
first grey -white.

Odour none. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough, somewhat cartila-
ginous. The colour of the pileus varies more or less dark ; pellicle adnate.
Easily distinguished from A. elixus, c., by its obtuse pileus, which is often
regular, but never streaked.

In woods. Uncommon. Oct.

Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. The densely caespitose form was formerly regarded
as a variety, polius ; it is figured by Saunders & Smith t. 13. Fries has
separated A. polius as a distinct species ; it is figured in Icones t. 48. f. i.
Berkeley now regards what was formerly called var. polius as merely a cosspi-
tose state of A. fumosus. A. polius Fr. Icon. t. 48. f. i. is an entirely different
plant. Name fumus, smoke. From its smoky colour. Pers. Syn. 348.

LEUCOSPORI. 8 1

Fr. Monogr. i. p. 115 (named A. nebiilaris by mistake). Hvm. Eur. p. 91. Clitocybe.
Icon. t. 54. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 92. Illust. PL 175. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 95.

158. A. tumulosus Kalchbr. Pileus timber, becoming pale,
fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth. Stem
solid, floccoso-pruinose, pallid. Gills slightly emarginate and
decurrent, crowded, white then becoming cinereous.

Csespitose. The type of the Difformes.

In woods. Hereford, 1871. Sept.

Spores 6-7 x 4 mk. B. Name tumulus, a mound. From the heaps
formed by its mode of growth. Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. p. 13. t. 5. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 91. C. Illust. PL 105.

159. A. cryptamm Letell. Pilei brown, spotted, somewhat
conical, depresso-flocculent. Stems narrowly fistulose, more or
less compressed, attenuated upwards, streaked, somewhat striate,

white. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, narrow, white.

Densely csespitose.

On sawdust. Coed Coch. Oct.

Habit that of A. tumulosus. Pilei varying much in size, according to the
denseness of the clusters. Inodorous, insipid ; stem mottled within. B. <r> Br.
Name crypta, a vault, cellar. Probably first found in a cellar. Letell.
B. & Br. n. 1844.

160. A. opacus With. White. Pileus fleshy, convex, expanded,
umbonate, repand, even, covered over with floccose lustre. Stem
stuffed, somewhat fibrillose, unequal, flexuous. Gills adnato-
decurrent, very crowded, white.

Sometimes connato-casspitose, sometimes single. Very much allied to A.
cerussatus.

In woods. Autumn.

Remarkable for the silvery glair with which it is clothed, which sometimes
admits of being rubbed off. M.J.B. Name opacus, opaque. With.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 93. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. n. 93. Illust. PL 176.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 96. Sow. t. 142.

III. INFUNDIBULIFORMES.
* Pileus coloured or becoming pale, &c.

161. A. maximus Fl. Wett. Pileus as much as 30 cent, (i ft.)
broad, becoming pale-tan or \\}\\\\s\\, fleshy, compact at the disc,
otherwise thin, somewhat flaccid (not fissile), broadly infundibuli-
form, gibbous with a central umbo, always very dry, the surface

F

82 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe becoming silky-even or squamulose ; margin involute, pubescent,
always even; flesh white, at length soft. Stem as much as 10 cent.
(4 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, compact, but internally
spongy, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, whitish. Gills
deeply decicrrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat crowded, soft,
simple, whitish, not changeable.

The pileus is always very dry because the surface absorbs moisture. Odour
weak, pleasant, almost that of A. infundibuliformis. On account of its gigan-
tic stature and colour, it has often been interchanged with A. giganteus Sow. ;
it is in no wise, however, allied to that species, but is so closely allied to A.
infundibuliformis that it might be taken for a very luxuriant form of it.

In grassy places, banks of hedges, c. Frequent. July-Oct.

Spores spheeroid-ellipsoid, 4-6x3-411^. K.; 5x3 mk. W.G.S.; 8x4 mk.
B. Name magnus, large. The largest of the section. FL Wett. p. 329.
Fr. Monogr. \. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 93. B. & Br. n. 1337. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 97. C. Illnst. PL 135. Buxb. Cent. 4. t. i. A. giganteus Leys. & Auct.
A. giganteus Sow. is a true Paxillus.

162. A. infundibuliformis Schasff. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3
in.) broad, flesh-colour then becoming pale tan, fleshy at the disc,
otherwise thin, when young moderately firm, convexo-depressed,
gibbous with an umbo, involute at the margin ; when fuller grown
softer, flaccid, wholly infundibuliform, on closer inspection silky
on the surface, hence bibulous, never moist ; flesh soft, white.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, spongy-
stuffed, externally firm, elastic, conico-attenuated, more rarely equal,
pallid, white-tomentose at the base. Gills very decurrent, some-
what crowded, very much pointed at each end, soft, shining white.

Stem often eroded by larvae and hollow. Odour, especially when damp,
weak but pleasant. The pileus varies in colour, passing from rufescent into
tan and white, but not white at the first.

In woods and grassy places. Common. July-Nov.

Spores 5-6x3-4 mk. B. Name infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, form.
Funnel-shaped. Schceff. t. 212. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 93.
Berk. Out. p. no. t. $.f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 96. Illust. PL 107. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 98.

* A. membranaceus Fr. differs in all its parts being thinner, in its equal
stem, in the pileus being without an umbo, and in its brighter colour. Earlier
than the typical A. infundibuliformis.

In fir woods and grassy places. Rare. Spores 7 mk. W.G.S. Name
membrana, a thin skin. From its structure. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 120. Hym. Eur.
p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 96. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 98. Fl. Dan. t. 1012. Saund. dr*
Sm. t. 39.7. 3, 4. Paul. t. 66. f. i.

163. A. trullaeformis Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous-
cinereous, unchangeable, fleshy, infundibuliform, the margin flat-
tened, always ob\.\ist,flocculoso-villous and hence always dry ; flesh

LEUCOSPORI. 83

equal, snow-white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, spongy-stuffed, Ciitocybe.
firm, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, cinereous, vil-
lous downwards. Gills truly decurrent, distant, connected by
veins, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, shining 'white.

Odour not remarkable. Approaching A. cyathiformis in the colour of the
pileus and stem, but very different in the snow-white flesh and in the colour
being by no means hygrophanous. The figure of Kalchbrenner (t. 6. f. i)
differs in its smaller stature, in the fistulose stem and plane pileus being much
thinner, and in the adnate gills.

On the border of fir wood. Coed Coch. Oct.

Spores ovoid-pruniform, finally punctate 6 mk. Q. Name trulla a ladle,
basin ; forma, form. Basin-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 121. Hym. Eur. p.
94. B. dr" Br. n. 1108. C. Hbk. n. 97.

164. A. incilis Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
ruddy -brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then infundibuliform,
even, silky-flocculose, but when young appearing smooth, obtuse,
the inflexed margin crenate. Stem curt, 12 mm. (^ in.) rarely
more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, or broader when compressed,
hollow, fibrous, tough, unequal, commonly attenuated down-
wards, brick colour, at first covered over with a very delicateyfoo
culose pruina which is easily rubbed off. Gills more or less decur-
rent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distant, reticulated witJi
veins or distinct, white, then becoming pale, but not yellow.

A changeable species. Odour sometimes mealy, sometimes obsolete. Not
moist and not at all hygrophanous. Abnormal in this series. There is a
smaller variety with the stem somewhat stuffed, becoming pallid fuscous-brick
colour, and the pileus irregular, eccentric, somewhat silky, becoming fuscous-
tan, becoming pale, the spreading margin undulato-crisped.

In woods. King's Lynn.

Name incilis, cut in, incised. From the crenate pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
121. Hym. Eur. p. 94. B. r Br. n. 1929. C. Illust. PL 281. a.

165. A. parilis Fr. Pileus 18 mm. (} in.) broad, fuscous then
grey-whitish, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, plane, de-
pressed at the disc, atomate or flocculose at the disc, without
striae; margin deflexed, involute. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, equal, even, smooth, naked, be-
coming fuscous- grey. Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, nar-
row, whitish-grey.

Abnormal in this series. Allied to A. (Trick.} ccelatus and A. (Clit.) hirneo-
lus. Its habit is that of Omphalice, but the stem is by no means cartilaginous.

By the sides of plantations. Coed Coch.

Spores ovoid, spotted, 7 mk. Q. Name -parilis, equal, perhaps symmetri-
cal. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 122. Hym. Eur. p. 95. Icon. t. 48. /. 6. B. & Br. n.
1 202.

84 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. ** Pileus coloured or pallid, &c.

166. A. gilvus Pers. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pale-
yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex then depressed, very obtuse, even,
smooth, dampish when fresh, polished and shining when dry,
here and there spotted as with drops, the margin remaining long
involute ; flesh compact, not laxly floccose, but at length fragile,
somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2
in.) and more long, 12 mm. (^2 in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy,
stout, not elastic, somewhat equal, smooth, paler than the pileus,
villous at the base. Gills decurrent, thin, very much crowded,
often branched, arcuate, narrow, pallid then ochraceous.

Odour not remarkable. The stem has been noticed at length also hollow,
perhaps eroded by larvae. It corresponds with the Paxilli. The primary
form, which is very different from all the rest, is curt, obese, robust, scarcely
ever infundibuliform. B. protracta (lengthened out), externally and internally
pallid-ochraceous, pileus somewhat thin, very broad (10-20 cent., 4-8 in.) and
infundibuliform, the somewhat thin stem elongated, 10 cent. (4 in. )

In woods. West Farleigh, Kent. 1874.

Spores sphasroid or subsphaeroid, 4-5x5 mk. K. Name -gilvus, pale yellow
with a slight tinge of brown. Pers. Syn. p. 448, partly. Fr. Monogr. p. 122.
Hym. Eur.p. 95. B. & Br. n. 1508. Fl. Dan. t. ion. C. Illust. PL 136.

167. A. subinvolutus Batsch. Pileus brick-colour, convex,
depressed, smooth, margin closely involute ; flesh pallid. Stem
paler, stout, straight, somewhat equal, veined on the lower part
with oblique coalescing slightly elevated wrinkles, tomentose and
inclining to flesh-colour above towards the gills, base obtuse.
Gills decurrent, rather broad, of the same colour as the pileus.

The stem is rough on the surface and destitute of lustre. It resembles A.
involutus (Paxillus involutus} in size and habit, in the crenate and involute
margin of the pileus, and in the stem being obsoletely veined at the base and
tomentose towards the gills.

Under Scotch fir. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct.

Name. From its likeness to A. involutus, with which Batsch compares it.
Batsch t. 204. B. &> Br. n. 1508*. C. Illust. PL 108.

168. A. spinulosus Stev. & Sm. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i><-3 in.)
broad, creamy flesh-colour, fleshy, convex then plane or depressed,
gibbous or umbonate, leathery, smooth, edge even and incurved ;
flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid or stuffed,
attenuated from the thickened base, jibrillose, whitish, zoned witJi
crowded spots of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply
decurrent, single, rather crowded, white then light-yellow.

Odour sweet and pleasant. Growing in large patches, singly or two or
three together.

LEUCOSPORI. 85

Among grass by wayside. Greenings, 1868. Nov. Clitocybe.

The spinulose spores mark this as a distinct species. It differs in habit
from A. geotropus, which has even spores. Saunders and Smith figured the
plant as A. subinvolutus Batsch, which Fries at first regarded as a variety of
A. geotropus. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries records it as a distinct species, and refers
to the figure of Batsch as doubtful. Berkeley having found the true plant of
Batsch, it becomes necessary to change the name of Smith's plant. Spores
spinulose, 9 mk. IV.G.S. Name from the spinulose spores. Stev. Saund.
& Sm. t. 36. A. subinvolutus Saund. & Sm., Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 96. A.
geotropus var. subinvolutus, C. Illust. PI. 177.

169. A. geotropus Bull Pileus 4-7.5 cent (1^-3 in.) broad,

tan-flesh-colour, truly fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, com-
monly gibbous, even, very smooth, moist in rainy weather, when
young spotted as with drops, the spots commonly vanishing with
age; margin thin, pubescent, inflexed ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, fleshy, not elastic, slightly attenuated
upwards, somewhat flbrillose, white, becoming yellow. Gills
deeply decurrent, simple, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat
crowded, white, but becoming pale.

Corresponding with A. maximus, but firmer, smooth, and more changeable
in colour. The pileus is thinner and the gills are less crowded than in A.
gilvus, &c. It varies with the stem curt.

In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 5-7 mk. IV.G.S. Name yj, the earth ; rpeiru, to turn. From the
turned-down margin. Bull. t. 573. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 123. Hym. Eur.
p. 96. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. n. 98. Illust. PL 83. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 99. Hussey i. t. 66. Harz. t. 75. Letell. t. 670. Paul. t. 112.
A. pileolarius Sow. t. 61. Grev. t. 41.

170. A. splendens Pers. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale-
yellowish becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, thin especially round
the shortly reflexed margin, piano- depressed, at length infun-
dibuliform, even, smooth, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (1/^-2. in.)
long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, sometimes equal and
straight, sometimes attenuated from the base, ascending, even,
smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent,
thin, crowded, simple, white but becoming light-yellow when old.

It varies with the pileus excentric, and in larger specimens with the margin
repand. Pileus not flaccid, much thinner than that of A. gilvus. Gills less
crowded. Flesh white. Intermediate between A. gilvtis and A. flaccidus.
Commonly single, not cosspitose like A. inversus and A. flaccidus.

In woods among dead leaves. Reading, 1874, c. Sept.

Name splendens, shining. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Hym. Eur. p. 96. Icon. t.
55. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1510. C. Illust. PI. 109.

171. A. inversus Scop. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,

86 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. brick colour or liver-rufescent.y&^/y, somewhat fragile, in no wise
flaccid, convexo-plane, obtuse, then infundibuliform and undulated,
even, very smooth, moist when fresh, but never guttate, sloping
towards the margin, varying excentric ; flesh not thick but com-
pact, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Stem sometimes
stuffed, commonly hollow, hence compressed, externally with a
slightly rigid outer coat, not elastic, without a bulb, smooth,
whitish, somewhat rooted and white-villous at the base. Gills
truly decurrent, scarcely 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded, simple,
whitish, but then of the same colour as the pileus at the edge.

Odour peculiar, slightly acid. It corresponds with A. infundibuliformis
Schceff., and like it presents two forms one, which is at the first gibbous, being
the rarer ; the other, which is destitute of an umbo, being the more frequent
and nearest to A. splendens. It differs from A. gihus in its entire nature.
The primary form is regular, solitary, with the stem attenuated upwards, and
of the same colour as the pileus. More frequently it is somewhat c<zspitose,
with the stems curved and compressed, and the pileus very obtuse, unequal,
and somewhat repand. A. lobatus Sow. is a luxuriant condition of this ; stem
thickened upwards, pileus somewhat date-brown and undulato-lobed.

In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

When dry the pileus has a very smooth oiled appearance. Spores 3 mk.

W.G.S. Na.me.im>erto. Inverted. Scop. Cam. p. 445. Fr. Monogr. \. p.

124. Hym. Eur. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 99. Illust. PL 84.

S. Mycol. Scot. n. 100. Schceff. t. 65. A. infundibuliformis Bull. t. 553. A.

lobatus Sow. t. 186.

172. A. flaccidus Sow. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
tawny-ferruginous, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy,
tough, orbicular, flaccid (especially when dry), at the first umbili-
cate, always without an umbo, then infundibuliform, the spreading
border slightly convex, smooth, even, rarely rimuloso-squamulose ;
flesh thin, pallid, somewhat fragile when fresh, flaccid however
when dry. Stem curt, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat hollow, elastic, tough, somewhat equal,
polished, naked, rubiginous-ferruginous, thickened and villous at
the base. Gills deeply, almost obconico-decurrent, remarkably
arcuate, very crowded, narrow, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad,
simple, whitish then becoming yellow.

Gregarious, forming rings, the stems often growing together under the soil,
but also solitary, regular. The gills become yellow sometimes wholly, some-
times only at the edge. Allied to A. inversus.

In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Spores 4 mk. W.G.S.; 4-5x3-4 mk. B. 'Nzmejlaccid'tis, flaccid, limp.
Sow. t. 185. Monogr. i. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. in. C.
Hbk. n. 100. Illust. PL 123. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 101. Fl. Batav. t. 1044.
Var. lobatus Sow. C. Illust. PL 137.

LEUCOSPORI. 87

173. A. vermicularis Fr. Pileus beautiful flesh-colour then ciitocybe.
tan-flesh-colour, fleshy, thin, umbilicato-convex then reflexed, in-
fundibuliform, undulato-lobed, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2

in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, at length (soon} com-
pressed, smooth, shining, white, not Elastic, fragile rather. Gills
shortly decurrent, very crowded, thin, white.

Gregarious, inodorous, somewhat fragile, moist in rainy weather, slightly
hygrophanous.

In fir wood. Forres, 1883. Sept.

Name vermis, a worm. From the peculiar fleshy colour. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 125. Hym. Eur. p. 98. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 21.

174. A. senilis Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
dingy-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, flaccid, the disc depressed when
young, soon infundibuliform, smooth, concentrically full of scars,
margin spreading (not reflexed). Stem 4-5 cent. (1/^-2 in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, often ascending, smooth,
whitish, naked at the base. Gills deeply decurrent in a straight
line, linear, narrow, very crowded, at first whitish, then of the
same colour as the pileus.

The colour is not easily described, of a dingy fuscous tan. Gregarious,
inodorous. It approaches A. flaccidus, though not in colour.

On lawn. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn.

Spores 7x3 mk. W.P. Name senilis, pertaining to age. From the scars
on the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 98. Icon. t. 56. /. i. B. 6^ Br. n. 1847.
C. Illusl. PI. no.

*** Pileus shining whitish,

175. A. catinus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first white,
in no wise hygrophanous, then passing into pale flesh-colour during
rain, and into tan-colour in dry weather, fleshy, moderately thin,
plane then infundibuliform, always obtuse, even, smooth; flesh
thin, flaccid, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.)
thick, stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, tough, thickened and
tomentose at the base. Gills decurrent, straight, descending not
horizontal, broad, not much crowded, persistently white.

The gills are broader than those of neighbouring species. The stem has
occurred equal. Allied to A. fiaccidus, and very much allied to A. infundi-
buliformis ; it is strongly scented with the pleasant odour of the latter, but is
singular in the colour being primarily wholly white, then flesh-colour during
rain, not becoming pale. For this reason it is analogous with A.phyllophilus,
which, however, is easily distinguished by its pileus never being infundibuliform ,
by its thin stem, by its adnate gills, and by being inodorous.

88 AGARICUS.

CHtocybe. Among dead leaves. Ludlow, 1881. Autumn.

Name catinus, a bowl. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 126. Hym'
Eur. p. 99. Icon. t. 5i._/i 4. C. Illust. PL in. Compare Bull. t. 286.

176. A. tuba Fr. Wholly white. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
broad, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, even, always with-
out stria at the margin, dead white when moist, shining whitish
when dry (somewhat hygrophanous), properly smooth, but at the
first sprinkled with a very thin, slightly silky, easily separating
film. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed
then hollow, at length compressed, very tough, equal, naked up-
wards, not pruinate. Gills deeply and truly decurrent, horizontal,
very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, white becoming pale.

" Gregarious, inodorous. Allied to Cyathiformes from the somewhat hygro-
phanous pileus. Nearest to A. pithyophilus, but easily distinguished by the
form of the pileus (umbilicate) and by the gills being deeply and attenuato-
decurrent.

On dead leaves, &c. Coed Coch, 1878, c. Autumn.

Name tuba, a trumpet. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 127. Hym.
Eur. p. 99. Icon. t. 51. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1736. C. Illust. PI. 112. Paul,
t. 65. f. 2-5 (base naked, but also and commonly villous).

177. A. ericetomm Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad,
white, fleshy, globose then plane or concave, somewhat turbinate,
obtuse, often excentric and when irregular somewhat repand,
smooth, shining. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) thick, solid, but floccoso-soft internally, evidently atten-
uated downwards, sometimes compressed, tough, naked, smooth,
white. Gills rather shortly decurrent, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad,
somewhat distant, connected by veins at the base, persistently
white.

So like Hygrophorus niveus that it is difficult to distinguish between the figures
of the two species, but the structure is very different ; for A. ericetorum is arid,
soft, elastic, with a pleasant odour in short nearest to A. infundibuliformis.

Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1872, c. Sept.-Nov.

Name ericetum, a heath. Bull. t. 551. f. i. D F. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 127.
Hym. Eur. p. 99. B. 6* Br. n. 1338. C. Illust. PL 138.

SERIES B.
IV. CYATHIFORMES.

178. A. cyathiformis Fr. Pileus 4-7. 5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad,
black-umber, c., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed when youn

S>

LEUCOSPORI, 89

then infundibuliform, even, smooth, hygrophanous, somewhat ciitocybe.
shining when moist, becoming pale and opaque when dry, undu-
lated when luxuriant ; flesh scissile, watery, somewhat of the same
colour as the pileus ; the margiti remaining long involute. Stem
5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, spongy-stuffed,
elastic, at length also hollow, attenuated upwards, fuscous^/ft^'zY-
lose, somewhat reticulated, of the same colour as the pileus or a
little paler, naked (not pruinose) at the apex, villous at the base.
Gills adnate, decurrent on account of the changed -form of the
pileus, joined behind, distant, cinereous -fuscous, occasionally
branched.

Very changeable. Commonly becoming black-umber, but varying paler fus-
cous-cinereous ; also flesh-colour then tan, pale cinnamon, becoming fuscous
then clay or tan (Bull. t. 575. /. F H. ), the gills whitish, becoming fuscous,
rufous (Bolt. t. 59.) When old the margin is expanded, nay slightly striate. In
sterile ground, the stem is more slender, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick upwards,
fibrilloso-striate ; the pileus somewhat membranaceous, at the first deeply um-
bilicate, the margin naked ; the gills grey. It occurs also on rotten wood.

In woods, c. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores 8x5 mk. W.G.S.; 10-12x5-6 mk. B. Name cyathus, a cup;

forma, form. Cup-shaped. Afonegr. i. p. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 100. Berk.

Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 101. Illust. PL 113. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 102.

Hussey ii. t. i. Gonti. er Rab. t. 9. /. i (/. 2 monstrous). Hoffm. Anal. t. 3.

/ i. Bull. t. 575. / M. &c. Vaill. t. 14.7. -L-^Bolt. t. 145. Holmsk. Of.

ii. /. 41. Sow. t. 363 (various forms, no good figure).

179. A. expallens Pers. Pileus when young somewhat fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, even, cinereotis-
fuscous, at first sprinkled with white silky dew, then plano-infundi-
buliform, livid, the disc slightly fleshy, the soon expanded margin
membranaceous and striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 4
mm. (2 lin.) thick, rarely more, flocculose internally, soon hollow,
tough, equal, smooth, white-silky at tJie apex. Gills decurrent,
acute at both ends, thin, slightly distant, soft, white-cinereous.

Wholly watery, very hygrophanous ; pileus when dry hoary -whitish or tan
colour. It is smaller, earlier, and paler than A. cyathiformis, and can with
difficulty be distinguished from thinner forms of that species. The gills are
more crowded.

In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. Aug.

Name ex, and palleo, to be pale. In ' Icones ' Fries gives the form origin-
ally described as A. expallens by Persoon, and represented in Bull. t. 575. /.
i. G., and the form described under the same name by himself, and repre-
sented in Icon. t. 56. /. 2, as specifically distinct, and regards A. expallens
Pers. (Fr. Icon. t. 56. /. 3.) as a form of A. cyathiformis. In ' Hym. Eur.,'
however, he includes the two forms under one name. Pers. Syn. p. 461. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 100. Icon. t. 56. f. 2. B. trivialis, becom-
ing fuscous, stem longer. Bull. t. 575. /. i. G. A. expallens Fr. Icon. t. 56.

90 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. / 3- B. & Br. n. 1511. S. My col. Scot. n. 103. A. cyathiformis var. ex-
pallens C. Illust. PL 220.

180. A. obbatus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous-
blackish, becoming very pale when dry, cinereous, somewhat
membranaceous, scissile only at the disc, convexo-plane with a
broadly umbilicate disc, smooth, striate to the middle. Stem 5
cent. (2 in.) and more long, equal, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, but in
becoming compressed 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, hollow, often
ascending or flexuous, smooth, naked, slightly striate (striag inter-
rupted white), fuscous-cinereous. Gills slightly decurrent, distant,
broad, dark ci?iereous, white-pruinose.

B. Pileus infundibuliform ; stem spongy-soft, internally fistulose with floe-
cose vanishing villous down, wholly smooth, even and naked; gills almost
bluish-grey-cinereous. The whole very watery, tough, flexible, inodorous.
Easily distinguished by its slender stature, its striate pileus, and distant gills,
which are at length white pulverulent, as in A. melleus or laccatus.

In fir woods. Ely, 1870, &c. Nov.

Name obba, a kind of cup. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 129. Hym.
Eur. p. 101. Icon. t. 57. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1200*. Bitxb. iv. /. 3. /. i."
Bull. t. 248 /. C. represents its habit excellently, but the stem is coloured
white. C. Illust. PL 230.

181. A. pruinosus Lasch. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - O" 2 m -) broad,
brown, becoming cinereous when dried, hygrophanous, fleshy-
membranaceous, when young umbilicate and pruinose, when full
grown broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamu-
lose ; flesh thin, becoming cinereous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)
long, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4. lin.) thick, stuffed or obsoletely fistulose,
equal, often ascending or curved, Jibrillose w r hen young, of the
same colour as the pileus, but often paler. Gills decurrent,
crowded, narrow, slightly arcuate when young, scythe-shaped when
full grown, white then dingy.

Thin, slightly rigid, inodorous. The pruina on the pileus is lead-colour.
The stem is more solid, thickened, and flocculose at the base. Easily distin-
guished from neighbouring species by its habit and colours. Like A. cyathi-
formis, but perhaps nearer to Hydrogrammi.

On rotten wood and on the ground. Kew, 1882. Nov.-Dec.

Name pruina, hoar-frost. From the pruina on the pileus. Lasch. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 101. Ico?t. t. 57. f. 3. C. Illust. PL 231.

182. A. concavus Scop. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad,
hygrophanous, fuliginous when moist, cinereous or clay-hoary
when dry, slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, at first plano-convex,
widely and deeply umbilicate, then wholly concave (not infundi-
buliform), smooth, the convexo-plane border undulated, margin

LEUCOSPORI. 91

even; flesh tough, pallid. Stem 2.5 cent (i in.) or a little more Clitocybe.
broad, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, but wholly fibrous-
soft, commonly curt, equal, naked, smooth, cinereous. Gills
decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, dark
fuliginous.

Often gregarious; almost inodorous. At first sight like a species of
Omphalia.

In woods. Rare.

Spores ovoid, comma-shaped, slightly punctate, greenish, 10 mk. Q. Name
concavus, concave. Scop. Cam. p. 449. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 130. Hym.
Eur. p. 102. Icon. t. 57. f. 2. B. cr 3 Dr. n. 1512.

183. A. brumalis Fr. Pileus livid when moist, \vhitish and at
length becoming yellow when dry, commonly darker at the disc,
fleshy-membranaceous, at first convex, umbilicate, reflexed at the
circumference, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, then infunclibuliform, often
irregular and undulated, as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, smooth,
even. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick,
slightly firm, hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the apex, at
length compressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, naked, becoming
livid, white when dry, white-villous at the base. Gills decurrent,
at first arcuate, then descending, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded,
distinct, livid, then becoming yellow-white.

Odour weak, not unpleasant. B. Wholly watery whitish. Pileus infundi-
buliform, margin deflexed, milk-white when dry; stem fistulose, somewhat
striate, smooth at the base; gills less crowded, but rather broad, whitish.
Bull. t. 278. A B.

In woods. Common. Oct.-Jan.

Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Name bruma, winter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 131.
Hym. Enr. p. 103. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 102. Illust. PI. 114. S.
My col. Scot. n. 104.

V. ORBIFORMES.
* Gills becoming cinereous.

184. A. metachrous Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 in -) broad,
fuscous-cinereous when young, then livid, whitish when dry,
slightly fleshy, at first convex, soon rather plane or depressed,
margin even, slightly striate only when old. Stem about 4 cent
(\y* in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, but broader when com-
presssed, stuffed when young, round, soon hollow and hence
becoming easily compressed, equal, tough, externally fibrous,
grey, "uuhite-pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent,
crowded, linear, plane, thin, whitish-cinereous.

Q2 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. Protean, but the essential marks by which it can always be easily distin-

guished are these : odour none, stem pruinose at the apex, pileus convex (and
somewhat umbonate) then plane and depressed, gills cinereous-whitish. One
variety has the darker disc fuscous, another is flesh-coloured, another dingy-
rufescent (Batschf. 102).

In grassy woods, among leaves, &c. . Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores 6x3 mk. IV. P. Name /xera, of change of condition; xp^s.
colour. Changing colour. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 103. Berk.
Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 103. Illust. PL 115. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 105.

185. A. pausiacus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, ciner-
eous, becoming somewhat olive, fleshy, thin, at first convex
(sometimes umbonate), then plane and depressed, even, smooth
(when young covered over with hoary silky dew). Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, 3 mm. (\]/z lin.) thick, tough, somewhat hol-
low, equal, striate and often undulated on the surface, smooth,
but white pruinose at the apex, cinereous. Gills very broad be-
hind and obtusely adnate, very crowded, semicircular, manifestly
inclining to olivaceous at every stage of growth.

Odour weak, but frumentaceous. Allied to A. metachrous, but easily dis-
tinguished by its very broad and olivaceous gills. Intermediate between A.
metachrous and A. ditopus.

On the ground. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.

Name pausia, an olive. From the colour of the gills. Fr. Alonogr. i. p.
133. Hym. Eur. p. 104. Icon. t. 58. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1737.

186. A. ditopus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
cinereous, somewhat fleshy, tough, at first convexo-plane and ob-
tuse, at length inverted, infundibuliform and often undulato-
lobed. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick,
hollow then compressed, equal, naked, pale cinereous, pubescent at
the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, at length turned upwards
and divergent in the lobes, dark cinereous.

Its stature is that of A. metachrous, but it has a very strong odour of new
meal. Remarkable as compared with the rest for its toughness and irregular-
ity of form, and for being found only in a rotten condition in later autumn
when the rest are in fullest vigour.

Among dead leaves. Moccas Park, 1881.

Name SITTOS, twofold ; TTOV?, a foot. Probably from stems growing two
together. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eiir. p. 104. C. Illust. PL 116.

** Gills whitish.

187. A. diatretus Fr. Pileus slightly fleshy, tough, when
young convex, regular, obtuse, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the involute
margin pubescent, when full grown piano-depressed, 2.5-5 cent.

LEUCOSPORI. 93

(1-2 in.) broad, often flexuous, even, smooth, hygrophanous,_/?f.y/- ciitocybe.
colour when moist, at length tan colour and flaccid, the spread-
ing margin naked, whitish when dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>-2 in.)
long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, spongy-stuffed then hollow, elastic,
flexile, equal, round, even, smooth, pallid, naked at the ape.r,
pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, but sharp-pointed behind
and decurrent with a tooth, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, at first
ivhite-flesh-colour then becoming pale-white.

Almost inodorous. Easily distinguished by its unusual colour. Pileus

j o -i

slightly rigid when young. The stem is not cartilaginous.
In pine wood. Coed Coch. Autumn.

In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the stem as tense and straight. Name
SiarprjTos, perforate. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 135. Hym.
Eur. p. 104. B. &* Br. n. 1406. C. Illust. PL 232.

188. A. fragrans Sow. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 m -) broad, of
one colour not darker at tJie disc, -watery pallid when moist, whit-
ish when dry, slightly fleshy, rather plane, at first convex then
somewhat depressed, smooth, even or when moist slightly striate
at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
thick, stuffed then hollow, elastic, equal, smooth, even, most
frequently, however, villous at the base, and here and there ob-
soletely pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, sharp-pointed be-
hind, somewhat decurrent, rather crowded, broader than the
watery flesh of the pileus, whitish.

Habit not distinguished, but very remarkable for its strong fragrant odour
of anise.

In mossy places in woods and pastures. Common. July-Jan.

Spores 6 X4mk. II'. G. S. Very remarkable for its power of standing cold.
On the 30th December 1882 I gathered it, after very severe frost (Ther. o
for three nights in succession) and a week of complete thaw, in a perfectly
fresh condition, and with the smell unchanged. Name -fragrans, sweet-
scented. Sow. t. 10. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Berk.
Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 104. Illust. PI. 124. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 106. Pers.
Myc. Eur. 3. t. 27.7. 5. Krombh. t. i./. 34-38. Letell. t. 658. Brig. t. 19.
Hoffm. Anal. t. -$.f. 2.

189. A. angustissimus Lasch. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.)
broad, watery white, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, piano-
depressed, not umbilicate, even, smooth ; margin spreading,
slightly striate when old ; flesh, though very thin, moderately
firm. Stem stuffed, internally fibrous, 2-3 mm. (i-iK l m> ) thick,
often curved and flexuous, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, smooth or pubes-
cent at the base, naked at the apex. Gills somewhat decurrent,
very crowded, thin, narrow, white.

94 AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. Very like A. fragrans, but inodorous ; colour purer white and stem thinner.
Less watery than others of this group.

Among leaves. Ascot, 1873, &c. Oct.

Name angustus, narrow. From the very narrow gills. Lasck. n. 523.
Fr. Monogr. i. /. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Icon. t. $g.f. 2. C. Illust. PL
125. B. & Br. n. 1407.

190. A. obsoletus Batsch. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little
more broad, at first grey but soon turning whitish, day-white 'when
dry, sometimes inclining to flesh -colour, somewhat fleshy, soft,
convex or gibbous then plane and depressed, even, smooth. Stem
5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then soon hol-
low, elastic, tough, at first round, then often compressed, but never
flexuous, even, smooth, very obsoletely pruinate at the apex, whit-
ish. Gills obtusely adnate, almost rounded behind, then adnato-
decurrent, broad, crowded, grey-whitish.

Gregarious, obsoletely fragrant. Intermediate between A. metachrous and
A. fragrans.

Among grass and leaves. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.-Nov.

Odour varying from that of bitter almonds to that of aniseed. B. &= Br.
Name obsoletus, obsolete, faint. The term obsoletus used by Batsch does not
refer to an odour less than that of A. fragrans, but to the pallid tint as com-
pared with his A. obsolescent. B. fir 1 Br. Batsch f. 103. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 136.
Hym. Eur. p. 105. B. 6" Br. n. 1738, 1929. C. Illust. PI. 233. Fr. Dan.
t. 202 1.

VI. VERSIFORMES.
* Pileus dirty-coloured, &*.

191. A. ectypus Fr. Pileus about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
dingy or light-yellow-honey colour, then rufescent and when rot-
ting almost brown, fleshy, somewhat thin, convex then rather
plane or depressed, streaked at the disc with innate fibrils radiat-
ing from the centre, as if sprinkled with soot or squamulose ; mar-
gin very thin, striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm.
(3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, elastic, somewhat bulbous or equal, fibril-
lose, becoming dingy light yellow, soon olivaceous, becoming black
at the base. Gills adnate, also decurrent with a rather delicate
tooth, distant, connected by veins, white, soon becoming pale, then
spotted-rufous, somewhat mealy with the plentiful spores.

The colour is both variable and changeable with age. Gregarious ; some-
times many are joined in a casspitose manner at the base. Odour at first
pleasant, of anise, at length foetid. Of the nature of A. melleus which it
approaches in the gills being somewhat mealy with the spores as well as in
colour, but without the trace of a veil.

LEUCOSPORI. 95

In meadows, damp places. Mossburnford, Jedburgh, &c. Dec. ciitocybe.

Spores ovoid-pruniform, 9 mk. Q. Name eKTunos, worked in relief. Prob-

ably from the appearance of the markings. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 140. Hym.

Eur. p. 107. Icon. t. 59. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. n. 106. Illust.
PI. 126. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 107.

192. A. bellus Pers. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dark
yellow, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled with darker squamules, at
length becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, pliant, convex then ex-
panded, depressed in the centre, at length undulato-repand at
the margin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
thick, stuffed 'at length hollow, equal, tough, but fibrous, and exter-
nally rivulose with the fibrils, becoming yellow. Gills adnate, at
length decurrent with a tooth, very broad, distant, connected
by veins, sometimes branched, paler than the pileus, becoming
yellow, at length rufescent.

Somewhat caespitose. Almost intermediate between A. ectypus and A.
laccatus ; odour when old almost that of the former, but otherwise nearer to
the latter, and almost equally various in stature.

In fir plantations. Uncommon. Sept.

Gills incarnato-ferruginous, so far differing from Fries. It is at once distin-
guished from A. laccatus by its foetid smell. M.J.B. Name bellus, of beauty.
Pretty. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 140. Hym. Eur. p. 107. Berk.
Out. p. 113, not Gonn. & Rab. C. Hbk. n. 107. Illust. PL 183. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 1 08.

** Pileus bright, &*c.

193. A. laccatus 1 Scop. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
thin, almost mejnbranaceous, convex, at length rather plane, more
or less umbilicato-depressed, dry, but remarkably hygrophanous,
becoming pale in drying, and the cuticle separating into mealy
squamules or somewhat silky, sometimes undulato- crisped and
variously irregularly shaped. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4
mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, tough, wholly fibrous, stuffed, equal,
often flexuous, or tw r isted, fibrillose, of the same colour as the
pileus, \vhite villous at the base. Gills adnate with a decurrent
tooth, commonly distinct, very broad, distant, plane, flesh-colour
or violaceous, at length white-mealy.

There are two primary types of colour: one rufous-flesh when moist, pileus
ochraceous when dry ; the other dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when
dry. Besides that the colours are both variable and changeable, its stature is

1 The Rev. M. J. Berkeley proposes a new genus, Laccaria, of which this
species is the type. As there are other subgenera, e.g. , Inocybe, which may
ultimately rank as genera, it is better perhaps in the meantime to retain A.
laccatus and its allies under Ciitocybe.

9 6

AGARICUS.

Clitocybe. so various that it is possible to gather individual specimens 10-12.5 cent. (4-5
in.) or (in sandy paths) 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high ; these are at the same time
very irregularly formed, excentric, &c. The following varieties in colour are
more constant : a) rufous-flesh, pileus when dry somewhat ochraceous. A.
farinaceus Huds. Bolt. t. 64. Sow. t. 208. Fl. Dan. t. 1249. A. rosellus
Batsch f. 99; b) yellow, gills flesh-colour. Buxb. C. iv. t. 30, /. i; c) pileus
yellow-violaceous, ochraceous when dry, gills violaceous. A. impolitus Schum.;
d) dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when dry. A. amethystinus Bott.
t. 63. Sow. t. 187.

In woods, &c. Extremely common. June-Dec.

Spores globose, M.J.B. ; echinulate, 9-10 mk. K. ; rough, 8-10 mk. B. ; g
mk. W.G.S. A most provoking Agaric. Name lac, a resinous substance,
produced on trees in the East by the lac insect, used in dyeing. From the
peculiar red of the pileus resembling that of gum-lac. Scop. p. 444. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 141. Hym. Eur. p. 108. Berk. Out. p. 113. t. 5. f. 3. C.
Hbk. n. 108. Illust. PI. 139. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 109. Grev. t. 249. Hussey
i. t. 47. Schceff. t. 13. Bull. t. 570. f. i. Krombh. t. 43. f. 17-20. Batt. t.
18. G /. A. tortilis Bolt. t. 41. f. A is perhaps only a very irregular form.

194. A.Sadleri B. & Br. Pileus 5-6 cent. (2-2^ in.) broad, light
yellow, centre tawny, piano - depressed or umbilicate, at first
slightly silky, at length becoming smooth towards the centre.
Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high, about l /e in. thick except at the
base where it is thickened, yellow, with tawny fibrils, becoming
smooth. Gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, lemon-yellow, quite
entire at the margin.

Casspitose ; strong-smelling. The taste is intensely acrid, like that of A.
fasciciilaris. Probably of exotic origin.

On an oak tub in Conservatory. Edinburgh, 1877. Jan.-Oct.

Name after John Sadler. B. 6 Br. n. 1734 bis. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed.
xiii. p. 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. no. C. Illust. PI. 127.

Collybia. Subgenus VI. COLLYBIA (ic6\\v0os, a small coin). Fr. Syst.

Myc. i. p. 129. Stem fistulose, cartilaginous or stuffed with a
pith, and coated with a cartilaginous cuticle, rooting. Pileus
slightly fleshy, neither sulcato-plicate nor wrinkled, the margin at
first involute. Gills (membranaceous, soft) free or only obtusely
adnexed behind. Epiphytal on wood, leaves, &*c., nay on fungi,
but often rooted in the ground, not shrivelling or drying up.

The Marasmii are distinguished from the Collybias proper by
the structure of their gills, their somewhat coriaceoits substance,
their somewhat persistent tenacity of life, whereby they possess the
quality of reviving after being dried up. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 109.

The species are in general well marked and easily recognised.

LEUCOSPORI.

97

They grow more slowly and last longer than other Agarics. The Coliybia.
colour in most of them is variable. A. esculentus is perhaps the
only edible species.

Stem
even,

Series A. Gills white or brightly coloured, and not cinereous.

I. Striaspedes (striate - stemmed). Stem
stout, hollow or stuffed with a somewhat
separate spongy pith, sulcate or fibrilloso-
striate.

* Gills broad, somewhat distant,
** Gills crowded, narrow.

II. Vestipedes (clothed-stemmed).
thin, equal, fistulose or with a pith,
velvety, floccose, or pridnose.

* Gills broad, somewhat distant.

** Gills very narrow, very crowded.

III. Laevipedes (even - stemmed). Stem
thin, equal, fistulose, naked, smooth (leaving
out of view the base) and not conspicu-
ously striate (but under a lens the stem of A.
dryophihis, c., is slightly striate).

* Gills broad, lax, commonly more or less
distant.

** Gills narrow, crowded.

Flesh white.

VII. Agaricus (Collybia) butyra-
ceus. One-fourth natural size.

Series B. Gills becoming cinereous. Hygrophanus.

IV. Tephrophanoe (ill-favoured). Colour fuscous, becoming cinereous. Allied
to the last group of the Tricholomata and the Clitocybae, but distinguished by
the cartilaginous stem.

* Gills crowded, somewhat narrow.
* Gills very broad, more or less distant.

SERIES A. GILLS WHITE OR BRIGHTLY COLOURED, &c.

I. STRLEPEDES.
* Gills broad, somewhat distant.

195. A. radicatus Rehl. Pileus about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
broad, fuscous-olivaceous, &c., fleshy, thin, convex then flattened,
gibbous rather than umbonate, often irregular, glutinous, and
radiato-rugose j flesh soft, elastic, white. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6
in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, tense and straight,
rigid, stuffed, equally attenuated from the root to the apex (equal
only when more slender), rather smooth, at length striato-sulcate
(the texture of the cartilaginous cuticle often twisted), commonly
paler than the pileus, ending at the base in a tail-like fusiform root
which is often a span long. Gills attenuated behind and adfixed,
often with a decurrent tooth, at length somewhat separating, ven-
tricose, distant, rather thick, shining- white.

98 AGARICUS.

Collybia. The colour of the pileus varies fuscous-olivaceous, fuliginous, reddish-brown,

fuscous-ochraceous, becoming green. It has occurred also wholly shining
white. Somewhat membranaceous when smaller. The radiating wrinkles
become more manifest the larger it is. Solitary, inodorous, firm, the root
fixed by subterranean rootlets.

On stumps, &c., covered with soil. Common. June-Nov.

Spores 11x17 m k. W.G.S. ; 11x9 mk. IV. P. ; 16-17x10-11 mk. B.
Name radix, a root. Rooted. Relhan. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 146. Hym. Eur.
p. 109. Berk. Out. p. 114. /. 5. f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 137. Ilhist. PL 140. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. in. Sow. t. 48. Grev. t. 217. Husseyi. t. 15. Krombh.
t. 72. f. 2.6, 27. Paul. t. 97. bis f. 3, 4.

196. A. longipes Bull. Pileus fleshy, thin, conico-expanded,
umbonate, dry, somewhat velvety-villaus. Stem stuffed, tall,
attenuated upwards, villous, at length sulcate, with a long fusi-
form root. Gills rounded, somewhat distant, white.

Formerly regarded as a variety of A. radicatus.
On stumps, &c. Uncommon. Autumn.

Pileus and stem often tinted with yellow. M.J.B. Spores sphseroid, 12
mk. Q. Name longus, long ; pes, a foot. Long-stemmed. Bull. t. 232.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. no. Berk. Out. p. 114. C. Hbk. n. 138. Illust. PL
201. Hussey \. t. 80. Larb. t. 16. f. i. Krombh. t. i.f. 31 a smaller form.

197. A. platyphyllus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,
fuscous and cinereous then whitish, fleshy-membranaceous, thin,

fragile, soon flattened, obtuse, watery when moist, streaked with
fibrils. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) thick,
stuffed, soft, equal, fibrilloso-striate, otherwise smooth, naked or
obsoletely pruinate at the apex, whitish, shortly and bluntly root-
ed at the base. Gills obliquely truncate behind, slightly adnexed,
12 mm. (% in.) and more broad, distant, soft, white.

Odour not remarkable. It inclines towards the Tricholomata in the some-
what membranaceous cuticle of the soft stem.

In woods, among leaves, &c. Rare. Oct.

Spores 13 x 19 mk. W.G.S. Name TrAarv's, broad; <u\Aoi>, a leaf. Broad-
gilled. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 147. Hym. Eur. p. no. Berk. Out. p. 114.
B. & Br. n. 263, 323. C. Hbk. n. 139. Illust. PI. 128. S. Mycol. Scot.
Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. p. 214. Paul. t. gj.f. i, 2.? Buxb. C. iv. t. 18.
A. grammocephalus Bull t. 594. Clusii Pern. gen. viii. Sterb. t. 16. H.

* A. repens Fr. Pileus more fleshy, depressed ; stem hollow,
compressed, pruinate at the apex, with a creeping string-like my-
celium.

It is most distinguished by its white, villous, anastomosing, very much
branched mycelium which creeps a long distance in a rooting string-like man-
ner. The so-called roots are quite heterogeneous from the stem, not a pro-

LEUCOSPORI. 99

longation of the stem itself. Rhizomorpha xylostroma Ach. in Vet. Ac. Collybia.
Hand I. 1814, t. 9. f. 7 represents the very singular mycelium. Name repens,
creeping. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 148. Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 61. Berk.
Out. p. 114.

198. A. semitalis Fr. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad,
when fresh moist, pitch-black, fuliginous or smoky-livid, hygro-
phanous, when dry sometimes becoming pallid cinereous-yellow
or isabelline, sometimes grey, fleshy-cartilaginous, thin, convex
then plane, obtuse, even, smooth; the margin at first inflexed
and smooth, then spreading and slightly pellucid-striate ; flesh
thin, scissile, moist when in vigour, white when dry. Stem 5-10
cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then
somewhat hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the somewhat
bulbous and often bluntly-rooting base, Jibrilloso-striate, slightly
fuscous- or cinereous-white, naked at the apex. Gills obtuse
(attenuated or rounded) behind, adfixed in the form of a ring with
a small tooth which is decurrent on the stem, somewhat distant,
broad, distinct, white then becoming cinereous, spotted black when
touched, and at length becoming black, but the spores white.

Sometimes caespitose. Its true affinity and place are very doubtful ; from
its habit it belongs to this group, but it grows on the ground, and the cuticle
of the stem, ichich. is fibrous internally, is membranaceous. It is wholly some-
what cartilaginous, however, somewhat tough, most variable in its dimensions.
B. Stem sometimes curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal,
but curved-ascending, wholly solid ; pileus piano-depressed, irregular, less
hygrophanous. C. Stem solid, bulbous (the bulb as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick), c. The gills, however, always present marks by which it may be safely
distinguished from all others.

By waysides after much rain. Coed Coch. Oct.-Nov.

Name semitalis, pertaining to footpaths or byways. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 146.
Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 62. B. 6" Br. n. 1739. C. Illust. PL 292.
Buxb. C. iv. t. 14.

199. A. fusipes Bull. Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, rufescent-
reddish-brow?i, becoming pale and also dingy tan, fleshy, convex
then flattened, umbonate (the umbo at length vanishing), even,
smooth, dry, here and there broken up in cracks when dry. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, commonly 12 mm. (}4 in.) but
here and there as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fibrous-stiiffed
then hollow, remarkably cartilaginous externally, swollen, ventri-
cose in the middle, attenuated at both ends, often twisted, longitudi-
nally striato-sulcate, rufous or rufous-brown, rooted in a fusiform
manner at the base. Gills annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free,
broad, distant, firm, connected by veins, crisped, white then be-
coming somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, often spotted.

100 AGARICUS.

Collybia. On account of the rigid cuticle the stem is often split into cracks forming

revolute flaps. Commonly densely coespitose, very various in stature and size,
but always firm, tough.

On old stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Spores 6x3 mk. W. G. S. ; 4-5 x 2-4 mk. B. The taste is pleasant, so it
may perhaps be edible. Name fusus, a spindle ; pes, a foot. Spindle-
stemmed. Bull. t. 106, 516. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 149. Hym. Eur. p. in.
Berk. Out. p. 115. /. 5./. 5. C. Hbk. n. 140. Illust. PI. 141. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 112. Sow. t. 129. Price f. 85. Hussey ii. t. 48. Krombh. t. 42. /. 9-11.
Fl. Dan. t. 1607. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 4. A. crassipes Schceff. t. 87, 88.

* A. cedematopus Schseff. --Pileus rufous-date-brown, con-
ical then becoming plane, pulverulent; stem stout uentricose %
fibrillose, pulverident ; gills pallid.

Somewhat caespitose. On trunks. Glamis, 1883. Name olS-q^a, a swel-
ling ; TJ-OVS, a foot. With swollen stem. Schceff. t. 259. Fr. Hym. Etir. p.
112. B. & Br. n. 1995. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. A.
fusiformis Bull. t. 76. A. bulbosus Pall. Ross i. t. g.f. 2.

** Gills crowded, narrow.

200. A. maculatus A. & S. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.)
broad, whitish, here and there guttate with paler spots and com-
monly spotted-rufescent, fleshy, commonly very compact, convexo-
plane, in no wise lax, obtuse, repand, even, smooth ; margin thin,
at first involute, somewhat naked. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.)
long, 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) thick, hard, commonly stuffed, some-
times however hollow, externally cartilaginous, somewhat ventri-
cose (flexuous when more slender), striate, white, here and there
spotted-rufous, base attenuated rooted and blunt. Gills emargin-
ato-free, very crowded, linear, scarcely ever 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
becoming pale-white.

The colour of the pileus is at first white, then spotted rubiginous, and at
length occasionally wholly rufescent. Slightly acid.

In woods, chiefly pine and beech. Common. July-Nov.

Spores 6 mk. W.G.S.; 6x5 mk. W.P. ; 4-6 mk. B. Name macula, a
spot. Spotted. Alb. & Schw. p. 186. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p.
112. Berk. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. n. 141. Illust. PL 142. 5. Mycol. Scot.
n. 113. Hussey ii. t. 60. A. carnosus Sow. t. 246. Var. immaculatus C.

Illust. PL 221 ?

201. A. distortus Fr. Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
bay-brown, becoming pale but not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin,
convex then expanded, umbonate, very lax, even, smooth. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 12 mm. (y 2 in.) thick, and wholly
attenuated upwards from the tomentose base, fragile, externally
cartilaginous, internally spongy, soon hollow, contorted, sulcate,

LEUCOSPORI. 10 1

pallid. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat linear, scarcely Collybia.
serrulated, at length spotted-rubiginous.

Gregarious. Intermediate between A. fusipes and A. butyraceus. It is
nearest to the former, but most like the latter. Very distinct in the broad,
lax pileus, in the thinner, twisted, pallid stem, and in the spotted gills.

On roots of trees. Bowood, 1869, c. Oct.

Spores spheroid-ellipsoid, 8-10 x 4-5 mk. K. Name distorqueo, to twist.
From the twisted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 113. Icon. t.
63. / i. B. & Br. n. 1205. C. Illust. PL 282.

202. A. butyraceus Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
normally rufous-brown, but becoming pale, fleshy, convex then
expanded, more or less umbonate, dry, even, smooth ; flesh buttery-
soft, somewhat hygrophanous, flesh-colour then white. Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, conico-attenuated from the thickened white-
tomentose base, hence much thinner at the apex, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
only, but at the base 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) thick, externally covered
over with a rigid cartilaginous cuticle, internally stuffed with soft
spongy pith, or hollow only when old, striate, rufous, commonly
smooth, but varying with white deciduous squamules, and occa-
sionally wholly pulverulento-villous. Gills slightly adnexed,
somewhat free, thin, crowded, crenulate, white, never spotted-
rufous.

The colour of the pileus is both changeable and variable ; also fuscous-livid,
becoming pale - ochraceous, or becoming wholly pale-white. Solitary or
growing in troops.

In woods, chiefly fir. Common. Jan. -Dec.

"When quite young livid-brown, the margin subrufescent, but a portion below
the umbo soon grows pale, so that the pileus appears of four colours. Easily
distinguished by its greasy-looking pileus and cartilaginous stem. M.J.B.
Umbo persistently dark. On making a section, a coloured line will be observed
extending from the base of the stem (cuticle rufous) to the margin of the pileus.
Spores 6-10x3-5 mk. B. Name butyrum, butter. Buttery to the touch.
Bull. t. 572. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 151. Hym. Eur. p. 113. Berk. Eng. Fl. v.
p. 46. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. 71. 142. Illust. PL 143. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 114.
Buxb. C. iv. t. 5-/. i. Batt. t. 16. c. A. leiopus Pers. Ic. pict. 2. f. 1-3.

203. A. xylophilus Weinm. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, (10 cent., 4 in., when flattened), whitish or becoming fus-
cous-tan at the middle, slightly fleshy, wide, spreading, campanu-
late, lax, commonly obtuse, sometimes furnished with a minute
umbo ; at length rimosely split towards the margin and more ex-
panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist; flesh everywhere very
thin, fragile, becoming watery-fuscous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often flexuous, fibril-
loso-striate, whitish, quite destitute of a veil, internally becoming

102 AGARICUS.

Coliybia fuscous. Gills adnate, often decurrent with a small tooth, very
narrow (only 2 mm. (i lin.) broad), very crowded, entire.

Coespitose. As regards the gills, it is allied to A. confluens.
About old stumps. Black Park, Langley, 1882. Sept.

Name v'A.ov, timber; $i'Aos, loving. Weinm. in Linn. x. p. 54. Fr.
Monogr. ii. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 114. Icon. t. 63. /. 2. C. Ilhtst. PL 202.

II. VESTIPEDES.
* Gills broad, somewhat distant.

204. A. velutipes Curt. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad in
the same cluster, tawny, sometimes paler at tne margin, moder-
ately fleshy at the disc, but thin at the circumference, convex then
soon becoming plane, often excentric, irregular and repand, smooth,
viscous; margin spreading, and at length slightly striate ; flesh
watery, soft, slightly tawny-hyaline. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.)
long, 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) thick, tough, externally cartilaginous,
umber then becoming black, densely velvety- villons, commonly
ascending or twisted, commonly equal, even, internally fibrous-
stuffed and hollow. Gills broader and rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, so as at first sight to appear free, somewhat distant, very
unequal, becoming pallid yellow or tawny.

Commonly caespitose, varying much in stature, widely removed from all the
rest.

On trunks, stumps, ulex, c. Common. Sept-April.

Stem often slightly flattened, and frequently a little broader at the apex.
Spores ellipsoid, 8-10x4-5 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W. G.S. ; 6 x 4 mk. B. Name
vellus, fleece ; pes, afoot (Low Lat. oelluetum). Velvety-stemmed. Curt. Land.
4. t. 70. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 115. Berk. Out. p. 116. C.
Hbk. n. 143. Illust. PL 184,4. S. Alycol. Scot, n. 115. Bolt. t. 135. Sow.
t. 384. f. 3. Hussey i. /. 56. Krombh. t. 44. /. 6-9. A. austriacus Tratt.
Austr. t. 7. Batschf. 112 (var.) Batt. t. 22. C.

205. A. laxipes Fr. Pileus small, milk-white, slightly fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist. Stem stuffed^ rufans-
velvety, lax, very long, stiff. Gills separating-free, distant, broad,
ventricose, milk-white.

A very remarkable species.
On wood.

Name laxus, lax ; pcs, a foot. Lax-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 115.
Qutl. Jur. ii. p. 330. t. 2./. 2. Batt. t. g. f. 5. C. Illust. PL 184. B.

LEUCOSPORI. 103

206. A. mimicus Smith. Pileus smooth, with a thin separable Coliybia.
cuticle. Stem fibrillose at the base, fibrilloso-striate in the
middle, naked or slightly pruinose at the apex. Gills very broad,
somewhat distant, thin, white.

Odour and taste strong like fish. Agreeing in some points with A. cucumis,
bat differing very materially in others.

Among shavings.

Pileus pale brownish-yellow. Spores elliptical. Name mimicus, mimic.
From its resemblance to A. cucumis. Worth. Smith in litt. C. Illust.
PL 129.

207. A. vertirugis Cke. Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, dull brown or cinereous, campanulate, at length convexo-
plane, radiato-wrinkled, tough, somewhat membranaceous, mi-
nutely pulverulent. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2>in.) long, 1-2 mm. (%-
i lin.) thick, fistulose, sometimes compressed, rufous, minutely
velvety, strigose at the base. Gills truly adnate, ascending or
horizonal, moderately distant, connected by veins, white, with a
yellowish tinge.

On dead fern-roots, stumps, &c. Uncommon. Oct.

Name vertex, top ; ruga, a wrinkle. Berk. (A. undatus) Eng. Fl. v. p. 51.
Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 147. Illust. PI. 149. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 116.

208. A. stipitarius Fr. Pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane,
umbilicate, velvety-squamulose, or fuscous-fibrillose. Stem stuffed
then fistulose, tough, date-brown, sliaggy-fibrillose. Gills separat-
ing-free, ventricose, somewhat distant, \vhite.

On grass, thatch, twigs, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, not 2
mm. (i lin.) thick. Its habit is that of Marasmius perforans. Name stipes,
a stem. Growing on stems. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 116. Berk. Out. p. 116. t.
5./. 6. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 116. Hussey i. t. 68. C. Illust. PL 149. b. A.
scabellus Alb. & Schw. t. 9. /. 6, not S. M. A. caulicinalis Bull. t. 522./. 2
(a remarkable variety, not With., Sow., Sw., &c.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 158. C.
Hbk. n. 144.

Gills "very narrow, very crowded.

209. A. hariolorum B.C. Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.)
broad, whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulato-
convex then flattened, obtuse, rather depressed, even, smooth,
somewhat striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, somewhat equal,
somewhat compressed, for the most part covered over with whitish
somewhat woolly villous down, naked and pallid only at the very
apex, otherwise fuscous-rufescent, internally villous at the sides.

104 AGARICUS.

Coliybia. Gills at first slightly adnexed, soon free', somewhat crowded, linear,
whitish.

Gregarious, somewhat csespitose, strong-smelling. Like Marasmius ery
thropus, but a true Agaric, nearest to A. confl-uens.

In woods. Coed Coch.

Spores 6-7 x 3-3 % mk. B. Name hariolus, a soothsayer. Another name
of the species is A. sagarum, from saga, a witch. The names seem to indi-
cate some superstitious idea attached in France to the Agaric, or some super-
stitious use made of it. Dec. Fl.fr. ii. p. 182. Bull. t. 585. /. 2. Fr. Mon-
ogr, i. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 117. B. 6 Br. n. 1740. C. Illust. PL 150.
A. sagarum Seer. n. 735.

210. A. confluens Pers. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and mors
broad, hygrophanous, rufescent when moist, wholly white when
dry, slightly fleshy, but tough, flaccid, convex then flattened, at
first obtuse, at length however (contrary to rule) broadly and
obtusely umbonate, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even
when dry. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and
more thick, but widened in lying flat against others and occa-
sionally truly united in a bundle, and dilated chiefly at the apex,
fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, rufous, everywhere pulverulent
with dense white villous down. Gills free, at length remote from
the stem, very crowded, very narrow, linear, flesh-colour then
whitish.

Growing in troops, many individual specimens becoming confluent in rows
by the expanded floccose mycelium, but easily separating each from the
other, not truly casspitose. In external appearance various Marasmii are
very like it. A. hariolorum, A. ingratus, and? A. acervatus are allied to it.

In woods. Frequent. June-Oct.

Name confluo, to flow together. From the cohering stems. Pers.Syn.p.
368. Ic. pict. t. 5-/. i. Fr. Monogr. p. 156. Hym. Eur. p. 117. Berk.
Out. p. 116. C. Hbk. n. 145. Illust. PL 150. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 117. Saund.
& Sm. t. 30. Fl. Bat. t. 1083. Buxb. C. iv. t. 20. Batschf. 104 var.

211. A. ingratus Schum. Pileus 4 cent. (i> in.) broad, dingy
fuscous-tan, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate then ex-

panded, tnnbonate, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick or in becoming compressed still broader,
cartilaginous, flstulose, flexuous, twined, becoming fuscous, not
rooted at the base, at length umber, white-mealy above, internally
villous at the sides. Gills free, very crowded and narrow, but
slightly ventricose, quite entire, pallid.

Caespitose, tough, with a mouldy odour. A smaller form occurs : Pileus
2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, convex then plane. Stem 4 cent. (iK in.) long, only
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, pulverulent, attenuated and smooth downwards, exter-
nally and internally of the same colour as the pileus, not rufescent.

LEUCOSPORI. 105

In woods. Uncommon. Aug. Coilybia.

Differs principally from A. con^iens in the gills not leaving a free space
round the top of the stem. M.J.B, Name ingratus, unpleasant. From
the odour. Schiim. p. 304. Fr. Monogr. i. -p. 156. Hym. Eiir. p. n 8. Icon.
t. 64. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 116. var. pileus convex, obtuse ; stem villoso-pulver-
ulent. C. Hbk. n. 146. Illust. PL 283. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 118.

212. A. conigenus Pers. Pileus about 1-2.5 cent. (j-i in.)
broad, brick-livid or pale yellowish -livid then becoming pale,
slightly fleshy, slightly firm, convex then rather plane, some-
what nmbonate, unequal, often angular, also depressed, smooth,
slightly striate at the margin when moist. Stem sometimes 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, sometimes elongated to 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), deli-
cately fistulose, cartilaginous, tough, \j}\Q\\y filiform, of the same
colour as the pileus, at the first white-pulverulent throughout, when
larger at length somewhat naked, rooted at the strigose tail-shaped
base. Gills at first slightly adnexed, soon separating, free, very
crowded, plane, linear, quaternate, white, becoming pale.

For the most part gregarious. Variable in stature and form. There is a
variety at the first pale nay white, smaller. Alb. dr 5 Schw. Var. porcina be-
coming dingy yellow, pileus slightly striate, stem elongated, filiform.

On fir-cones. Common. Sept.-Dec.

Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 3~4X2mk. K. ; 3x4 mk. W. G.S. ;
4-6 x 2-3 mk. B. Name comes, a cone ; gigno, to bear. Growing on cones.
Pers. Syn. p. 388. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 158. Hym. Eur. p. 118. Icon. t. 67. f.
3. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 148. Illust. PI. 130. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
119. Buxb. C. \. t. $7. f. 2.

213. A. cirrhatus Schum. Pileus from the size of a pin's head
to 10-12 mm. (5-6 lin.) broad, white, opaque, slightly fleshy,
conico-convex then plane, then at the middle umbilicato-depressed
and rufescent often with a small central protuberance, slightly
silky, at length very delicately and often concentrically rivulose.
Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, delicately fistulose, filiform, flex-
uous, pallid, white-piilverulent, rooted with ^.fibrillose twisted tail.
Gills adnate, at length however occasionally separating, crowded^
linear, very narrow, very unequal, white.

It is often difficult to detect the interior tube of the stem. Very variable in
size and stature, but always very small, tough. It never has a radical tuber.
Growing in troops. Intimately related to A. conigemis and A. tuberosus, but
widely distant from A. ocellatus, which is like it.

Among leaves, &c., and on blackened fungi. Common. Aug.-
Nov.

Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 4-2x3 mk. K.; 3-6x2-3 mk. B.
Name cirrus, a curl. From the root. Schum. n. 1773. Fr. Monogr. i. p.

106 AGARICUS.

Collybia. 159. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Icon. t. 68. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. ?i.
149. Illust. PL 144. B. S. My col. Scot. n. 120.

214. A. tuberosus Bull. Pileus4-S mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white,
slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate but not umbilicato-de-
pressed, slightly silky then becoming smooth, even, opaque. Stem
12 mm. (}4 in.) or more long, i m. (%. lin.) thick, somewhat fis-
tnlose, commonly ascending, equal, obsoletely pulverulent, white,
rarely rufescent, the base -wholly smooth, attached to a tuber.
Gills adnate, crowded, thin, unequal, slightly ventricose, white.

Very small, but tough, slightly firm, gregarious. Always growing on a
tuber, which is solid, smooth, sclerotioid, becoming yellow. The stem is often
elongated, sometimes proliferous. It is often difficult to detect the internal
tube of the stem from its thinness.

On dead Agarics, and Polyporus squamosus. Common. Aug.-

Nov.

The summer form has no tuberous root ; later in the year the tuber is
formed, which produces its pileus the following season. B. & Br. Spores
3x2 mk. W.G.S. Name tuber, a tuber. Tuberous-rooted. Bull. t. 256.
Fr. Monogr. p. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Berk. Out. p. 117. B. & Br. n.
1205*. C. Hbk. n. 150. Illust. PI. 144. a. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 121. Grev.
t. 23. Fl. Dan. t. 1613. Quel. t. 3. / 5. Batschf. 93.

215. A. racemosus Pers. Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
convex, papillate, somewhat tomentose-grey. Stem somewhat
stuffed, racemose with sz'mpte (unbranched} small-headed hairs, the
sclerotioid base black. Gills adnate, crowded, white.

Of the same stature as A. tuberosus from which it differs in the sclerotioid
tuber being larger, irregularly shaped, and black, in the stem being somewhat
stuffed, in a wholly peculiar manner racemose with simple, eqiially long, small-
headed hairs, 2.5 cent, (i in.), and not pruinose, and in the pileus being
thinner, papillato-convex, slightly grey-villous and of a grey colour in all its
parts except the gills which are white. The small heads on the stem resemble
Stilbum.

On the ground, and rotten fungi. Very rare. King's Cliffe.

It turns black in drying. M.J.B. Name raccmus, a cluster. Pers. Disp.
t. 3. f. 8. (Nees. f. 190). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 119. Monogr. \. p. 160. Berk.
Out. p. 1 1 8. C. Hbk. n. 151. Sow. t. 287. A. globulifer Brand. Cr. Ag. t.
6.f. 6, 7.

I II. LyEVIPEDES.

* Gills broad, lax, commonly more or less distant.

216. A. collinus Scop. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( T ~ 2 m -) broad, be-
coming pale-fuscous or pale-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, campan-
tilate then expanded and when flattened umbonate, smooth, some-
what viscous and slightly striate when moist, when dry even, shin-

LEUCOSPORI. 107

ing; flesh thin white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. Coilybia.
(2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat fragile, somewhat equal, or
slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, pallid-whitish, pubes-
cent at the base. Gills adnexed when young, then/r^?, somewhat
distant, broad, lax, quaternate, becoming pale-white.

Commonly gregarious. Habit that of Mycena, but the margin is at first
incurved.

On grassy slopes, beech-stumps. Uncommon. Oct.

Name collis, a hill. From its habitat. Scop. Cam. p. 132. Fr. Monogr.
\. p. 161. Hym. Eur. p. 119. B. & Br. n. 1206. Seem. Journ. Bot. iv. p.
347. C. Hbk. n. 153. Illust. PL 205. Schceff. t. 220. Fl. Dan. t. 1609.
A. arundinaceus Bull. t. 403. f. i.

217. A. ventricosus Bull. Pileus tan or isabelline, slightly
fleshy, campanulato-convex, umbonate, smooth. Stem fistulose,
even, naked, rufescent, 'ventricose at the base, rooted. Gills arcuato-
adfixed, ventricose, lax, somewhat crowded, undulated, rufescent.

Allied to A. dryophilus, but broader and more lax. Var. albus Bull. t. 411.
/. B.

In woods. Bathford, 1874, c. Oct.

Name venter, the belly. From the ventricose base. Bull. t. 411. f. i, not
Schum. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 120. B. & Br. n. 1514, 1741. C. Illust. PL 145.
A.

218. A. Stevenson! B. & Br. Pileus 12 mm. (y in.) broad and
high, pallid yellow, semiovate, obtuse, viscid, here and there spotted
by the viscous matter. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, thin, scarcely
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards, composed of
fibres, internally and externally slightly rufous, rooting. Gills
adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, distant, white.

Allied to A. ventricosus, but differing in its slender almost solid stem, viscid
semiovate pileus, and very broad, adnate, somewhat ventricose, plane gills.

In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug.

The root is remarkable, somewhat long and thread-like, going deep into the
soil. Name after Rev. John Stevenson. B. & Br. n. 1497. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 122. C. Illust. PL 145. B.

219. A. psathyroides Cke. Ivory-white. Pileus 18 mm.

in.) broad, nearly 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, campanulate, obtuse, rather
viscid, margin regular, even. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
hollow, erect, slender, equal, rather tough. Gills adnate, with a
decurrent tooth, very broad, triangular, rather distant, persistently
white.

Spores elliptic, colourless, '015 x '007 mm. Allied to A. Stevensoni. Re-

I08 AGARICUS.

Collybia. sembling in habit some Psathyra or Panceolus, but the spores are absolutely
colourless when fully mature.

On the ground. Epping Forest, 1880. Oct.

Name Psathyra-like. Cooke Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 155. Illust. PI. 266.

220. A. xanthopus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( : ~ 2 m -) broad, tan
then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulato- convex then
expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry, margin at length spread-
ing, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) and more thick, tough, fistulose, equal, even, smooth,
yellow-tawny, strigosely rooted at the base. Gills truncate behind,
at first adnexed, soon free, crowded, very broad, lax, whitish.

Allied to A. dryophilus, from the common form of which it may be safely
distinguished by its umbo, by its broad lax gills, and by the base of the stem.

On stumps and among leaves. Uncommon. July.

Name |cw06?, yellow ; wous, a foot. Yellow-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. /.
161. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 154. Illust. PL
203. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 123. Batschf. 209 (var. stem tawny).

221. A. nitellinus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i> in.) broad,
when moist tawny or brick-tawny, when dry somewhat tan, some-
what membranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, polished,
but when more accurately examined somewhat riigulose, pellucido-
striate when moist ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3
in.) long, 3 mm. (\% lin.) thick, appearing cartilaginous from its
rigidity and polished surface, but at length soft, and readily
splitting into fibrils, stuffed then fistulose, equal, flexuous, some-
what rooted, smooth, slightly striate, ferruginous-tawny, yellow
when dry, often white villous at the base, more rarely obsoletely
pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, very obtuse behind and equally
attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, narrow, whitish.

There is a smaller variety with the pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, umbonate,
and the stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long. Solitary or gregarious, inodorous.
From its having the habit of A. laccatus, and the stem internally fibrous, it
approaches Clitocybcc, to which it was formerly referred, but from its polished
shining stem it is better referred to Collybia.

By roads in wood. Shrewsbury.

Name nitella, a squirrel. From its colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 142. Hym.
Eur. p. 120. Icon. t. 65. /. i, 2. B. &> Br. n. 1742. C. Illust. PI. 146.
Var. with crowded gills.

222. A. succineus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufous or
brown-fuscous becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex: then flattened,
obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, rimosely split when dry,

LEUCOSPORI. 109

even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 m -) l n g> 2 ~4 mm - ( l ~ 2 ^ n -) Coiiybia.
thick, fistulose, tough, equal but attenuated at the base and not
rooted, even, everywhere smooth, polished, pallid-rufescent. Gills
adnate, obtuse behind, not much crowded, very broad, rather thick,
becoming pale white, edge serrulated.

Solitary, inodorous. The pileus is easily split at the margin. It may be
safely distinguished from A. dryophilus by its broad, thicker, and less crowded
gills. The only allied species is A. nitellinus.

In mixed wood. Coed Coch, c. Aug.

The plant is much darker in colour than the name would imply. Name
succinum, amber. Amber-coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p.
120. Icon. t. 65. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1339. <S. MycoL Scot. n. 124. Schceff. t.
45. C. Illust. PI. 151.

223. A. nunnnularius Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) and more
broad, pallid, variegated here and there with yellow and reddish,
slightly fleshy, rather plane, depressed round the obsolete umbo,
even. Stem 4 cent, (1% in.) long, stuffed then hollow, smooth,
pallid, thickened at the apex. Gills free, somewhat distant,
white.

Beautiful, arid.

In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. July-Oct.

Name nummulus, a small coin. From some fancied resemblance to a coin
in shape. The name of the subgenus indicates the same. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
120. B. & Br. n. 1743. S. MycoL Scot. n. 125. C. Illust. PL 151. Am.
nummularia Lamark. Bull. t. 56. Batt. t. 22. A.

224. A. esculentus Wulf. Pileus 12 mm. (Y 2 in.) and more
broad, ochraceous-clay, often becoming fuscous, slightly Jleshy,
convex then plane, orbicular, obtuse, smooth, even, or when old
slightly striate; flesh tough, white, savoury. Stem 2.5 cent, (i
in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, or filiform and
wholly equal, obsoletely fistulose, tough, tense and straight, even,
smooth, slightly shining, clay-yellow, with a long, perpendicular,
commonly smooth, tail-like root. Gills adnexed, even decurrent
with a very thin small tooth, then separating, very broad, almost
obovate, lax, somewhat distant, whitish, sometimes clay-colour.

Gregarious but never caespitose. The tube of the stem is very narrow.
The gills are not so pure white as in A. tenacellus. Although it seems to
be well distinguished from A. tenacellus in its life-history as well as in its
colour, individual specimens occur which can often be determined only with
difficulty, and many, which appear at first sight to admit of no doubt, have
been ascertained, on digging up the root, to belong to A. tenacellus var.
stolonifer.

In pastures and grassy places near plantations. Common.
April-May.

110 AGARICUS.

Collybia. Edible, but rather bitter in flavour. In Austria, where it seems to be plenti-

ful, it is sold under the name of Nagelschwamme, nail-mushroom. Name
esculentiis, esculent. Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. ii. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
1 66. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 158. Illust. PL
152. S. My col. Scot. n. 126. Tratt. Essb. Schw. t. F. Lenz. f. 18. A. per-
pendicularis Bull. t. 422. f. 2. A. clavus Brig. Neap. t. 5. f. 4. Vaill. t. n.
/. 1 6-1 8.

225. A. tenacellus Pers. Pileus about 12 mm. (^ in.) broad,
fuscous then becoming pale, livid, very rarely white, slightly fleshy,
convex then flattened, orbicular, somewhat umbonate t even, smooth ;
flesh white, not hygrophanous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
but here and there lengthened to 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.), scarcely
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obsoletely fistulose (tube very narrow), wholly
equal, tense and straight, but pliable, even, smooth, becoming
tawny, naked and white at the apex, with a fib} illose tail-like root
at the base. Gills emarginato-adnexed, broad, ventricose, hence
they appear lax, somewhat distant, distinct, quaternate, snow-
white.

Odour none ; taste not unpleasant. Solitary though sometimes in troops ;
very tough.

In pine woods, among leaves or cones. Common. Autumn-
Spring.

Easily distinguished by the broad, emargmato-a.diiexed gills. Spores 3x6
mk. W.G.S.; 6-8x4 m k- B. Name diminutive, tenax, tough. Toughish.
Pers. Syn. p. 387. Ic. pict. t. i./". 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 165. Hym. Eur.
p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 157. Illust. PL 152. S. My col.
Scot. n. 127. A. griseus Schceff. t. 236 (small.)

* A. stolonifer Jungh. Pileus fuscous becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, rather plane, obtuse (somewhat depressed), smooth, margin
slightly striate. Stem fistulose, equal, smooth, becoming fuscous,
with a creeping, somewhat stoloniferous (sparingly fibrillose) roots
Gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, somewhat distant, whitish.

Very singular in the creeping root (a prolongation of the stem continuous
with it, not mycelium), which in neighbouring species is perpendicular ; other-
wise so near to A. tenacellus and A. esculentus that it seems to unite these.

In pine woods,, among leaves. Frequent. Autumn-Spring.

Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 3-4 mk. K. Name stole, a sucker ; fero, to bear.
Stolon-bearing. From the root. Jung Linn. 1830, p. 396. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 121. Monogr. i. /. 165. B. dr 3 Br. n. 1744. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot.
Nat. vol. vi. /. 214. C. Illust. PL 152. B. A. tenacellus var. Fr. in Fl. Dan.

t. 2O2I. f. 2.

Gills narrow, crowded.
226. A. acervatus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, flesh-

LEUCOSPORI. Ill

colour when moist, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then Collybia.
flattened, obtuse or at length gibbous ; margin at first involute, at
length flattened and slightly striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.)
long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, rigid-fragile,
slightly attenuated upwards, rarely compressed, very smooth with
exception of the base, even, rufous, sometimes brown ; tube of the
stem internally smooth. Gills at first adnexed, soon free, very
crowded, linear, narrow, plane, flesh-colour then whitish.

Ccespitoso-fasciculate ; stems crowded, very numerous, united and white-
tomentose at the base. Nearest to A. confluens in affinity, but a wholly dis-
tinguished species. At first sight like Marasmius erythropus, but the stem is
wholly smooth.

In woods, among fir. Frequent. Autumn.

Resembling A. dryophilus. In the British plant the inner walls of the fistu-
lose stem are strigose. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6x3 mk. K. ; 4-6 x 2-4 mk.
B. Name acervus, a heap. From the habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. i. /.
160. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Icon. t. 64. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n.
152. I II list. PL 267. S. My col. Scot. n. 128.

227. A. dryophilus Bull. Pileus bay-brown-rufous, &c., be-
coming pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo-
plane, obtuse, commonly depressed in the centre, even, smooth ;
margin at first inflexed then flattened ; flesh thin, white. Stem
cartilaginous, remarkably fistulose, thin, even, smooth, somewhat
rooting, commonly becoming yellow or rufescent. Gills somewhat
free, with a small decurrent tooth, but appearing adnexed when
the pileus is depressed, crowded, narrow, distinct, plane, white or
becoming pale.

The above description contains the points in which very different forms
agree. Pileus bay-rufous, becoming yellow, clay-colour ; in drier pine woods
in the beginning of summer there is a common form with the pileus and gills
white and stem yellow. The gills vary sulphur-yellow, sometimes (in a diseased
state) tan-cinnamon. Solitary or laxly gregarious, inodorous. There are
numerous monstrous forms which are very deceiving (compare Fl. Dan. t.
2019. /. i, 2). A. stem elongated, flexuous, decumbent, inflated at the base;
pileus broader, lobed ; gills white. B. funicularis, larger, casspitose, the lax
and decumbent stem equal and villous at the base, gills sulphur-yellow. These
forms, analogous with A. repensBull., occur on heaps of leaves. C. countless
specimens growing together in a large cluster; steins thick, inflated, irregularly
shaped, sulcate, brown, the mycelium collecting the soil in the form of a ball ;
pilei very irregularly shaped, full of angles, undulated, blackish then bay-
brown. In gardens.

In woods, among leaves, c. Common. Spring-Autumn.

Pileus commonly 2.5-7.5 cent - ( J -3 in -) broad - Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 6 mm. (% in.) thick. Badham refers to a case in which illness was
caused by eating it. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name Spv?, oak ; <iA.o?, loving.
Bull. t. 434. Fr. Monogr. p. 162. Hym. E^lr. p. 122., Berk. Out. p. 119.
C. Hbk. n. 155. Illust. PL 204. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 129. Sow. t. 127.
Hussey i. /. 39. Badh. i. t. 8. /. 2, ii. t. j.f. $.Scha>ff. t. 45.

112 AGARICUS.

Coliybia. 228. A. aquosus Bull. Pileus watery, ochraceous or brick-

colour then whitish, slightly fleshy, rather plane, obtuse, smooth,
hygrophanous, margin striate. Stem fistulose naked, rufous-tawny,
fibrillose at the base. Gills rounded-free, crowded, narrow, tense
and straight, white or pallid.

Among moss. Coed Coch, &c. Autumn.

In ' Monographia ' the plant is described as A. aquosus Fr. and the plant of
Bulliard is referred to as a trivial form, holding a doubtful place between it
and A. dryophihis. This view is followed in ' Icones,' but has not been con-
firmed in ' Hym Eur.' The difference is scarcely appreciable, the stem being
described as stuffed, while in Bulliard's plant it is fistulose. Spores 5-6 x 3-4
mk. B. Name aqua, water. From its watery nature. B^lll. t. 12. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 122. Monogr. i. p. 163. Icon. t. 66. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1340.
C. Illnst. PI. 234.

229. A. extuberans Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - C 1 - 2 m -) broad,
rufous - fuscous, bay -brown, occasionally becoming pale, but
not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, orbicu-
lar, and at length depressed round the prominent umbo, even,
smooth, slightly viscid when moist; flesh white. Stem 4 cent.
(i}4 in.) long, 3 mm. (\y z lin.) thick, tough, fistulose, equal, tense
and straight, smooth, even, shining, of the same colour as the
pileus or paler, rooted at the base. Gills somewhat free, reach-
ing the stem with a small tooth, crowded, narrow, plane, white.

The pileus is larger and solitary when growing on the ground, smaller when
csespitose and growing on trunks. Appearing in spring and again in autumn.
It is intermediate between A. dryophihis and A. tenaccllus, clearly distinct
from the former in the stem being tense and straight and rooted, and in the
pileus being umbonate, and from the latter in the gills being crowded and nar-
row. The umbo is rarely so prominent as in the figure of Battarra.

On the ground and trunks. Foxley. Sept.

Name extuberans, swelling. From the swollen umbo. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
164. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 67. f. i. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. Bulla
extuberans Batt. t. 28. f. i.

230. A. exsculptus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I ~ 2 m -) broad,
tawny-brown not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo-
expanded, truly umbilicate, unchangeable, smooth. Stem short,
2.5 cent. ( i in.) long, fistulose, thin, incurved, smooth, bright sul-
phur-yellow. Gills somewhat free (decurrent with a small tooth),
arcuate, linear, very crowded, bright sulphur-yellow.

Gregarious. Allied to the protean A. dryophihis, but separated from it on
account of its being wholly more arid and tough, and on account of the bright
sulphur- yellow of the whole plant with exception of the pileus which is darker.

On old stumps and in fir woods. Uncommon. June-Oct.

LEUCOSPORI. 113

Gills transversely striate. B. & Br. Name exsculptus, hollowed out. Collybia.
From its being umbilicate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 123.
Icon. t. 66. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 119. B. &> Br. n. 1109. C- Hbk. n. 156.
Illust. PL 268. S. My col. Scot. n. 130.

231. A. macilentus Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
dark yellow, slightly fleshy, convex then becoming plane, obtuse,
orbicular, even, smooth, absolutely dry; flesh thin, yellow.
Stem 4 cent, (i^ in-) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obso-
letely fistulose, tough, cartilaginous, filiform-equal, not tense and
straight but here and there flexuous, naked, smooth, bright light-
yellow, slightly rooted at the base. Gills separating-free, very
crowded, narrow, linear, very unequal, of a beautiful pure yellow.

Its colour is so entirely that of A. cerinus that it may be easily confounded
with very small forms of that species. A. cerinus differs, however, in the stem
being stuffed, wholly fibrous, not cartilaginous, and externally fibrilloso-striate,
in the pileus being at length depressed, dingy yellow, in the white flesh, and
in the gills being broader and in very small forms adnate.

In pine wood. Corstorphine, c.

Spores ovoid- pruniform, 5-6 mk. Q. Name macies, leanness. From the
thin flesh. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 66. f. i. B.
& Br. n. 1848. C. Illust. PI. 268.

232. A. clavus Linn. Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, orange-
scarlet, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, very thin, conico-convex
then plane, somewhat papillate, smooth, shining, margin slightly
striate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, obsoletely fistulose,
or only marked with a paler line, very thin, filiform, naked,
smooth, whitish, somewhat strigose at the base. Gills adnexed,
ventricose, rather broad, somewhat crowded, but not numerous,
white, rarely becoming yellow.

The smallest and among the rarest species in the group, but long celebrated
on account of its splendid colours (like those of A. acicula, with which it must
not be confounded).

On twigs, leaves, &c. Rare.

Differing from A. acicula in its white stem and gills. M. J. B. Name

clavus, a nail. From its nail-like shape. Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1212. Bull. t. 148.

A C, 569. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 119.

C. Hbk. n. 159. Illust. PI. 147. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 131. Pa^ll. t. 97. f. 3.

Vaill. Par. t. n./. 19-20.

233. A. ocellatus Fr. Pileus scarcely reaching 12 mm. (% in.)
broad, often less, whitish, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then
plane, marked with small eye-like spots at the depressed, darker
(fuscous, rufous, light yellowish), umbonate disc, even, margin
here and there crenulate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
long, delicately fistulose, equal, filiform, tough, smooth, naked (in

H

114 AGARICUS.

Collybia no wise pulverulent), becoming whitish-fuscous or becoming yel-
low, somewhat rooted and fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, at
length separating, crowded, the alternate ones shorter, white.

Arid, moderately persistent. Not to be confounded with A. cirrhatus, to
which it is like, but not allied.

Among leaves and in grassy places. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Name ocellus, a little eye. From the eye-like spots. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
167. Hym. Eitr. p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. n. 160. Illust. PL
147. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 132. Bull. t. 569. _/; i. HP.

234. A. muscigenus Schum. Wholly shining white. Pileus
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat membranaceous> pellucid,
globoso - hemispherical then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth,
withering up, the margin entire and persistent, not revolute. Stem
2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed (QK account of its thinness),
capillary, flexuous, flaccid, smooth and naked, somewhat rooting
at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, linear, the alter-
nate ones shorter, edge quite entire.

Very thin. A. capillaris is easily distinguished by its broader distant gills.
Among moss and grass. Coed Coch, 1873, & c * Aug.

Name muscus, moss; gigno, to bear. Growing on moss. Schum. p. 307.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 168. Hym. Eur. p. 124. B. & Br. n. 1408. Fl. Dan.
t. 2023. /. i. Mich. t. 73. /. 4. C. Illust. PL 147.

SERIES B.
IV. TEPHROPHANyE.

* Gills crowded, sojnewhat narrow.

235. A. rancidus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - O" 2 m -) anc ^ more
broad, not hygrophanous, lead-colour-black, fuliginous, becoming
pale, at first veiled with a whitish, adpressed, silky-pruinose dew,
^\\^Ci^ fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex then plane, broadly and
obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, viscid when long wetted. Stem
7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid,
tense and straight, equal, smooth, even, livid, with a long, fusi-
form, villous root. Gills free, crowded, narrow, but ventricose,
dark cinereous, somewhat pruinose.

Strong odour of new meal, somewhat rancid. Var. Pileus 6 cent. (2^ in.)
broad, shining, almost black, bullate, repand, depressed round the umbo, and
outside this depression encircled with an elevated ridge. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.)
long, root short. Gills linear, veined and connected by veins, fuliginous,
white pruinose.

LEUCOSPORI. 115

In woods about trunks. Burnham Beeches, 1875, c. Nov. Collybia.

The smell is very peculiar ; the gills very dark, so as to be easily mistaken for
those of a Hebeloma. B. 6-= Br. Spores 7-10x3-4 mk. B. Name ran-
cidus, rancid. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 125.
Icon. t. 69. f. i. B. &> Br. n. 1513. Kalchbr. t. 6. f. 4. Hoffm. Ic. t. 12
f. 2. C. Illust. PL 153.

236. A. coracinus Fr. --Pileus 4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) and more
broad, hygrophanous, fuscous and shining when in vigour, grey
and opaque when old, somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo-
expanded, sometimes umbonate, sometimes depressed, often
irregularly formed and undulated, even or wrinkled round the
margin, smooth ; flesh white, scissile. Stem 4 cent. (\y 2 in.) long,
4 mm. (2 lin.), but in becoming flattened, S-io mm. (4-5 lin.)
broad, hollow, remarkably cartilaginous, tough and rigid when
young, at length fragile, for the most part compressed, irregularly
formed (occurring also lacunose), somewhat attenuated down-
wards and not rooted, becoming fuscous, mealy 'with white
squamules at the apex. Gills obtusely adnate, separating, so that
they often appear free, broad (chiefly behind), scarcely crowded,
at first distinct, then connected by veins, whitish-grey.

The gills are connected by veins chiefly in irregularly formed specimens.
Strong odour of new meal.

In grassy places, fir plantations. Batheaston, 1865. Nov.

Name *opa|, a raven. Raven-black. The plant is not so dark in colour
as the name would indicate. Spores ovoid-spherical, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 125. Icon. t. 69. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1207.
C. Illust. PL 153.

237. A. ozes Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad,
HygrophanouS) grey-fuscous when moist, becoming clay-fuscous,
pallid when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, itmbonate,
smooth, striate at the very margin when moist, even throughout
when dry. Stem 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in-) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
containing a pith then hollow, equal or scarcely sensibly attenu-
ated from the base, lax, flexuous, fragile, slightly striate, fulig-
inous-grey, white-mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, somewhat
ventricose, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire,

fuliginous-olivaceous.

Odour strong of new meal.

On the ground. Hothorpe, Norths., 1882. Feb.

Gills cinereous, veined. B. & Br. Name 6oj, to have a smell, either
sweet or stinking. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 125. B. dr 5 Br. ?i.
1996.

Il6 AGARICUS.

238. A. inoleiis Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 i n -) broad, hygro-
phanous, livid when moist, becoming pale-tan and slightly silky
when dry, but opaque, slightly fieshy, campanulato-convex then
plane, for the most part obtusely and broadly umbonate, very-
smooth, margin at first inflexed, then expanded, striate, here and
there undulated. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 2-3
mm. (i-i/4 lin.) thick and broader in becoming compressed, rigid,
delicately fistulose, at length softer and hollow, equal, undulated
on the surface, livid, becoming pale when dry, 'white strigose at
the base and white squamulose at the apex. Gills adfixed, separat-
ing, somewhat free, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, linear or a little
ventricose, somewhat imbricated, whitish-grey.

The pileus is not so cartilaginous as in A. rancidus and A. coracinus.
Manifestly related to these, but the odour is -weak, and often obsolete.

In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-8 x 3-4 rnk. K. Name inolens, scentless. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 126. Icon. t. 69. f. 3, 4. B. & Br. n.
1208. C. Hbk. n. 161. Illust. PI. 154. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 133.

239. A. plexipes Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 m -) broad, at
first blackish, whitish at the margin, then fuliginous -livid,
fleshy- membranaceous, campanulate (not flattened), umbonate,
somewhat wrinkled, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, wholly cartilaginous,
but the surface under a lens is silky fibrous with the closely ad-
pressed entwined fibrils, and slightly striate, livid, shortly a?id
bluntly rooted at the base and not strigose. Gills very much
attenuated behind, free, ventricose, somewhat crowded, white then
becoming glaucous.

Most distinct ; quite inodorous, tough, firm, very like Mycen<z rigipedes, but
not allied to these. By analogy it is nearest to A. ranc^d^^s.

In woods. Uncommon. Oct.

Spores 4x8 mk. IV.G.S. Name plecto, to twist; pes, a foot. With
twisted stem. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 173. Hym. Eur. p. 126. B. & Br. n. 1209.
C. Hbk. n. 162. Illust. PL 154 b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 134. Fl. Dan. t. 2023.

/2.

240. A. atratus Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
pitch-black and shining when moist, fuscous when dry, slightly
fiesJiy, firm, piano-depressed at the disc, convex towards the

margin, orbicular, very even, smooth, viscid when very long
wetted. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2
lin.), thick, stuffed (at length fistulose), remarkably cartilaginous,
tough, equal or thickened upwards, round, even, smooth, externally

LEUCOSPORI. 117

and internally fuscous. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, at first Collybia.
arcuate, then plane, rather broad, somewhat distant, whitish then
grey, becoming fuscous.

Inodorous, late ; a small but firm species. Widely removed from all the
preceding species in this group. Between Collybia and Omphalia.

On burnt soil. Uncommon. Nov.

Spores 5x4 mk. IV. G.S. Name ater, black, dark - coloured. Fr.
Monogr. i. /. 175. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Icon. t. 70. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 120.
C. Hbk. n. 165. Illust. PL 155. S. Mycol. Scot. . 135.

241. A. ambustus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first
fuscous, then fuscous-livid, somewhat membranaceous, convex then
plane, at length depressed, umbonate 'with a minute papilla,
smooth, at first even, then slightly striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
long, rarely more, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, at length fistu-
lose, truly cartilaginous, tense and straight, livid-fuscous, pruinose
when young, naked when full grown. Gills adnate, with a decur-
rent tooth, crowded, plane, lanceolate, becoming fuscous.

Very small, tough, often gregarious, inodorous, wholly fuliginous. Very
closely allied in reality to A. atratus, but as that species inclines to Omphalics,
this inclines to Alycenee, but the margin being at the first involute shows that it
is a true Collybia.

On scorched ground. Kew, c.

Spores 5 mk. W. P. TXameamburo, to burn. From its growing on burnt
ground. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 175. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Icon. t. 70. f. 2. B. cr"
Br. n. 1409. C. Illust. PI. 155.

** Gills very broad, more or less distant.

242. A. laceratus Lasch. Pileus 4 cent. (\y 2 in.) broad, fulig-
inous, at length becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, campanu-
late, somewhat blunt, moist, streaked with fuscous lines, cracked,
slightly shining. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, stuffed then
hollow, firm, twisted, fibroso-striate, floccoso-pruinose at the
apex, at length compressed, slightly shining. Gills adnexed,
distant, broad, thick, white-grey.

Somewhat caespitose. Occupying an irregular place among Collybics, but
allied to A. platyphyllus.

In pine woods. Rare. Autumn.

Spores ovoid-spherical, 6-7 mk. Q. Name lacero, to tear. Torn. Lasch.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. ?i. 163.

243. A. murinus Batsch. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more
broad, fuscous-brown, becoming pale when old, slightly fleshy,

Il8 AGARICUS.

Collybia. slightly tough, companulato-convex then expanded, obtuse or um-
bilicate, without striae, slightly wrinkled or very thinly squamu-
lose, the margin, which is at first involute, always even. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, tense
and straight, not rooted and pubescent only at the base, at first
sight smooth, but somewhat fibrillose when examined under a lens,
becoming cinereous, white and when young as if flocculose at the
apex. Gills attenuato-adnexcd, very broad, almost obovate, rather
thick, distant, distinct, white at length becoming cinereous.

Inodorous. Its affinity is perhaps nearest to A. atratus.
In wood. Marlborough Forest, 1863. Oct.

Name mus, a mouse. Mouse-coloured. Batsch f. 19 (if white-spored).
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 172. Hym. Eur. p. 128. B. & Br. n. 1210.

244. A. protractus Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
grey-fuscous, shining, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane,
the slightly fleshy depressed disc often with the rudiment of a
central umbo, the paler margin manifestly striate. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long above ground, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, delicately fistulose,
remarkably cartilaginous, but at length soft, tense and straight,
even, wholly smooth, livid-grey, under ground extended in the

form of a root which is attenuated downwards and fibroso-strigose.
Gills adfixed, but very ventricose, as if truncate behind, very broad
(6 mm., 3 lin., and more), somewhat distant, grey, delicately white-
pruinose.

Scarcely strong-smelling; very different from A. inolens.

On mossy ground beside stumps, &c. Rare. Aug.-Nov.

Name protraho, to draw out. From the prolongation of the stem in a
root-like form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 173. Hym. Eiir. p. 128. Icon. t. 67. f. 2.
B. & Br. n. mo. C. Hbk. n. 164. Illust. PL 270. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 136.

245. A. tesquorum Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad,
fuscous-black, becoming pale, fleshy- membranaceous, slightly
firm, convex, very obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh of the same colour.
Stem 4 cent. (i]/2 in.) long, not reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) broad,
fistulose, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuous, smooth, fuscous,
mealy at the apex. Gills free, very ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
broad, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous.

Scattered. Odour none. Formerly .overlooked on account of its very small
stature and dirty colours, but very distinct. Easily distinguished from species
nearest to it by its free broad gills.

In waste ground and open pastures. Ascot.

LEUCOSPORI. IIQ

Name tesqua, waste places. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 290. Icon. t. 70. /. 3. Collybia.
B. 6" Br. n. 1745. C. Ill list. PL 270.

246. A. clusilis Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>-i in.) broad, livid
when moist, becoming pale, grey-clay-colour when dry, somewhat
membranaceous, rather plane, broadly depressed in the centre, very
much sloped downwards towards the margin, which is at first
incurved, even, smooth, soft-fragile, slightly striate at the margin
when moist, even throughout when dry. Stem 4 cent, (i X in.)
long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly cartilaginous, soft, how-
ever, and flexile, stuffed 'with a -white floccose pith, equal, even,
smooth, polished, livid. Gills adnate, plane, with a decurrent
tooth, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, not ventricose, but in the form
of a segment, on account of their breadth appearing somewhat
crowded, white, becoming pale.

B. Pileus 12 mm. (Yz in.) broad, livid when moist, becoming pale when
dry, somewhat membranaceous, at first lens-shaped-globose, then hemispherical,
umbilicate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, flocculoso-stuffed, then hollow, white villous at the base.
Gills very broad, semicircular, plane with a straight edge, crowded, thin,
white. It is scarcely possible to separate the two forms. Approaching
Omphalice.

Among moss. Coed Coch, 1869, &c. Autumn.

Name clusilis, easily closing. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 174. Hym. Eur. p. 129.
B. & Br. n. 1211. b. minor. C. Illust. PL 247. A. umbilicatus Bull. t. 411.

/. 2.

247. A. tylicolor Fr. Pileus only 12 mm. (% in.) broad, grey-
cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat umbon-
ate, even, unpolished and opaque. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, Jistulose, somewhat fragile, not rooted, equal,
even, grey, everywhere whitish-pulverulent. Gills free, distant,
broad, plane, rather thick, bi-quaternate, paler than the pileus,
grey.

Inodorous, very undistinguished in its habit, but its affinity is not apparent.
In shady woods among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn.

Name of the colour of tylos, a small worm, Vermis multipes. The name is
used by Pliny, and has been identified by some with oniscus, the wood-louse.
From the cinereous colour. The synonym of Persoon, spodochrous (orn-oS6;,
ashes ; xp^s, colour) signifies ash-coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 176. Hym.
Eur. p. 129. B. 6* Br. n. 1341. C. Illust. PL 247.

I2O

AGARICUS.

Mycena. Subgenits VII. MYCENA (/ivxrjs, a fungus). Fr. Syst. Myc. i.

p. 140. Stem fistulose, cartilaginous. Pileus somewhat mem-

branaceous, more or less striate, at the
first conico- or parabolico-cylindrical
by reason of the margin being at the
first straight, and either clasping the
stem which is attenuated upwards, or
pressed close and parallel to it. Gills
not decurrent (or only uncinate by a
small tooth). Epiphytal or rooted,
slender, somewhat campanulate, scarce-
ly umbilicate. Fr. Hyvi. Eur. p. 129.
Distinguished from the minute Col-
lybiae by the margin of the pileus
never being involute, but straight and
pressed parallel to the stem, and from
the Mycenarian Omphalias by the pile-
us being commonly umbonate. Some
^^ _ last far into autumn or winter; others

are very fugacious. Most of them are inodorous, but some have

an alkaline smell or an oclour of radish. None of them are

edible.

r'f

VIII. Agaricits (iWycetia) poly-
grammus. One-fourth natural
size.

I. Calodontes (xaXd?, beautiful; 6Sov?, a tooth). Stem juiceless, base not
dilated into a disc. Edge of gills darker, denticulate (more or less, Monogr.},
a mark by which they are distinguished from all others, except A. sanguin-
olentus, which has a milky stem. By far the most distinguished species.

II. Adonidere (from Adonis, denoting beauty). Stem juiceless, base not
dilated into a disc. Gills of one colour, and not of a different colour at the
edge, nor changing colour. Colotir pure, bright, not becoming fuscous or cin-
ereous. Growing singly on the ground (except A. Iris) and requiring to be
carefully distinguished from white and coloured varieties of Rigipedes, the
gills of which turn pale from white.

III. Rigipedes (rigid-stemmed). Stem firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juice-
less, somewhat strigose and rooted at the base. Gills changing colour, white
then grey or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. Pileus not
hygrophanous. Tough, persistent, inodorous, normally growing on wood and
very ccespitose, but individuals occur growing singly and on the ground.

IV. Fragilipedes (fragile-stemmed). Stem fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose
at the base, scarcely rooting, but not dilated or inserted. Pileus hygrophan-
ous. Gills changing colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Thin-
ner, fragile, often soft, commonly smelling, normally growing singly and on the
ground, a few (strong-smelling ones) growing on wood and ccsspitose.

V. Filipedes (thread-stemmed). Stem filiform, scarcely a line thick (and
not more), flaccid, somewhat tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very
long in proportion to the pileus. Gills changing colour, somewhat lighter-
coloured at the edge, distinct. Very slender, tense and straight, growing on the

LEUCOSPORI. 121

ground, and among moss, inodorous, single (not caespitose), pileus fuscous Mycena.
becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous, in the last species orange.

These differ from their nearest allies the Rigipedes by their mode of growth,
their stature, their flaccid stem, with its very narrow tube, and their gills
which are scarcely connected by veins. But species with a filiform stem also
occur in the remaining sections, and therefore the other marks must be at-
tended to ; there are also slender forms among the Fragilipedes.

VI. Lactipedes (milky -stemmed). Gills milky when broken as well as the
rooted, dry stem.

VII. Glutinipedes (glutinous-stemmed). Stem juiceless, but viscous with
gluten. Gills at length decurrent with a tooth. Some of the species in the
foregoing sections, which are only slippery to the touch when moist, must be
duly separated from this group.

VIII. Basipedes (stem furnished with a base). Stem dry, rootless, the base
naked and dilated into a disc, or strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Ten-
der, growing singly, becoming flaccid.

IX. Insititiee (insero, to insert or graft). Stem very thin, inserted (i.e.
growing on other plants without a root or tubercle or flocci at the base), dry.
Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth (and not as in the Om-
phalian Integrelli truly decurrent). Very tender, becoming flaccid as soon as
the sun touches them. (A. roridus Fr. is the only species in the foregoing sec-
tions which is inserted, but it is very glutinous.)

I. CALODONTES. Edge of gills darker, denticulate, &>c.

248. A. pelianthinus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, pale
Purple livid, becoming pale and rather whitish when dry, diaphan-
ous, convex, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, fleshy and even at the
disc, membranaceous and striate at the margin ; flesh of the
disc moderately thick, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4
mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, sometimes incurved at the
base, round, slightly firm, of the same colour as the pileus but
paler, even, smooth wcfibrillose upwards, naked. Gills truncato-
adnexed, remarkably sinuate, distant, very elegantly connected by
a network of veins, quaternate, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad,
dark violaceous, edge remarkably black-toothed.

Departing from the rest especially in its unusual colour ; from its more
fleshy, convex (not campanulate) pileus it holds a doubtful place between
Collybice and Mycenes. The spores are wholly white, though the colour of the
srills is that of PratellfB.

Among dead leaves in woods. Uncommon. Sept.

The edge of the gills at once distinguishes it from A. purus. M.J.B.
Spores 5-6x3~7mk. B. Name jreXwui'w, to make livid. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
196. Hym. Eur. p. 130. Berk. Out. p. 121. t. 6. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 166.
Illust. PL 156. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 137. Quel. t. $. f. 6. Batt. t. 19. f. i.
A. denticulatus Bolt. t. 4. f. i. B. more slender/''/. Dan. t. 1911. f. i.

249. A. balaninus Berk. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, och-
raceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy-membranaceous, con-

122 AGARICUS.

Mycena. vex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length more
or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate
when moist. Stem 6 cent. (2^4 in.) long-, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
fistulose, attenuated downwards, flexuous, rigid, white and pruin-
ose above, deep sienna-brown below, dark brown and villous at
the base, shining, quite smooth. Gills rounded, quite free, with
exception of a connecting tooth, broad, rather distant, pale,
sprinkled and fringed with dull purple spiculae, interstices veiny.

The base of the stem is embedded more or less in a spongy mass by which
it adheres to the mast.

Among beech-mast, oak-leaves, &c. Rare.

Allied to A. pdianthinus but remarkably distinct. Fr. Spores elliptic.
Name p<i\avo<>, acorn, beech-mast, &c. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. i. /. 15. f. 2.
Out. p. 121. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 196. Hym. E^lr. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 167.
Illust. PL 156.

250. A. Iris Berk. Pileus ^i-^i in. broad, membranaceous,

hemispherical, obtuse, striate, umber, clothed with blue fibrillcs
which are glued down to the epidermis, scattered in the centre,
thicker and more free on the margin which is slightly denticulate.
Stem 4-9 cent. (i)4~3/4 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, not
rooting, blue below, subrufescent above, the down below de-
pressed and blue, above nearly white, minutely but distinctly fas-
ciculato-pilose. Gills free or slightly adnexed, linear, pale cin-
ereous, the margin sometimes denticulate.

Fasciculate or scattered, brittle ; when young the pileus and stem bright
sky-blue and beautifully tomentose. The little fibrils glued down to the cuti-
cle are very characteristic. When the stem is extremely elongated it is some-
times nearly smooth.

On fir stumps and sticks. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

It seems so much allied to A. marginelhis that the figures of A. Iris Berk. Oiit.
and of A. multiplex by Gonn. & Rab. t. 7. /. 4 can scarcely be distinguished.
Fr. The denticulate gills place it in this section. Spores 7x4 mk. W.P.
Name 9 Ipt?, the rainbow. From its varied tints. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 56.
Out. p. 123. t. 6.f. 3. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 174. Illust. PL
161. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 138.

251. A. marginellus Pers. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad,
somewhat fuscous when young, then changeable in colour, slight-
ly fleshy, campanulate, not viscid, with exception of the very
smooth darker umbo slightly striate and somewhat azure-blue-

floccose. Stem somewhat tomentose - rooted, with the same
flocci as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, distant, white or
cinereous, fringed at the edge with dark floccules (commonly
azure-blue or red).

LEUCOSPORI. 123

On fir-trunks among the Hypmun cupressiforme. Aboyne, &c. Mycena.
Aug.-Sept.

Under a high magnifying power the pileus (especially the edge) and stem
appear clothed with minute glandular particles similar to those which colour
the edge of the gills. B. &= Br. Name margo, margin. Diminutive. From
the edge of the gills. Pcrs. Syn. p. 309. ? Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 131. B. & Br.
n. 988. C. Hbk. n. 168. S. MycoL Scot. n. 139. Go/in. & Rab. t. j.f. 4.
A. mirabilis Cke. 6^ Quel.

252. A. aurantio-marginatus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in) or a
little more broad, olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale when older,
fleshy at the disc, campanulate then convex, obtuse or obsoletely
umbonate, even, smooth, margin straight, slightly striate only at
the margin when moist and unfolded. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i/4 in.)
long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) at
the apex, firm, fistulose, inflated ventricose and zoned with yellow
strigose mllous down at the base (but scarcely rooted), even,
smooth, livid-pale. Gills very ventricose, hence very attenuato-
adnexed, at first sight appearing free, crowded, connected by veins,
becoming green-livid, the orange edge toothed or rather floccitloso-
pencilled.

In its slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex pileus, like A. pelianthimis,
it inclines towards the Collybice ; otherwise very much allied to A. elegans,
perhaps a variety but larger and more fleshy.

In silver-fir wood. Perth, 1875. Nov.

Stem very brittle. Smell strong. It is admirably figured in the ' Flora
Danica,' and has a peculiar aspect which separates it from other species, look-
ing more like a Marasmius than a Mycena. B. & Br. Name aurantius,
orange ; margo, margin. From the edge of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 197.
Hym. Eur. p. 131. B. & Br. n. 1516. S. MycoL Scot. n. 140. Fl. Dan. t.
1292. f. 2.

253. A. elegans Pers. 12 mm. (% in.) and more broad, be-
coming light yellow-fuscous or light yellow-livid, opaque not
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, more or less um-
bonate, striate, smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-tense and straight, equal, livid,
fioccoso-fibrillose at the base. Gills aclnate, decurrent with a
tooth, linear, slightly distant, distinct, commonly livid, bluish-
grey at the sides, the edge always darker, saffron-yellow, entire
not manifestly toothed.

The gills are changeable in colour, varying whitish, becoming yellow, &c. ,
always, however, with the darker edge. Odour weak, of fennel, or even obsolete.
Kalchbrenner gathered a singular variety called hypcrborea (Enum. ii. n.
1039), with smoky or black gills, somewhat cinnabar at the edge.

In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

124 AGARICUS.

Mycena. Spores S-io x 4-5 mk. D. Name elegans, neat. Pers. Syn. p. 391. Fr.

Monogr. i. p. 198. Hym. Eur. p. 131. Berk. Out. p. 121. C. Hbk. n. 169.
Illust. PL 284. (?. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 141. .F/, -Daw. /. 2024.

254. A. rubro-marginatus Fr. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, hygrophanous, becoming red-livid or purple-fuscous, becom-
ing P a ^ e (variable), membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate,
smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely exceeding
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-fragile, equal, often curved-
ascending, even, smooth, pallid-livid. Gills ad n ate, with a small'
decurrent tooth, distant, distinct, not ventricose, whitish then
grey, edge fuscous-purple, not manifestly toothed.

It approaches Galericulati in its colours, but is smaller, not coespitose,
somewhat fragile, inodorous, juiceless. It has much in common with A. san-
guinolentus, from which it differs in its stature and juiceless stem.

In woods, chiefly pine, on branches, &c. Frequent. July-Nov.

Name ruber, red ; margo, margin. From the red edge of gills. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 199. Hym. Eur. p. 132. Icon. t. 78. f. 4. Berk. Out. p. 122.
C. Hbk. n. 170. Illust. PL 284. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 142. Var. fusco-
purpureus Lasch n. 544. Among dead leaves. Very distinct from the usual
form, having much the appearance of an exotic Marasmius. B. & Br. n.
1639.

255. A. strobilinus Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad,
scarlet^ conical then campanulate, membranaceous, the slightly
fleshy even umbo acute, slightly striate and most frequently paler
at the circumference, smooth, dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, juiceless, even,
smooth, ivhite-strigose at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a
thin tooth, distant, distinct, alternate, a little paler than the pileus,
but the edge is darker, black-blood colour.

Somewhat fasciculate. The whole plant is shining, persistently scarlet, not
changing colour or becoming pale.

On dead leaves, twigs, and cones of Scotch fir. Rare.
Autumn.

Fries has gathered it in beech woods. Namestro&itHs, a pine-cone. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 200 (A. coccinellus). Hym. Eur. p. 132. Berk. Out. p. 122.
C. Hbk. n. 171. Illust. PI. 131. A. 'S. Mycol. Scot. n. 143. Fl. Dan. t.
2025. f. i. A. coccineus Sow. t. 197. C. Illust. PI. 131. B.

256. A. rosellus Fr. Pileus rose-colour, at length becoming
pale, wholly membranaceous and striate and without a prominent
acute and even umbo, campanulate then hemispherical, obtusely
umbonate, slightly hygrophanous. Stem thin, soft, white-tomen-
tose not strigose at the base, juiceless. Gills scarcely decurrent
with a tooth, somewhat distant, rose-colour, edge black-purple.

LEUCOSPORI. 125

It has many features in common with A. strobilinus. It is smaller, thinner, Mycena.
softer, and paler. Both species preserve their habit, stature, and colours always
unchanged, A. rosellus becoming pale only when old. Laxly gregarious.

In woods, among' fir-leaves. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Spores subellipsoid, 6-8x4 m k. K.; 8-10x4 m k- B. Name diminutive,
roseus, rose-coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 200. Hym. Eur. p. 132. Berk. Out.
p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 172. Ill/ist. PL 131. C. ~S. Mycol. Scot. a. 144. Fl.
Dan. t. 2025. f. 2. Gonn. & Rab. t. j.f. n. A. roseus Pers. Syn. t. 5. f. 3.

II. ADONIDE^E. Colour pure, bright,

257. A. purus Pers. Pileus 1-7.5 cent - (K~3 in -) broad, rose-
colour, c., slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate then ex-
panded, at length rather plane, breast-shaped with an obtuse even
umbo, smooth, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-10 cent.
(2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) and more thick, fistulose, rigid,
somewhat tough, equal or attenuated upwards when larger, even,
smooth, villoso-fibrillose at the base, of the same colour as the
pileus. Gills adnate, but very broad, hence they appear broadly
emarginate or sinuate, ventricose, elegantly connected by a network
of veins, pallid or whitish, the edge, which is of the same colour,
quite entire.

The colour of the pileus (which often becomes pale) and stem varies, rose,
purple, lilac, bluish-grey, white. The pileus varies membranaceous, for the
most part striate. The margin is straight when young, so that it is certainly
a species of Mycena. Odour weak of radish. One remarkable form is wholly
milk-white, with the pileus often yellowish ; another is quite snow-white, with
ventricose stem. At first sight it is difficult to detect the affinity of these with
the common rose-coloured or violet form.

In woods, meadows, &c. Very common. July-Nov.

The taste as well as the smell is that of radish. There are occasionally con-
centric grooves on the pileus. Spores 6-10x4 mk. B.; 5x3 mk. IV.G.S.
Name punts, pure. Pers. Syn. p. 339. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 201. Hym. Eur.
p. 133. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 173. Illust. PL 157. S. Mycol. Scot.
>i. 145. Hussey ii. t. 49. Harz. t. 38. Fl. Batav. t. 1060. Paul. t. 119.
Fl. Dan. t. 1612, 1673. /. x (^- roseus). Batsch f. 20. A. collinus Larbr. t.
13. f. 4. Bull. t. 507. Schaff. t. 303 (if \vhite-spored).

258. A. pseudo-purus Cke. Pileus scarcely exceeding 2.5
cent, (i in.) broad, rosy then pale, rather fleshy, campanulate then
convex, expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, margin obscurely
striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slender, hollow, rigid,
straight, even, naked, at first rosy-white, becoming brown when
dry. Gills adnate, whitish.

The stem in A. purus does not change colour. Spores in A. purus shorter
and ovoid, whilst in this species they are regularly elliptical. Allied to A.
zepJi irus.

126 AGARICUS.

Mycena. Inwoocls. Coed Coch, i88o. Autumn.

It is doubtful if this is anything but one of the many forms of A. purus.
Spores 6 x 4 mk. IV. P. Name i//ev56s, false. Spurious A. purus. Grevillea,
vol. x. p. 147. C. Illust. PL 158.

259. A. zephirus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid-red-
dish, white-flesh-colour, the disc occasionally becoming fuscous,
not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, diaphanous, cam-
panulate then convex, obtuse, striate to the middle, smooth.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose,
equal or slightly attenuated upwards, round, slightly striate, when
young throughout or at least at the apex white-squamulose, at
length naked, rufescent, incurved and woolly at the base. Gills
adnate, somewhat decurrent with a small tooth, broad, but not
ventricose, at length separating, widely connected by veins, in
groups of 2-4, white.

Gregarious, rigid, fragile, inodorous. Its habit is in a measure that of A.
purus, but it is scarcely rightly allied to that species ; rather allied to A. atro-
albus.

On decayed fir wood. Glamis, 1876. Dec.

Name je'(vpo?, the west wind. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
202. Hym. Eitr. p. 133. Icon. t. 78. f. 6. B. dr> Br. n. 1640. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 146. C. Illust. "PL 158.

260. A. Adonis Bull. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high and broad,
rose-red, &c., somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, very small
in proportion to the stem, minutely and almost obsoletely papillate,
even, smooth, slightly pellucid-striate round the margin ; flesh
very thin, deeper in colour. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm.
(% in.) thick, fistulose, filiform, flexuons, equal, even, smooth,
shining white, pellucid, in no wise viscid. Gills undnato-adnexed,
ascending, very thin, narrow, flesh-coloured or white.

Much smaller and thinner than A. purus, &c. According to Bulliard it is
equally variable in colour as A. purus (A. roseus Bull.) A scarlet form has
been noted.

In woods. Uncommon. Oct. -Nov.

White, yellowish, orange, or green. M.J.B. Name Adonis, the beloved
of Venus. From its beauty. Bull. t. 560. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 202. Hym.
Eur. p. 134. Berk. Out. p. 123. B. & Br. n. 1849 (scarlet form). C. Hbk.
n. 175. Illust. PL 185. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 147.

261. A. lineatus Bull. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) high and
broad, sometimes larger, commonly becoming light yellow but vary-
ing whitish, remarkably membranaceous, hood-shaped then cam-
panulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-sulcate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2

LEUCOSPORI. 127

in.) long, fistulose, filiform, equal, even, smooth, for the most Mycena.
part becoming light yellow, towards the base white-villous, some-
\vhat veh'ety. Gills simply adnate, linear, somewhat distant, dis-
tinct, white, the edge, which is of the same colour, quite entire.

Moderately changeable in colour, thin and soft.
Among moss. Foxley. Sept.

Name linea, aline. From the lines on the pileus. Bull. t. 522. /. 3 (a
darker var. ) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Icon. t. 78. f. 5
(paler var. with flattened pileus). Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. C. Illust. PL 185. b.

262. A. luteo-albus Bolt. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high and
broad, yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, membran-
aceous, acutely campanulate, umbonate when expanded, slightly
pellucid-striate {not silicate), smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)
long, fistulose, filiform, equal, somewhat flexuous, tough, smooth,
even, base somewhat fibrillose. Gills adnate, somewhat ii?icinate,
at first joined behind, broad, alternate, distinct, shining white,
edge quite entire.

Very slender, but slightly firm, dry. It seems nearest to A. Adonis.
Among moss in fir woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.

Name lute its, yellow; albus, white. From the yellow pileus and white
gills. Bolt. t. 38. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Berk.
Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 176. Illust. PI. 159. 5. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot.
Nat. July 1883.

263. A. flavo-albus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) and more
broad, ochraceous, light yellow-white or wholly white, some-
what membranaceous, almost slightly fleshy, campanulate then
convex, i\\tn flattened, umbonate, smooth, even (not truly striate),
rimosely split when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, fistulose, slightly rigid, tense and straight, equal, not rooted,
pellucidly white, smooth at the base, but pruinose at the apex.
Gills aclnexed, soon separating-free, at length plane, ventricose,
distant, white.

Growing in troops. Often difficult to distinguish it from A. lacteus.
In woods and meadows. Frequent. July-Dec.

Spores 6-8x3-4 mk. B. NamejZavus, light yellow; albus, white. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 205. Hym. Eur. p. 135. Icon. t. 79. f. 5. B. r Br. n. 989.
C. Hbk. n. 177. Illust. PL 159. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 148. A. stem short.
A. pumilus Bull. t. 260. B. stem longer, filiform.

264. A. lacteus Pers. Wholly milk-white. Pileus as much as
12 mm. ()4 in.) broad, membranaceous, campanulate, somewhat

128 AGARICUS.

umbonate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3
in.) long, fistulose, equal, somewhat filiform, flexile, even, smooth,
fibrilloso-rooted at the base. Gills adnate, ascending, crowded,
narrow, distinct, alternate.

Always scattered, not ccespitose. Sometimes becoming light-yellowish on
the disc. Whitened forms of other species must be carefully separated from
it. Var. pulcliella, Fr. Icon. t. 79. f. 3 ; pileus much thinner with a prominent
umbo, gills broader at the base, somewhat distant. Typically csespitose,
growing on wood.

In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Common. July-Sept.

Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K.; 3 x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name
lac, milk. Milk-white. Pers. Syn. p. 394. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 205. Hym.
Eur.p. 135. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 178. Illust. PL 159. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 149. Fl. Dan. t. 1845. / * A - nanus Bull. t. 363. /. N. O. Buxb.
C. iv. t. 31. /. 3.

III. RIGIPEDES. Stem rigid,

265. A. cohserens Fr. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
cinnamon or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, cam-
panulate, obtuse, even, smooth, but soft to the touch and some-
what velvety in appearance, margin straight and at the first ad-
pressed to the stem. Stems 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) high, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, casspitoso-fasciculate, fistulose, very rigid, almost
horny, equal, even, smooth, shining, bay-brow?i upwards and whit-
ish at the very apex, date-brown below and glued together at the
base with white (as if heterogeneous) villous down. Gills rounded
behind, somewhat free, distant, commonly connected by veins,
very broad, white then becoming pale.

As regards the stem it approaches the Marasmii, M. alliaceus, e.g. , but the
gills are wholly those of Myccna, nearest to those of^. galericulatus. Pileus
striate when damp.

On bramble, among pine-leaves, &c. Batheaston, &c. Feb.

It has much affinity with A. balaninus Berk. ; but that has the margin of
the gills purple. They have, however, the same fulvous bristles on the surface.
B. & Br. The individual stems rarely come in contact, but are joined to-
gether by the shaggy down. Name cohczreo, to stick together. From the
stems cohering. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 207. Hym. Eur. p. 137. Icon. t. 80. /. i.
B. & Br. n. 1212, 1929*.

266. A. proliferus Fr. Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato-
expanded, dry, the broad umbo darker (fuscous), slightly striate
and at length sulcate or rimosely split at the margin (pale-yellow-
ish or becoming fuscous-tan). Stem firm, rigid, smooth, shin-

LEUCOSPORI. 129

ing, slightly striate, rooted. Gills adnexed, somewhat distinct, Mycena
becoming pale-white.

Inodorous, only at length nauseous. Very much allied to A. galericulatus ;
in habit approaching nearest to A. cohcerens. The stems are pallid at the
apex, but slightly tawny-bay-brown below, and glued together by villous down
at the base. There is a white form with hyaline stem on trunks.

In woods, and in gardens near wood. Uncommon. Sept.

Stem frequently proliferous, as in some species of Coprinus. M.J.B.
Name proles, offspring; fero, to bear. From the proliferous stem. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 137. Monogr. i. p. 207. C. Illust. PI. 235. Sow. t. 169. Berk. Out.
p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 179. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 150.

267. A. excisus Lasch. Pileus campanulato-convex, slightly
fleshy at the disc, somewhat umbonate, slightly wrinkled, date-
brown, fuscous-blackish. Stem firm, tough, rooted, even, becom-
ing fuscous. Gills ventricose, thick, distant, connected by veins,
hoary, narrowed behind as if cut out, somewhat free.

In mixed wood, on trunks. Glamis, 1875, & c - Sept.-Oct.

Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Stem about 7.5 cent, (sin.) long, ex-
ceedingly rigid and tough. The primary form is caespitose on trunks of pine ;
there is a smaller form, on the ground, solitary ; pileus membranaceous, the
darker disc wrinkled, striate at the margin ; gills very much narrowed behind,
hooked to the stem however by a small tooth, very distant, becoming glaucous.
In the colour not becoming cinereous and in the nature of the gills it clearly
differs from A.'rugosus, &c. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) across, stem 10 cent. (4 in.)
high, root 5 cent. (2 in.) long. The specimens were either solitary or subcass-
pitose ; gills purplish, strongly cut out behind. The fig. Bull. t. 518 /. is
more characteristic of the specimens than that in Fries's ' Icones,' taken from
smaller and probably more superficial individuals. B. & Br. Spores ellip-
soid often reniform or spherical, 7-9 mk. Q. Name excido, to cut out. From
the peculiar character of the gills. Lasch n. 538. Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 137.
Monogr. i. p. 207. Icon. t. 8i./. i. B. & Br. n. 1517, 1930. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 151. Var. C. Illust. PI. 148.

268. A. psammicola B. & Br. Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad,
brown, becoming paler towards the margin, hygrophanous, some-
what hemispherical, sprinkled with very minute particles, margin
striate. Stem short, not 12 mm. (6 lin.) long, about i m. (Yz lin.)
thick, solid, firm, rooting, umber downwards, white upwards,
wholly white-pulverulent. Gills in the form of a segment, shortly
adnate, sinuate behind.

Odour strong but not nitrous. A small but well-marked species.
On a sandbank among moss. Addington, 1875. Sept.

Name ^a/u/xos, sand. Frequenting sandy places. B. 6" Br. n. 1518. C.
Illust. PI. 1 86.

269. A. rugosus Fr. Typical form. Pileus cinereous but

13 AGARICUS.

Mycena. becoming pale, very tough, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise
membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, at length rather
plane, somewhat obtuse, more or less corrugated {unequal 'with
elevated wrinkles], always dry, not moist even in rainy weather,
striate at the circumference. Stem commonly short, remarkably
cartilaginous, fistulose, rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed,
even, smooth, pallid, with a short oblique strigose root. Gills
arcuato-adnate, with a decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar,
somewhat distant, connected by veins, broad, ventricose, white
then grey, edge sometimes quite entire, sometimes serrulated.

Always inodorous. Formerly connected with A. galericulatus. A. rugosus
is arid, very tough, more rarely casspitose, the pileus firm, somewhat obtuse,
wrinkled but without striae, the gills arcuato-adnate and uncinate, white then
cinereous. The genuine A. galericulatus is fasciculato-casspitose, somewhat
fragile, the pileus thinner, at first conical and -umbonate, striate, without
wrinkles, the gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, white then flesh-colour.
Between these there is a long series of intermediate forms.

On and near trunks and stumps. Common. July-Nov.

Name ruga, a wrinkle. From the wrinkled pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 208.
Hyrn. Eur. p. 138. B. & Br. n. 990. C. Hbk. n. 180. Illust. PL 186. b.
S. MycoL Scot. n. 152. Bull. t. 518. /. K. J\L

270. A. sudorus Fr. Wholly white. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, diaphanous, somewhat membranaceous, convex, umbonate,
often irregular, striate, not wrinkled, viscous. Stem very long,
firm, rooted, even, dry, rather smooth. Gills adnate obtusely and
without a small tooth, broad, at first distinct, rather thick, some-
what distant, white then somewhat flesh-colour.

Commonly solitary. The root is long, blunt, smooth (always ?).
On old stumps. Haywood Forest, 1882, Oct.

Name sudor, sweat. From its viscous pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 138.
C. Illust. PL 206.

271. A. galericulatus Scop. Pileus somewhat membrana-
ceous, conico-campanulate then expanded, striate to the umb.o,
dry, smooth, (becoming fuscous-livid or changeable in colour).
Stem rigid, polished, even, smooth, fusiform-rooted at the base.
Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, connected by veins, whitish
and flesh-coloured.

Very protean. Normally caespitoso-fasciculate, the numerous stems (never
viscous) glued together with villous down at the base. But it occurs also soli-
tary, larger, pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, wrinkled-striate. The
essential marks by which it is distinguished from A. rugosus are these : stein
in general thinner, less tense and straight, often curved, more fragile ; pileus
membranaceous, conico-campanulate, umbonate, striate but not corrugated,

LEUCOSPORI. 131

moist in rainy weather ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, more crowded, Mycena.
whitish then flesh-coloured. The colour both of the pileus (normally fuscous
then livid) and of the stem (normally becoming livid-fuscous) is much more
changeable than that of A. rugosus, becoming yellow, rubiginous, &c. It is
not so tough and pliant as A. rugosus. Forms departing from the type are
very numerous ; the most beautiful is var. Calopus (<xXbs, beautiful ; TTOU?, a
foot) with chestnut-coloured stems, united in a fusiform tail. Fr. Icon. t. 80.
f. 2. Forma subterranea : Buxb. C. 4. i^,. f. 2. Hoffm. Subt. t. 3.

On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Inodorous and tasteless. M.J.B. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 9-10
x 6-8 mk. K.; 8-11x4-6 mk. B. Name galericulum, a small peaked cap.
Peaked in shape. Scop. Cam. p. 455. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 138. Monogr. i. p.
209. Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 181. Illust. PI. 222. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 153. Schceff. t. 52. Bull. t. 518. f. C. D E (pileus and stem ferruginous-
red). Hoffm. Norn. t. 4. / i. Price/. 55. Gonn. & Rab. t. 7. / 8 (a slender
form). Paul. t. 122. f. 7 (f. 8 differs in the odour). Var. Calopus B. & Br.
n. 1410. C. Illust. PL 223.

272. A. polygrammus Bull. Pileus 2.5. cent, (i in.) and
more broad, fuscous, cinereous, livid or becoming light yellow,
somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, somewhat
umbonate, dry, smooth, striate, margin often toothed. Stem 7.5-
10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, rigid, tense
and straight, fistulose, precisely equal, naked, longitudinally stri-
ato- silicate, strigose-rooted at the base, varying of a silvery colour,
livid, blue-grey and becoming azure-blue. Gills attenuated be-
hind, so as to appear somewhat free, but uncinate, somewhat dis-
tant, white then reddish, sometimes serrulated.

Odour, as in all neighbouring species, none. Gregarious rather than cass-
pitose. It varies with the pileus pruinose, and there is a variety in which the
colour of the pileus is beautiful shining white. Very much allied to A. galeri-
culatus and A. rugosus, but very easily distinguished by its peculiar bright
shining (obsoletely fibrillose) longitudinally striato-sulcate stem.

On stumps, c. Common. Sept.-Jan.

Spores subsphaeroid, 6-9 mk. K. ; 10-12x6-8 mk. B. ; 9 x 7 mk. W.G.S.
Name TTOA.US, many; ypa^^r), a stroke in writing. From the many lines with
which it is marked. Bull. t. 395. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 209. Hym. Eur. p. 139.
Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 182. Illust. PL 223. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 154.
Sow. t. 222. FL Dan. t. 1615. f. i, 1498. A. chloroticus Jungh. Linn. v. t.
7 ./. i.

273. A. parabolicus Fr. Pileus becoming black at the disc,
inclining to violaceous, otherwise becoming pale, whitish, some-
what membranaceous, at first erect and oval, then parabolic, ob-
tuse, never expanded, moist, somewhat shining when dry, smooth,
even, striate towards the entire margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight but not
very rigid, thickened and bearded-rooted at the base, pale below,
dark violaceous above, when young white-mealy, otherwise even,

13 2 AGARICUS.

Mycen?. smooth, dry. Gills simply adnate, ascending, somewhat distant,
rarely connected by veins, quite entire, white, somewhat grey at
the base.

Stem less rigid than that of A. galericulatus. Truly gregarious or caes-
pitose. Plainly different from A. atro-cyanens Fr. Once found growing on
stem of Aspidiumfelix-mas. Lasting during winter.

On rotten wood, especially fir. Uncommon. Sept-Dec.

Spores 12x6 mk. B. ; Name parabola. Shaped like a parabola. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 211. Hym. Enr. p. 139. Icon. t. 80. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 124.
B. & Br. n. 1640*. C. Hbk. n. 183. Illust. PI. 224. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
155. Sow. t. 165 (pileus pallid).

274. A. tintinnabulum Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, of
one colour (various) for the most part date-brown but becoming
pale, somewhat membranaceous, also very tough, campanulato-
convex, when full grown rather plcme, scarcely umbonate, wholly
even and without striae, somewhat viscid when moist. Stem short,
commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, always
even, smooth, pallid, very tough, shortly white-strigose at the
base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, horizontal, very thin
and crowded, narrow, becoming pale, at length slightly inclining
to flesh-colour.

Colour very variable (though unicolorous) becoming azure-blue, pale yel-
lowish-fuscous, whitish. Commonly gregarious, more rarely csespitose. Like
A. parabolicus, c., very much allied to A. galericulatus, but smaller.

On fallen beech-trunks, c. Glamis, 1876, &c. Oct.-Dec.

Remarkable for its power of living through low temperature. Name tin-
tinnabulum, a bell. From its bell shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 211. Hym. Eur.
p. 140. Icon. t. 80. f. 4. B. 6 Br. n. 1746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 156. C.
Illust. PL 224.

IV. FRAGILIPEDES. Stem fragile, &^c.

275. A. atro-albus Bolt. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
somewhat membranaceous, parabolico-campa?iulate, obt2ise, the
blackish disc even, whitish and slightly pellucid-striate round the
margin, not hygrophanous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, al-
most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, tense and straight,
even, shining, of two colours, darker at the apex, with a hairy
bulbous- swollen root. Gills free, ventricose, crowded, white then
becoming glaucous.

Firmer than the others in this section, but neither rigid nor fusiform-rooted ;
distinguished from them all by its swollen, inflated, hairy base. Solitary or
gregarious, not ccespitose. Van minor, with stem pruinate at the apex, is
not constant.

LEUCOSPORI. 133

In mixed woods, among moss. Frequent. July-Nov. Mycena.

Name ater, black ; albus, white. From the two distinct colours. Bolt. t.
137. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 212. Hym. Eur. p. 140. Berk. Out. p. 124. C.
Hbk. n. 184. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 157.

276. A. dissiliens Fr. Pileus cinereous-fuscous, whitish round
the margin, somewhat membranaceous, acorn-shaped then con-
ico-campanulate, not flattened, but revolute at the margin, sulcate
to the middle, dry. Stem short, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, attenuated
upwards from the strigose base, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, somewhat
incurved, smooth or pruinate, juiceless, slightly striate under a
lens, cinereous, split and breaking' asunder into revohtte flaps
when compressed or bent. Gills rounded behind, separating-free,
broader in front and running out at the very obtuse truncate apex,
soft, watery, whitish or cinereous at the base, the shorter ones
crisped.

Very fragile, with a vapid odour (not nitrous). In shady places the pileus
is commonly covered over with a fibrillose network and hoary silky pruina.
In natural affinity very nearly conjoined with A. atro-albus, but in habit it
rather resembles A. galericulatus or A. alkalinus.

On trunks, branches, c. Frequent. July-Nov.

Name dissilio, to burst asunder. From the manner in which the stem
splits. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 213. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Icon. t. 81. f. 2. Berk.
Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 185. Illust. PL 285. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 158.
A. pseudoclypeatus Bolt. t. 154. A. metatus Seer. Mich. Gen. t. 79. f. 5.
Paul. t. 122. / 8.

277. A. atro-cyaneus Batsch. --Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.)
broad, of one colour, fuscous then becoming azure-blue-grey,
membranaceous, campanulato-convex, at length flattened, gib-
bous, with an irregularly shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled,
obtuse, fuscous blackish limbo, deeply sulcate (even when dry) to
the umbo, sprinkled with white powder which is easily rubbed off.
Stem 4-5 cent. (i/4-2 in.) long, fistulose,Jihform t slightly attenu-
ated from the slightly bulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile,
even, smooth, dark blue-black. Gills joined in a collar, attenuato-
adnate, ventricose, distinct, distant, white.

Fragile, inodorous. Its affinity is not fully apparent. The figure of Batsch
is from a small and imperfectly developed specimen.

In fir woods. Ascot, 1865, &c. Sept.-Nov.

Name ater, black ; cyaneus, dark-blue. Batsch f. 87. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
203. Hym. Eur. p. 141. B. dr 1 Br. n. 1213, 1640*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 159.
C. Illust. PI. 236. b.

278. A. pullatus Berk. & Cke. Pileus 18 mm. (tf in.) broad,

134 AGARICUS.

Mycena. at first dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black,
membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate
to the middle. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
fistulose, thickened downwards, of the same colour, whitish floe-
cose at the base, sometimes rooting. Gills adnexed, rather broad,
scarcely crowded, w r hite.

Spores elliptic, smooth. Odour slightly nitrous. The pileus grows a little
paler with age, sometimes with a glaucous bloom. Allied to A. atro-cyaneus
and A. leptocephalus.

On the ground among dead leaves. Chingford, 1882, c.
Oct-Nov.

Name pullns, dark. From the blackened colour. B. & C. Grcvillea, vol.
xi. p. 69. C. Illust. PL 237.

279. A. pauperculus Berk. Pileus 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pale
ochraceous- white, fleshy, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely
conical or hemispherical, minutely innato-fibrillose. Stem 1-2.5
cent. (/4.-1 in.) long, i m. (% lin.) thick, white, curved, rooting,
minutely stuffed, smooth except at the villous base, powdered at
the top with the sporules, generally thicker below. Gills at first
free then adnexed, white.

Odour farinaceous. The pileus is in age almost tawny, probably stained by
the wood on which it grows. Gills adnexed from the growth of the pileus
which is sometimes striate from translucence.

Inside of decayed stumps. Uncommon. Sept.

Name diminutive of pauper, poor. From its insignificant appearance.
Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 57. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 187. Illust. PI. 236. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 141.

280. A. leptocephalus Pers. Pileus cinereous, somewhat
membranaceous, campanulato-expancled, repand, umbonate, sul-
cate, pruinose, opaque. Stem equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry.
Gills emarginate, white-cinereous.

Fragile, strong-smelling, odour nitrous. Solitary. It agrees with A. alka-
linus in its nitrous odour, but differs in its growth never being casspitose, in
its slightly striate stem, \\spruinose sulcate pileus, and its emarginate gills.

On trunks and the ground. Laxton Park, Northamptonshire.

Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 mk. Q. Name AeTrrd?, fine ; (ce^aAij, head. From its
delicate pileus. Pers. Ic. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Monogr. i. p.
214. B. & Br. n. 1747. C. Illust. PL 187.

281. A. alkalinus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( J - 2 in.) broad, cin-
ereous, fuscous, date-brown, inclining to olivaceous, somewhat
membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, deeply striate

LEUCOSPORI. 135

when moist, shining 'when dry, never pruinose or when dry Mycena.
rugulose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slightly firm, rigid,
but like the whole plant fragile, equal, slippery (not viscous) when
moist, shining when dry, smooth, villous at the base, normally
yellow, but often cinereous. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, con-
nected by veins or distinct, slightly ventricose, glaucous-white or
dark cinereous and whitish at the edge, sometimes becoming
cinereous-yellow.

Varying very much in stature. It is readily distinguished by its strong alka-
line odour, and by its pileus and stem not having a viscid pellicle, from A.
epipterygius, with which it so agrees in the colours, which vary in each in an
analogous manner, that it is difficult to discriminate between the figures of the
one and the other, although the plants themselves are not even allied.

On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. May-Nov.

Often tinged everywhere with yellow or pink. Solitary or caespitose.
M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 8-10x6-7 mk. K.; 10-12x4-6 mk. B. ;
6x8 mk. W. G.S. Name alkali. From its alkaline odour. Fr. Alonogr.
i. p. 214. Hym. Eur. p. 141. .Icon. t. Si. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk.
n. 186. Illust. PI. 187, 225. S. Mycol. Scot.n. i^o.Schceff. t. 31, 32.

282. A. ammoniacus Fr. Pileus fuscous blackish at the disc,
paler round the margin, varying cinereous, somewhat membran-
aceous, at first acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked,
discoid, opaque, striate round the margin. Stem 2.5-5 cent.
(1-2 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (j-i lin.) thick, rooting, slightly firm,
polished, even, dry, equal, whitish, not becoming yellow, strigose
at the base. Gills simply adnate, linear, distant, distinct, whitish
or grey and whitish towards the apex.

Pileus varying in colour and stature. Very much allied to A. alkalinus ;
odour the same, only weaker ; growth not caespitose.

On the ground among grass. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Easily distinguished from A. alkalinus by its habitat (always on the ground,
never on stumps) by its single (never caespitose) growth, and by its stem being
uniformly -whitish, never becoming yellow. Spores 10-13 x 4-6 mk. B. Name
from its strong scent of ammonia. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 215. Hym. Eur. p.
142. B. & Br. n. 1214. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 161. C. Illust. PI. 238. a.

283. A. metatus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) or a little more
broad, very hygrophanous, cinereous when moist, opaque and
whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherico-
campanulate, obtuse, soft, when moist slightly striate, when dry
without striae, somewhat silky in appearance (under a lens at
least). Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, soft-flaccid, even, smooth,
whitish-cinereous, fibrillose at the base, but not truly rooted.
Gills simply adnate, linear, distinct, somewhat distant, whitish.

136 AGARICUS.

Mycena. It varies flesh-colour, livid, &c. Odour weak, alkaline, often obsolete ;

otherwise it is widely removed from A. alkalinus, &c., in the substance of the
whole plant being soft becoming flaccid rather than rigid-fragile, and in the
pilezis being hygrophanous and easily changing colour. Gregarious but never
caespitose. There is also a form with the pileus conical then campanulate,
velvety under a lens.

In mixed wood among moss. Glamis, 1874, c. Oct.-Nov.

Spores 8-10 x 4-6 mk. B. Name metatus, furnished with a meta. Conical.
Fr, Monogr. i. p. 215. Hym. Eur. p. 142. B. &* Br. n. 1519. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 162. C. Illust. PL 238. b. Paul. t. 99. /. 8 (livid flesh-colour).
Buxb. C. iv. t. 15. f. 3.

284. A. plicosus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous-
cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, fragile, campanu-
late then expanded, with a slightly fleshy, broad, obtuse, even
umbo, otherwise deeply lineato-sulcate, almost plicose with the
distant furrows, often split. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, slightly
firm, fragile however, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth,
grey, becoming fuscous, blunt, not rooted, white-villous at the
base. Gills adnate and without a decurrent tooth, thick, truly
distant, connected by veins, grey and at length whitish-pruinose.

The stem is by no means soft like that of A. metatus.

On the ground in wood. Rare. Killin, 1876. Sept.

Name plico, to fold. From the folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 216.
Hym. Eur. p. 142. Icon. t. 81. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1641. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
163. C. Illust. PI. 285. b.

285. A. peltatus Fr. Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) broad, black-
fuscous when damp, grey when dry, convex when young, soon
exactly plane, the turned up margin very closely but manifestly
striate, disc slightly fleshy, orbicular, even, plane. Stem 4-5 cent.
(i/4-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, rigid, some-
what fragile, often flexuous, even, smooth, naked, livid. Gills
adnate with a small decurrent tooth, at first crowded, ventricose,
but somewhat distant when the pileus is flattened, distinct, grey,
paler towards the edge.

The slightly fleshy centre is dilated and plane beyond the middle (rather
umbilicate than umbonate above the tube of the stem). When dry the margin
is raised all round and becomes black, presenting the form of a shallow circular
vessel. Among mosses the stem is drawn out and villous at the base, but not
truly rooted. A most distinguished species, inodorous, growing in troops and
densely crowded.

In woods among moss. Rare. Altyre. Aug.-Sept.

Name -pelta, a small shield. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 216.
Hym. Eur. p. 142. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 164.

LEUCOSPORI. 137

286. A. setites Fr. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad, fuscous-grey, Mycena.
becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, with a
broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, sulcate to the umbo, smooth. Stem

5 cent. (2 in.) long, fistulose, but often compressed, and then the
tube disappears, unequal, fragile, smooth, shining, becoming
whitish-fuscous. Gills adnate, somewhat uncinate, a little arcuate,
thin, at first cohering in the form of a collar, beautifully reticu-
lated with veins, somewhat distant, white, grey at the sides.

Odour bitterish or obsolete ; growing in troops. The pileus is sometimes
rufescent as in the figure of Schaeffer ; when dry the very margin becomes black,
not the whole striate part as in A. peltatus.

In woods. Ascot, 1873, c.

Spores 10 x 6 mk. B. Name aerm)?, the eagle-stone. Iron ore. From
the fuscous-grey colour. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t.
81. f. 5 (rufescent form). B. fir Br. n. 1411. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 165. C.
lllust. PL 188. A. umbelliferus Schceff. t. 309.

287. A. stanneus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (i)4 in.) broad, hygro-
pJianous, grey when moist, when dry tin-colour, silky glistening,
smooth however, membranaceous, campanulate then flattened,
fragile, often rimose, striate, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, but compressed to 4 mm. (2 lin.) in
breadth, narrowly fistulose, slightly rigid, even, shining, smooth,
becoming pale, not very fragile. Gills adnate, with a small decur-
rent tooth, scarcely crowded, connected by veins, whitish grey.

Inodorous. Scattered or loosely gregarious. It differs abundantly from A.
metatus in its rigidity, in its glistening pileus when dry, and in its whole
nature ; it may rather be compared with A. collariatus among Filipedes.

In wood among grass. Cabalva. Oct.

Spores 8-10 x 4 mk. B. Namestannum, tin. From the colour. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82. f. 2. Grevillea, -vol. viii.
p. 74. C. lllust. PL 188.

288. A. vitreus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, opaque,
fuscous then livid or bluish-grey, wholly membranaceous, very
thin,, campanulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-striate, smooth, dry,
margin entire, naked. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, i m. (y z
lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, equal, smooth, glistening, striate
under a lens, fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, linear, distinct,
thin, somewhat distant, whitish, of the same colour at the edge.

It has no umbo or slightly fleshy disc. The whole plant very fragile, juice-
less, inodorous. Elegant, growing in troops. Among mosses the stem is ex-
tended at the base and spuriously rooted. This and A. tennis differ from the
rest in the substance being much thinner.

138 AGARICUS.

Mycena. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Name vitrum, glass. From the glassy appearance. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 218.
Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82. /. i. B. 6 Br. n. nil. C. Hbk. n. 188.
II lu st. PI. 1 60. S. My co I. Scot. n. 166.

289. A. tenuis Bolt. Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) or a little more
broad, hyaline or becoming fuscous-white, very thinly membran-
aceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, smooth, watery,
the sliglit margin beautifully fringed in a crenate manner, as if
appendiculate with the fragments of a veil. Stem tall, 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very tense and
straight, even, smooth, watery, hyaline-white, or here and there
becoming yellow at the base. Gills adnate, with a small decur-
rent tooth which is often obsolete, distant, distinct, linear, rather
thick comparatively, soft, whitish.

Wholly watery, very delicate, very fragile, wholly wavering. It differs from
all other species in the tube of the stem which is very thin, membranaceous,
consisting as it were only of the cuticle of the foregoing species, hence pellucid.
It varies with the pileus conical, lineato-striate to the prominent umbo, when
dry even and becoming pale.

In shady moist woods. Rare. Sept.

Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name tenuis, thin. Delicate. Bolt. t. 37. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 189.
. Illust. PI. 160. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 167.

V. FILIPEDES. Stem filiform,

290. A. filopes Bull. Pileus about 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, livid-
fuscous, rarely whitish, remarkably membranaceous, conical then
campanulate, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
and more long, fistulose, equal, \N\\Q\\^ filiform, tense and straight,

flaccid, but not very tough, even, smooth, rooting with a long pilose
tail, when in vigour filled with a watery juice. Gills free or only
reaching the stem, ventricose or lanceolate, crowded, white.

The gills are at length grey at the base as is usual in this group. More
fragile than the rest. Elegant in appearance where it grows in troops.

In woods, among leaves, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Na.meJZtum, a thread ; pes, a foot. With thread-like stem. Bull. t. 320.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 144. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n.
191. Illust. PL 161. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 168. Hoffm. Norn. t. 6.f. i. A.
pilosus Batschf. 2.

291. A. amictus Fr. Pileus 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, vary-
ing in colour, green, bluish-grey, livid, but not pure, membran-

LEUCOSPORI. 139

aceous, conico-campanulate, but scarcely umbonate, slightly pel- Mycena
lucid-striate to the middle, also pruinate when in full vigour, but
the pruina easily separates. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long,
thinly fistulose, filiform, equal, flexile, wholly villaus-pulverulent,
livid, but the very long tortuous root is almost smooth. Gills free,
or only reaching the stem, linear, crowded, narrow, grey, the
edge paler.

Gregarious, inodorous, very much tougher than A. filopes. The floccoso-
pruinose covering seems a species of veil.

Among leaves. Glamis, 1877, &c. Sept.

Spores 8x4 mk. B. Name amicio, to clothe. From the covering both on
pileus and stem. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 144. Icon. t. 82. f. 3.

B. & Br. n. 1642. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 169. C. Illust. PL 286. Buxb. Cent.
iv. /. 31. /. 2.

292. A. debilis Fr. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish
livid, somewhat flesh -colour, &c., becoming fuscous when dry,
membranaceous, very thin, campanulate then convex, obtuse,
striate w r hen moist, when dry even, but withering and corrugated.
Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, slightly fistulose, capillary-filiform,
weak and lax, of the same colour as the pileus, fibrillose at the
base. Gills broadly adnate, rather broad, distinct, somewhat

' distant, whitish, edge of the same colour.

Gregarious; soon withering in fine weather. In this natural habit it departs
very widely from all the others in this group. It is in reality intruded among
species which are not allied, on account of its filiform, juiceless, but flaccid
rather than flexile stem. It is readily distinguished from A. sanguinolentus,
which is very like it, by its gills being of the same colour at the edge. The
umbo, if present, is obtuse.

In chestnut wood. Wrotham, Kent, 1875. Oct.

Name debilis, weak. From the flaccid stem. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 222.
Hym. Eur. p. 145. Icon. t. 82. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1521. Bull. t. 518. /. P.

C. Illust. PL 189. A. capillaris Fl. Dan. t. 1670. /. i.

293. A. vitilis Fr. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, fuscous
or livid, becoming pale or whitish, membranaceous, conical then
campanulate, papillate, not wrinkled, but striate to the 'middle,
dry, smooth. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, thinly fistulose,
filiform, rooted, tense and straight, rigid but tough, easily flexile,
even, smooth, juiceless, shining, livid. Gills attenuato-adnate,
and without a decurrent tooth, ascending, linear, thin, distinct,
whitish or grey.

The pileus is deeply striate when moist, becoming even when dry. The
slightly fleshy papilla often vanishing. The gills sometimes slightly sinuate,
or, in a variation in which the pileus is fuscous, dark cinereous with a whitish

140 AGARICUS.

Mycena. edge. Solitary or gregarious, never caespitose. In nature and natural struc-
ture it approaches.^, galericulatus, so that it was taken (Bull. t. 518. /. e.) for
a slender variety of that species. Otherwise very variable, inodorous, persist-
ent, not withering when dry. It varies with the pileus obtuse, wholly lineato-
striate, &c.

In mixed woods among leaves. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

The gills vary a good deal in colour, and are sometimes very dark. M.J.B.
Name vitilis, plaited. From the deep striae. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 221. Hym.
Eur. p. 145. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n. 192. Illust. PL 189. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 170. Price f. 9. Bull. t. 518. f. O. A. tennis Sow. t. 385. f. 5.

294. A. collariatus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) and more
broad, typically fuscous, but becoming pale, commonly grey-
whitish, becoming fuscous only at the disc, membranaceous,
campanulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, striate, when dry
rigid, smooth, not soft nor slightly silky. Stem about 5 cent. (2
in.) long, fistulose, filiform but almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tough,
dry, smooth, even or slightly striate under a lens, becoming pale.
Gills adnate, joined in a collar behind, thin, crowded, hoary-
ivhitish, or obsoletely flesh-coloured.

The gills are somewhat dista..?when the pileus is expanded. There is not
a separate collar as in Marasmius rotula : the gills are only joined in the form
of a collar, and remain cohering when they separate from the stem. As A.
vitilis approaches A. galericulatus, this approaches A. stanneus, and without
having both species in hand it is difficult to distinguish them.

In wood, among oak-bark. Glamis, 1874. Nov.

In my specimens the pileus had a decided tinge of pink, like A. Adonis, but
differing, as Berkeley remarked, in the decidedly striato-sulcate pileus. The
attachment of the gills is very distinctive. Spores 8-10 x 4-6 mk. B. Name
collare, a collar. From the union of the gills in a collar. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
222. Hym. Eur. p. 146. Icon. t. 82. f. 5. B. & Br. n. 1520. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 171. C. Illust. PI. 189.

295. A. speireus Fr. Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, mem-
branaceous, conico-convex then plane, at length depressed in the
centre, the darker umbo fuscous, otherwise pallid cinereous or
whitish, variegated with fuscous striae, smooth, sometimes pruin-
ate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, i m. (}4 lin.) thick, fistulose,
very tough, filiform, equal, smooth, shining, white, becoming
fuscous at the base, ending with a tail-like fibrillose root. Gills
at first adnate, then when the pileus is depressed deeply decurrent,
distant, the alternate ones shorter, shining white.

The stem is not widened into the pileus as in the Mycenarian Omphalice.
In troops but not casspitose; appearing in very rainy weather.

On mossy trunks in mixed wood. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.
Even when the pileus is most depressed in the centre the darker umbo re-

LEUCOSPORI. 141

mains very marked. This is well defined in the figure and letterpress of Mycena.
' Icones ' ; " the darker papillate disc at length depressed." Name o-Treipa,
a coil. From the twisted root. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 147.
Icon. t. 78. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 126. C. Hbk. n. 193. Illust. PI. 190. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 172.

296. A. tenellus Fr. Wholly white or livid-flesh-colour.-
Pileus 12 mm. (^2 in.) broad, membranaceous, very tender, cam-
panulato-convex, obtuse, pellucid, slightly striate at the margin.
Stem capillary, smooth, soft, villous at the base. Gills uncinate,
very thin, crowded, 'white then flesh-colour.

Cczspitose.

On decayed trees. Caen Wood.

Name tener, tender. Diminutive. Very tender. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 147.
C. Illust. PL 190. Rail Syn. t. \.f. 2.

297. A. acicula Schasff. Pileus 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad,
vermilion - orange, membranaceous, campanulate then convex,
with a very small slightly flesliy umbo, striate, smooth, shining.
Stem 4-5 cent. (\/4-2 in.) long, delicately fistulose, rooted, wholly
bristle- like, very smooth (with exception of the rooting base),
bright shining, intensely yellow. Gills rounded-adnexed, almost
free, comparatively broad, ventricose, somewhat ovate, distant, the
alternate ones shorter, yellow, whitish at the edge or wholly
white.

Stem somewhat pruinose at the apex. Although -very tender it is very tough
&&& persistent.

On leaves, twigs, &c. Frequent. July-Oct.

Spores 8-iox 2-4 mk. B. Name acicula, a small pin. Schceff. t. 222. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 147. Icon. t. 85. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 127.
C. Hbk. n. 194. Illust. PL 190. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 173. B. young, with
white gills. Lasch. A. clavus Bolt. t. 39. B.

VI. LACTIPEDES. Stem milky, &c.

298. A. hsematopus Pers. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
white-flesh-colour, fleshy-membranaceous, slightly fleshy chiefly
at the disc, conical then campanulate, obtuse, nay convex and
spuriously umbonate, naked, even or slightly striate at the margin,
which is at the first elegantly denticulate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4
in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, remarkably fistulose,
rigid, normally everywhere pulverulent with whitish delicate
villous down, sometimes, however, denuded of it. Gills adnate,
often with a small decurrent tooth, the alternate ones shorter, in

142 AGARICUS.

Mycena. front disappearing short of the slight margin of the pileus, whitish
and wholly of the same colour at the edge.

Ccespitose (very many of the stems conjoined and strigose at the base), firm,
stature almost that of A. galericulatus, wholly abounding with dark blood-
coloured juice.

On stumps. Frequent. Sept.

Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 10x6-7 mk. K. Name at/aa, blood; TTOU?, a
foot. From the juice of the stem. Pers. Obs. 2. p. 56. Syn. p. 379. />.
Monogr. i. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83. f. i. B. & Br. n. 991.
C. Hbk. n. 195. Illust. PI. 162. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 174.

299. A. cruentus Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, bay-
brown or fuscous then red, becoming pale, somewhat membran-
aceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth, margin
quite entire. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, tense and straight, even, smooth
(never villous-pulverulent), paler than the pileus, villous-rooted at
the base, distilling a dark-red juice when broken. Gills wholly
adnate, crowded, linear, whitish, the edge, which is quite entire, of
the same colour.

Odour not remarkable. Always solitary; not flaccid. Intermediate between

A. hcematopus and A. sanguinolentus.

In pine woods. Rare. Sept.

Margin of pileus inflexed ; substance at first rather thick in proportion ;
stem rigid, strigose at the base ; gills obtuse in front, shortly adnate. B. &
Br. Spores 6-8 x 4 mk. B. Name crtwr, gore. From the red juice. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 127.

B. & Br. n. 992. C. Hbk. n. 196. Illust. PI. 162. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 175.

SOW. t. 385. / 2, 3.

300. A. sanguinolentus A. & S. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
broad, pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and striae com-
monly darker, very thinly membranaceotts, campanulato-convex or
hemispherical, papillate, smooth, striate to the umbo. Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, weak, flaccid, almost capillary, mod-
erately tough, naked, smooth, pallid, somewhat fibrillose at the
base. Gills adnate, linear, somewhat distant, the alternate ones
shorter, paler than the pileus, the edge black-purple.

The stem is elongated among Sphagna to as much as 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.).
Gregarious. So very tender and easily withering that it is commonly over-
looked. The thinnest of this group and inclining to Calodo?ites in the edge of
the gills being black-purple, but placed in this section on account of the stem
distilling a pale-reddish juice. The edge of the gills always safely distin-
guishes it from A. debilis to which it is very like.

In woods among leaves especially fir. Common. July-Oct.

LEUCOSPORI. 143

Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, irregular, 8-9 x 6-7 mk. K. ; irregularly toothed, Mycena.
roundish, 7-9x5-8 mk. B. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Namesanguts, blood.
From the juice. Alb. & Schw. p. 196. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 225. Hym. Eur.
p. 148. Icon. t. 83. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 197. lllust. PL
163. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 176. Go tin. &> Rab. t. j. f. 10. Bull. t. 518.7. P.
right hand.

301. A. crocatus Schrad. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 i n -) broad,
olivaceous, cinereous or shining white, somewhat membranaceous,
conical then campanulate, the even umbonate disc reddish, striate
towards the quite entire margin. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.)
long, slightly attenuated from the base, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
tense and straight, even, smooth, saffron-blood-colour, especially
towards the rooting fibrillose base. Gills attenuato-adnexed,
somewhat distant, broader in front, somewhat ventricose, white.

Quite inodorous, scattered. Readily distinguished by its saffron-blood juice.
The base of the stem creeps among leaves. There is a smaller variety on
beech.

In woods among leaves. Uncommon.

Name crocus, saffron. From the juice. Schrad. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226.
Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 198. lllust. PL 163.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 177. FL Dan. t. 1550.7. i, 2024.7 i. Knapp. Journ. Bot.
t. 7.

302. A. chelidonius Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 i"-) broad,
becoming yellow-flesh-colour, somewhat membranaceous, cam-
panulate then convex, obtuse, smooth, pellucid-striate when moist,
even and opaque when dry, margin quite entire. Stem 4-5 cent.
(i l /z-2 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm,
even, smooth, becoming yellow, sparingly filled with yellow juice,
rooting and villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat distant,
distinct, whitish or becoming yellow-white.

Somewhat caespitose, with the habit of yellowish forms of A. alkalinus to
which it is allied. Odour somewhat alkaline.

On stumps of beech. Rare.

Name chelidonium, the name of a flowering plant (Celandine) with yellow
juice. The name is derived from x e ^i6i>, a swallow; the swallow arriving
about the time the plant flowers. The fungus is so named from its yellow
milk. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C.
Hbk. n. 199. lllust. PL 207 a. A. pumilus Sow. t. 385. f. 4.

303. A. galopus Pers. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at
first becoming black, then cinereous, varying white with a black-
ish papilla, membranaceous, conical then campanulate, some-
what umbonate, striate, naked or pruinate. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, fistulose, slender, somewhat fragile, even, smooth
or pruinate, cinereous-blackish, paler upwards, somewhat thick-

144 AGARICUS.

Mycena. ened villous and rooting at the base. Gills attenuated behind,
slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of the pileus, white,
sometimes becoming glaucous.

The stem is elongated among the taller mosses. Readily distinguished
from all others by the plentiful white juice of the stem. When old and juice-
less it is easily confounded with A. filopes. Growing in troops.

In woods, among leaves. Common. July-Oct.

Name yaXa, milk; TTOU'?, a foot. From the white juice of the stem. Pers.
Fr, Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Out. p. 128. /. 6. f. 2. C.
Hbk. n. 200. Illust. PL 207. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 178. Fl. Dan. t. 1550. f. 2.
Gonn. & Rab. t. -j.f. 9. Batt. t. 28. Q.

304. A. leucogalus Cke. Pileus 12 mm. (> in.) broad and
high, purple brown, paler at the margin, becoming black at the
umbo, membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, sulcate to the
middle; milk white, plentiful. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, fis-
tulose, slender, a little thickened downwards, of the same col-
our as the pileus, whitish tomentose at the base. Gills adnate
with a small decurrent tooth, rather distant, connected by veins,
cinereous.

Pileus not exceeding an inch. Forming dense caespitose tufts.

On rotten stump. Kew, 1883. Oct.

Name Xev6?, white ; yd\a, milk. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41.

VII. GLUTINIPEDES. Stem glutinous, Q^c.

305. A. epipterygius Scop. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. ( l / 2 -i in.) and
more broad, commonly cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate
and at length more expanded, obtuse, never depressed, striate,
covered over with a pellicle which, when the plant is moist, is
very viscous, and in every state easily separable, the margin when
young sometimes elegantly denticulate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
and more long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, often
flexuous, rooted and fibrillose at the base, even, viscous, for the
most part yellow, but varying cinereous, pallid, whitish. Gills
decurrent with a tooth, thin, whitish, cinereous, bluish-grey,
rufescent.

A very changeable species, chiefly as regards colour ; pileus often rufescent
when older. Sometimes solitary, sometimes gregarious or casspitose, inodor-
ous. Easily distinguished by the viscous pellicle being easily separable both
from the stem and the pileus.

In woods, among grass, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov.

The stem is generally paler in the middle. Spores ellipsoid, 8-10 x 4-5 mk.
K. ; 6-10 x 4-5 mk. B. Name em, upon ; mepvyiov, a membrane. From

LEUCOSPORI. 145

the pellicle. Scop. p. 453. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 227. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Mycena.

Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 201. Illust. PL 208. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 179.
Sow. t. 92. Fl. Dan. t. 2078. f. 2.

306. A. clavicularis Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (X in-) and more
broad, whitish, light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana-
ceous, convexo-expanded, striate, dry, without a pellicle, at length
depressed at the disc. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose,
tough, even, smooth, not very viscous, whitish, fibrillose at the
base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent when the pileus is de-
pressed, often connected by veins, whitish.

A remarkable species, related to A. epipterygius, but almost dry ; the stem
is viscid only in wet weather. There is a thinner variety with filiform stem.

In grassy ground in fir woods. Glamis, 1876, &c. Oct.

Name clavus, a nail. Like a small nail in shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228.
Hym. Eur. p. 149. Icon. t. 84. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1749. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i.
1 80. Bull. t. 80. C. Illust. PI. 208.

307. A. pelliculosus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (K~i in-) broad,
fuscous then grey, membranaceous, campanulate then convex,
obtuse, lineato-striate to the middle, with a viscid separable pellicle.
Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, fistulose, rigid,
tense and straight, somewhat thickened at the apex, smooth, vis-
cid, white-livid, becoming fuscous. Gills adnate, alternate, very
distant, almost in the form of folds, but wholly simple and ?iot con-
nected by veins, joined in a collar behind and decurrent, becoming
glaucous.

The pileus is covered with a viscous separable pellicle like A. epipterygius ;
but it is very easily distinguished from that species by the distant, fold-like
gills. The gills are much more decurrent than those of A. epipterygius.
Growing in troops during very rainy weather.

On heaths and in heathy woods. Frequent. Sept. -Oct.

Cinereous. Resembling A. galcriculatus rather than A. epipterygius. M.J.B.
Name pcllicula, a thin membrane. Furnished with a pellicle. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 202. Illust. PL
191. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 181.

308. A. vulgaris Pers. Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad,
fuscous or cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate
then convex, then depressed at the disc, papillate, slightly striate,
slightly viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, commonly 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, very viscous, cinereous, rooting and white-
strigose at the base. Gills at first uncinato-adfixed, then decur-
rent, thin, white.

Gregarious, inodorous, changeable. The pileus is often rufescent when

146 AGARICUS.

Mycena. old ; it varies whitish, with the papilla fuscous. The stem is elongated and
filiform among the taller mosses.

In fir woods, &c., among moss. Common. July-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid, 3~4X2mk. K.; ioX4mk. IV. P. Name vulgaris, com-
mon. Pers. Syn. p. 394. Ic. pict. t. 19. /. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym.
Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 128. /. 6./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 203. Illust. PL 191.
b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 182. Qucl. t. 4. f. 7. Fl. Dan. t. 1678. f. 2 (incorrect).

309. A. citrinellus Pers. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
lemon-yellow, but often darker at the disc, membranaceous, cam-
panulate then hemispherical and flattened, but not umbilicato-
depressed, striate, scarcely viscous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
fistulose, _/?/z/2>r;;z, smooth, viscid in wet weather at least, lemon-
yellow, villous at the base, but scarcely rooting. Gills uncinate,
alternate, distant, moderately broad, shining white.

Pileus becoming pale. Gregarious ; smaller and less viscid than A. vul-
garis. Var. Candida, sulphur-yellow when dry.

In pine woods, &c. Uncommon. Oct.

Persoon's plant grows on the ground. The form described by Fries in
' Icones ' is smaller and grows on wood. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name
citrus, lemon. Lemon-yellow. Pers. Ic. t. \~i.f. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 229.
Hym. Eur. p. 150. Icon. t. 84. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1215. C. Hbk. n. 204.
Illust. PL 248. Fl. Dan. t. 1614.7. * Batschf. 88.

310. A. plicato-crenatus Fr. Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, but
higher, white then becoming light yellow, very thin, conical,
somewhat umbonate, remarkably sulcato-plicate and crenate, with-
out a separable pellicle. Stem 4 cent. (\% in.) long, filiform,
obsoletely or scarcely fistulose from its thinness, pallid reddish,
internally becoming light yellow, smooth, viscid. Gills ascend-
ing, narrow and attenuated behind, adnate, with a small decur-
rent tooth, distant, white.

Allied to the very protean A. epipterygius, but thinner, so that the pileus is
deeply plicate like that of Marasmius rotula, and the margin remarkably cre-
nate. In its very thin plicato-crenate pileus it approaches A. roridus.

Among heath. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.

Name //zVrt, a fold ; crena, a notch. Plicate and crenate. Fr. Monogr.
ii. /. 294. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Icon. t. 84. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1748. C. Illust.
PL 248. b.

311. A. roridus Fr. Wholly shining white, but varying with
the pileus becoming yellow. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
very thin, membranaceous, conico-campanulate then convex, dry,
sulcate when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 1-2.5 cent.
-i in.) and more long, obsoletely fistulose on account of its

LEUCOSPORI. 147

extreme thinness, capillary, covered over with thick, fluid, shining, Mycena.
hyaline gluten, inserted at the base (not rooted), smooth. Gills
arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter.

Not allied to any ; among the smallest of Mycence, but of all of them the
most extraordinary on account of the thick (i lin.) fluid and pellucid jelly, with
which the capillary stem is everywhere covered over, or in which it is as it were
immersed.

On dead sticks, twigs, &c. Rare. Sept.

Various in colour, but generally white with a slight cinereous tinge. After
abundant rain the dripping stem is very striking. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid
or oblong-ellipsoid, 8-n x 4 mk. K. Name roridus, wet with dew. Dripping.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n.
205. lllust. PL 248. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 183. Quel. t. 4. /. 4.

VIII. BASIPEDES. Stem dilated at the base,

312. A. stylobates Pers. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
commonly white, membranaceous, campanulate, at length convex,
obtuse, pellucid-striate, dry, commonly sprinkled 'with spreading
hairs. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, ftstulose, Jitiform, some-
times almost capillary, equal, naked, dry, seated upon an orbicular,
plane, striate, slightly villous base. Gills free, wholly separate
behind, ventricose, broader in front, distant, alternate.

Very tender, fragile ; commonly wholly white, but varying grey, becoming
azure-blue. Always solitary and sporadic. In close places the stem is 7.5-10
cent. (3-4 in.) long and flexuous (Hqffm. t. 6. f. 2).

On twigs, leaves, &c. Uncommon. Oct.

Spores 2 X3mk. I V.G. S. Name <rrOAos, a pillar ; /Seurw, a base. From the
way in which the stem rests upon the disc-like base. Pers. Syn. t. 5. f. 4. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 230. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 129. /. 6. /. 5. C. Hbk.
?2. 206. lllust. PL 249. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 184. A. shining white. B.
slightly grey. Sturm. Deutsch. t. 29. C. becoming azure-blue. Fl. Dan. t.
2025. f. 3. Hoffm. t. 6. f. 2.

313. A. tenerrimus Berk. Pure white. Pileus 2-3 mm. (i-
\% lin.) broad, convex, not pilose, but frosted with minute gran-
ules. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely ]/$ lin. thick, fistulose,
flexuous, pilose, adhering by a minute pubescent disc, which is
not the least striate. Gills free, ventricose, distant, unequal.

A very minute, but distinct species. Very delicate, tender, and easily
injured. Gregarious. Disc not striate.

On fir-cones, sticks, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Dec.

Spores round. Name tener, tender. Very tender. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p.

148 AGARICUS.

Mycena. 61. Out. p. 129. /. 6./. 6. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 207. Illust.
PL 249. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 185.

314. A. discopus Lev. Shining white. Pileus conical, obtuse,
mealy-pulverulent. Stem very tender, mealy-pulverulent, inserted
with a small hairy bulb. Gills adnate, few, very distant, plicose.

Very small. Clearly distinct from A. tenerrimus in the gills.
On twigs.

Name fito-Ko?, a disc ; TTOV?, a foot. From the stem set on a disc. Ltveill.
Ann. Sc. Nat. 1841. p. 239. /. 14. f. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 151. C. Illust.
PI. 192.

315. A. sacchariferus B. Br. Whitish, everywhere beset
with shining granules. Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, wholly hemi-
spherical. Stem short, 4 mm. (2 lin.) long, filiform, fixed at the
base by a few flocci. Gills arcuato-decurrent, 8-9, very distant,
rather thick, their margin and even the surface granulated.

Allied to A. tenerrimus, which has crystalline particles on the pileus, but the
gills are free and ventricose.

On bramble and nettle stalks. Batheaston, 1869. March.

Spores 3 mk. W.P. Na.me^sacc/iaron, sugar ; fero, to bear. From the
sugar-like granules. B. & Br. n. 1216. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 151. C. Illust.
PL 192. Var. electicus Buck. Differing in the pileus being at length sulcate,
and in the adnate gills. Buck. Trans. Brist. Soc. C. Illust. PL 249.

316. A. pterigenus Fr. Wholly beautiful rose-colour. Pileus
6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, 4 mm. (2 lin.) high, very tender, pellucid,
globose when young, then oblong, and at length campanulate,
always obtuse and at length umbilicate, even except as it appears
slightly striate from the translucent gills. Stem at first obso-
letely, but when full grown remarkably fistulose, flaccid, smooth,
naked, thickened into a bulb and girt with long, strigose, radiat-
ing fibrils at the base. Gills few (6-8), adnate, broad, distant,
distinct, and without any dimidiate ones intermixed.

Although always delicate and thin it varies very much in stature ; stem
capillary, in choked-up places elongated to 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), sometimes
tense and straight, sometimes flexuous ; pileus at the beginning of the size
and form of a pin's head. In natural affinity it comes nearest to A. capillaris.
Gregarious and often fasciculate.

On dead fern-stems, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Var. with lemon-coloured stem, and more crowded gills, on oak-leaves.
M.J.B. The gills are occasionally alternate. Usually found by the sides of
rivulets. The dead fern-stems, hanging in damp masses, must be lifted up,
as it generally grows underneath, and is easily overlooked. Spores ellipsoid,
8-9 x 4 mk. K. Name pteris, a species of fern ; gigno, to bear. Growing on
fern-stems. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 231. Hym. Eur. p. 152. Icon. t. 85. /. 4.

LEUCOSPORI. 149

Berk. Out. p. 129. t. 6.f. 7. C. Hbk. n. 208. Illust. PL 192. S. Mycol. Mycena.
Scot. n. 186. Brigant. t. 35. f. 6. Gonn. 6^ Rab. t. j.f. 3. Pers. Myc. Eur.
3. /. 28./. 6.

IX. INSITITI^E. Stem inserted, &c.

317. A. corticola Schum. Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad,
blackish, becoming azure-blue, fuscous, cinereous, c., thin, hemi-
spherical, obtuse, at length obsoletely umbilicate, deeply striate,
smooth or flocculoso-pruinate. Stem about 12 mm. (% in.) long,
scarcely I m. (j^ in.) thick, delicately fistulose, incurved from
situation, smooth or slightly furfuraceous, paler than the pileus.
Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth, broad, some-
what ovate, distant, paler than the pileus.

Very changeable in colour. On account of its similar habitat it is com-
monly confounded with A. hiemalis. Always small, soon corrugated in dry
weather, becoming flaccid. Growing in troops.

On living trunks, ash, oak, c., among moss. Common.
Aug.-Dec.

Withering when dry, but often reviving when moistened. M.J.B. Spores
subsphseroid, 9-11 ink. K. ; 4x8 mk. W.G.S. Name cortex, bark; colo, to
inhabit. Growing on bark. Schum. Sczll. n. 4689. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 232.
Hym. Eur. p. 152. Icon. t. 85. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 129. C. Hbk. n. 209.
Illust. PL 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 187. Schnizl. apud Sturm. Heft. 3. /. 2.
Mich. t. 74. f. 8. B. becoming light-yellow-white.

318. A. hiemalis Osbeck. Pileus thin, campanulate, obsoletely
umbonate, striate at the margin. Stem thin, ascending, slightly
downy downwards. Gills adnate and uncinate, narrow, linear,

whitish.

In the same habitats as A. corticola, but more scattered. It is distinguished
but with difficulty from A. corticola: by the stem being longer, erect or
ascending, scarcely incurved, pubescent downwards, by the campanulate
pileus being obtusely umbonate, striate only at the margin, and chiefly by its
narrow linear gills. The colour also is constantly paler, whitish, flesh-colour-
rufescent, &c., scarcely ever azure-blue or fuscous.

On trunks, oak, c. Rare. Sept.-March.

Name hiems, winter. Occurring in winter. Osbeck in Retz. Suppl. p. 19.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 153. Monogr. \. p. 233. Icon. t. 85. /. i. B. e~" Br. ?i.
993. C. Hbk. n. 210. Illust. PL 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 188. Gonn. &
Rab. t. i.f. 6. A. corticalis Bull. t. 519. /. i a (white), b (flesh-colour-rufous).

319. A. setosus Sow. Pileus becoming fuscous, hemispheri-
cal, obtuse, smooth. Stem inserted, capillary, everywhere shaggy
with distant spreading hairs. Gills distant, white.

Pileus very small, very tender.

On dead leaves (beech) in woods. Rare.

150 AGARICUS.

Mycena. Pileus not exceeding iV of an inch broad. Stem % in. long, finer than a

hair. Nearly allied to A. capillaris, and very distinct from Marasmius Hud-
soni. M.J.B. Name seta, a bristle. Bristly; from the hairs on the stem.
Sow. t. 302. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 153. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 64. Out. p. 130.
C. Hbk. n. 211. Iliitst. PL 193.

320. A. capillaris Schum. Dead white when moist, shining
whitish when dry. Pileus about 2 mm. (i lin.) high and broad,
white, very tender, at first resembling a small pin's head, then
campanulate and obtuse, at length umbilicate, slightly striate
when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.), sometimes
among leaves 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, inserted, capil-
lary, flexuous, flaccid, smooth, more rarely girt with radiating
fibrils at the base, not becoming fuscous downwards but only at
the apex. Gills few, adnate, ascending, broad, distinct, all nearly
entire and equal in length.

Very tender, but comparatively tough, readily withering when dry.

In woods, on dead leaves, chiefly beech. Frequent. Sept.-

Nov.

Appearing chiefly in soaking w r et weather. Spores 2 mk. W.G.S. Name
capillus, a hair. From the hair-like stem. Schum. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 233.
Hym. Eur. p. 153. Icon. t. 84. f. 6. Berk. Out. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 212.
Il'lust. PL 193. S. My col. Scot. n. 189. FL Dan. t. 2142. /. i. A. lacteus
Bull. t. 6oi.f. 2. C. A. acicularis Hoffm. Norn. t. 5. /. 2.

321. A. juncicola Fr. Pileus 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rufescent,
convex, striate, smooth. Stem 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, inserted,
capillary, smooth, fuscous. Gills adnate, distant, white.

Very small, very tender.

On dead rushes in bogs. Rare. June-July.

Pileus in my specimens of a deep blood-red, inclining to tawny. Gills
yellowish-white. Stem brown, paler above. M.J.B. Fries notes having
found it chiefly on rotten leaves of Juncus articulatus. Name Juncus, a
rush ; colo, to inhabit. Growing on rushes. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 154. Monogr.
\. p. 234. Icon. t. 85. /. 6. Berk. Out. p. 130. C. Hbk. n. 213. Illust. PL
193. c. Mich. t. 80. /. 9. Paul. t. 105. /. n. Bull. t. 148. /. D.

Omphaiia. Subgenus VIII. OMPHALIA (o(jL<t>a\6s, an umbilicus). Fr.
Syst. Myc. i. p. 162. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose, but having the
tube often stuffed with flocci, somewhat thickened upwards,
widened out like a trumpet into the pileus. Gills truly decurrent.
Pileus somewhat membranaceous. Very closely allied to the Colly-
bice and Mycence, from 'which this tribe is separated on account of

LEUCOSPORI.

its gills. Stature and history the same. Species of the same OmphaHa.
stature also occur among the Cantharelli and Marasmii. The
pileus is most frequently indeed um-
hilicato-infundibuliform, but this fea-
ture is in no wise constant or essential,
nor is it a mark of more importance
that the gills are often branched. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 154.

The species are generally well
marked. They prefer a moist situation,
and stand changes of temperature well.
The larger ones are peculiar to moun-
tainous regions. They are inodorous,
and none are known to be edible.

IX. Agaricus (flmphalia) nm-
belliferus. Natural size.

I. Collyhiarii. Pileus at the first dilated,
with the margin inflexed. These are divided
by their gills into three very distinct groups.

* Hydrogrammi (A. hydrogrammus}.
Commonly comparatively large, gills nar-
row, very crowded. Besides the essential mark afforded by the stem, they
differ from the cyathiform Clitocybae by their gills, which are truly decurrent
at the first, very crowded and arcuate.

* Pyxidati (A. pyxidatus). Intermediate, gills slightly distant, narrow,
attenuated at both ends.

*** Umbelliferi (A. umbelliferus}. Gills very distant, broad, commonly
thick. (Xerotus turfosus is likely to be looked for here.)

II. Mycenarii. Pileus at the first campanulate, margin straight, pressed to
the stem.

* Campanellse (A. campanella). Gills broad, perfect, unequal.
** Integrelli (A. integrellus). Gills fold- like, narrow.

I. COLLYBIARII.

* Hydrogrammi. Gills narrow, very crowded.

322. A. hydrogrammus Fr. Of one colour, livid or whitish-
livid when moist, whitish when dry. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and
more broad, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate,
remarkably hygrophanous, border spreading, somewhat undulated,
striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, remark-
ably cartilaginous, hollow-jistulose, smooth, rooted and white-
bearded at the base, sometimes shorter, round, straight, sometimes
elongated, often decumbent and caespitose, commonly compressed
and undulated, livid, naked at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent,
very crowded, narrow, arcuate, quite entire, very unequal, livid-
whitish.

Somewhat csespitose. When in the dry state it has been confounded by
most authors with A. phyllophilus.

152 AGARICUS.

Among dead leaves. Coed Coch, 1876, &c. Oct.

Name vS<ap, water; ypa/jL^-q, a line. With watery streaks. Fr. Monogr. i.
/. 179. Hym. Eur. p. 154. Icon. t. 71. B. & Br. n. 1643. Letell. Ic. t.
605. C. Illust. PL 239. Bull. t. 674.

323. A. umbilicatus Schaeff. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
//wV/when moist, the disc becoming somewhat fuscous, whitish
when dry, somewhat membranaceous, at the first deeply umbili-
cate, otherwise convexo-plane, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent.
(1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose,
equal, here and there flexuous, twisted or incurved, somewhat
rooted or cohering with villous down at the base, even, silky -
striate with white fibrils at the apex. Gills at first shortly -, then
deeply decurrent, crowded, thin, unequal, whitish.

B. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming yellow-livid, rather plane, de-
pressed at the disc. Stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) long, not rooted, remarkably
cartilaginous. Gills shortly decurrent. The habit is different, but there are
no distinguishing characters. In pine woods.

Somewhat caespitose. Very hygrophanous. Pileus at length infundibuli-
form. There are many similarly coloured forms of Clitoc. Orbiformes distinct
in the fibrous stem, in the pileus not being at the first deeply umbilicate, and
in the gills being scarcely decurrent.

In woods among moss. Perth, 1876. Autumn.

Name umbilicus, navel. With a small circular depression. Schceff. t. 207.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 179. Hym. Eur. p. 155. B. 6" Br. n. 1644. S. Mycol.
Scot. 11. 190.

324. A. maurus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
broad, fuliginous when moist, livid when dry, somewhat mem-
branaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, smooth, hygrophanous,
striate when moist, even, silky shining when dry. Stem 2.5-5
cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, remarkably
cartilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, fragile, at first flocculoso-
stuffed, smooth, fuliginous-blackish. Gills much attenuated at
both ends, very acutely and deeply decurrent, arcuate, very
crowded, shining white.

Very distinguished by its deep umbilicus, but by the broad border being
everywhere regularly deflexed. In a similar habitat a younger or poorer form
occurs : pileus firmer, not striate ; gills adnato-decurrent, little arcuate. A.
atratus differs in the even pileus, tough stem, and scarcely crowded and not
truly decurrent gills.

On lawns and in moist places. Coed Coch.

Fries gathered it in marshy burnt places among charcoal. Spores ellipsoid
or ellipsoid-sphasroid, even, 5-6x3-4 A'. Name Maurus, a Moor, swarthy.
From the dusky colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 180. Hym. Eur. p. 156. Icon. t.
73. /. 2 var. B. & Br. n. 1645. C. Illust. PI. 287.

LEUCOSPORI. 153

325. A. offuciatus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first Omphaiia.
dark then pale flesh- colour, becoming pale, almost whitish, when
old and dry, slightly fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, even,
smooth, hygrophanous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2
lin.) thick, remarkably cartilaginous, Jistulose, equal, round when
young, then compressed, smooth, reddish, obsoletely pruinate at
the apex. Gills moderately decurrent, plane, straight, crowded,
narrow, of the same colour as the pileus.

The pileus is not so deeply umbilicate as in the rest of this group. The
gills change colour from dark to pale flesh as the pileus does. Almost the
habit of A. dryophilus. There are commonly 2-3 individuals joined together
in a fasciculate manner.

Under beech, &c. Coed Coch, 1880.

Name offucia, a wash or paint. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 181. Hym. Eur. p. 156.
Icon. t. 72. / 3. B. & Br. n. 1852. C. Illust. PL 287.

*# PYXIDATI. Gills slightly distant, narrow,

326. A. chrysophyllus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and
more broad, very hygrophanous, yellow -fuscous when moist,
tan-hoary or hoary-whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous,
flaccid, at the first deeply umbilicate, the spreading border some-
what reflexed, flocculose, somewhat squamulose. Stem 2.5-5
cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, tough, soon Jistulose,
equal, somewhat incurved, even, very smooth, somewhat rooted
at the villous base, golden egg-yellow, colour unchangeable. Gills
truly decurrent, distant, broad, distinct, persistently golden egg-
yellow.

Spores wholly white. Comparatively large, gregarious. The gills are
broader than those of species nearest to it.

On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1884. Oct.

When moist the umbilicus is darker than the rest of the pileus. Name
xpvcros, gold; <pv\\ov, a leaf. With golden gills. Fr. JMonogr. i. /. 181. Hym.
Eur. p. 156. Icon. t. 74. f. i.

327. A. Postii Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - O" 2 in -) ancl more
broad, bright orange, membranaceous, at the first umbilicate,
then depressed, even, smooth, but convex and striate towards the
margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more
thick, fistulose, remarkably equal, tense and straight, even,
smooth, becoming light yellow. Gills deeply and truly decur-
rent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, linear, arcuate, whitish.

Readily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the bright orange
colour of the smooth pileus.

154 AGARICUS.

Omphalia. On charcoal-beds. Downton, 1874. Sept.

Name after H. von Post. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 291. Hym. Eur. p. 157.
Icon. t. 74. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 194.

328. A. pyxidatus Bull. Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, very hygrophanous, brick - rufescent or rufous- fuscous
when moist, becoming pale, opaque when dry, membranaceous,
pellucid, umbilicate then infundibuliform, when moist smooth,
sometimes at the margin, sometimes wholly radiato-striate, when
dry flocculose or slightly silky. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, al-
most 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, tough, equal,
round, smooth or pruinose, pallid then rufescent. Gills decur-
rent, somewhat distant, distinct, narrow, but broader at the
middle, flesh-colour then pale-yellowish.

The entire plant is much more changeable than neighbouring species are.
Among grass on lawns and in woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Spores ellipsoid-spheroid, irregular, 7-8x5-6 mk. K. ; 6-4x4-5 mk. B. ;
5~7 x 3~4 m k. W.P. Name ^arw, a small box. Box-shaped. Bull. t. 568.
f. 2. Fr, Monogr. i. p. 182. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Berk. Out. p. 130. t. 6.
f. 8. C. Hbk. n. 214. Illust. PL 194. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 191.

329. A. leucophyllus Fr. Pileus more than 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, dark cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, infundibuli-
form, becoming even, not floccose, the reflexed margin involute.
Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed
then fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, even, smooth, cinereous. Gills
decurrent, slightly distant, arcuate, distinct, shining white.

Very distinct from all others of this group in its shining white gills. Anal-
ogous with A. maurus, but clearly distinct in its stature and somewhat dis-
tant gills.

Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1869.

Spores ellipsoid-pruniform, punctate, 10 mk. Q. Name A.evc6?, white ;
<wAAoj/, a leaf. White-gilled. Fr. Vet. Ak. Fork. 1851. p. 45. Monogr. i.
p. 183. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon. t. 73. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1217. C. Illust.
PL 288.

330. A. striaepileus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
broad, hygrophanous, livid-fuscous, becoming pale-white when
dry, somewhat membranaceous, convex \\\z\\ flattened, umbilicate,
never infundibuliform, the whole elegantly striate, smooth, even
and not floccose when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuous, slightly
tough, even, smooth, becoming fuscous. Gills somewhat decur-
rent, somewhat crowded, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4 lin.) broad, whitish, not
becoming cinereous.

LEUCOSPORI. 155

Among moss in mixed wood. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Omphaiia.

Easily recognised by its remarkably striate pileus. Spores ovoid-sphceroid,
verrucose echinulate, 7-8 ink. Q. Name stria, a furrow. With striate
pileus. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 291. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon, t. 73. f. 3. B.
Br. n. 1646. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 192. C. Illust. PL 288.

331. A. telmatiaeus Berk. & Cke. Pileus 18 mm. (}{ in.) broad,
hygrophanous, brown then mouse-coloured, infundibuliform or
deeply umbilicate, minutely virgate. Stem compressed, tomen-
tose at the base. Gills distinct, distant, ending abruptly, decur-
rent.

On sphagnum. Aboyne, 1862, c. Aug.

Name reA/nartaio?, occurring in marshy places. B. & Br. n. 994 (A. affri-
catus). C. Illust. PI. 240.

332. A. sphagnicola Berk. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) broad,
dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker in age, somewhat fleshy, infun-
dibuliform, obscurely striate and minutely squamulose, moist but
not viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
fistulose, somewhat crooked, smooth except at first when it is very
minutely squamulose above. Gills decurrent, narrow, moderately
distant, thick, edge flattish, dirty ochraceous.

Distinguished from A. philonotis by its tough, elastic substance, c.
On Sphagnum acutifolium. Uncommon. June.

Name sphagnum; colo, to inhabit. Growing among sphagnum. Berk.
Eng. Fl. v. p. 67. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 217. Illust. PI. 289. a. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 194. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 158.

333. A. philonotis Lasch. Cinereous-fuliginous. Pileus 12-

18 mm. (/4-} in.) broad, membranaceous, the 'whole deeply infun-
dibuliform, margin erect, without striae, hygrophanous, floccose
when dry. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long, scarcely reaching 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal or attenuated upwards, smooth, floc-
cose at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, extended in a straight
line to the margin, somewhat distant, narrow, lanceolate.

Fragile. Pyxidate. Margin of pileus not reflexed.
On sphagnum. Glamis, 1874, &c. Aug.

Fries notes that it is a vernal species. Name $i'Aos, loving; VOTI'S,

moisture. Moisture-loving. Lasch n. 226. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 184. Hym.

Erir. p. 158. Icon. t. 76. /. i. B. &= Br. n. 1412. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 19^.
C. Illust. PL 289. b.

334. A. oniscus Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
dark cinereous becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry, somewhat

156 AGARICUS.

Omphalia. membranaceous, or slightly fleshy, flaccid, fragile when old, con-
vexo-umbilicate or infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flex-
uous, even-lobed, smooth, even, margin striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i
in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, stuffed then fistuiose,
slightly firm, moderately tough, sometimes round, curved, some-
times unequal, compressed, ascending, undulated, grey. Gills
shortly decurrent, somewhat distant, quaternate, cinereous.

The gills are almost darker when dried. Not caespitose. Very distinct from
A. philonotis, &c., but allied to A. pyxidatus, though the colour is very
different. In colour and irregular pileus it approaches very near to A. (Pleur.)
tremulus.

On swampy ground in woods. Rare. Dec.

Spores 12 x 7-8 mk. B. Name wiV/co?, the wood-lorse. From the cine-
reous colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 158. Icon. t. 76. f. 3.
Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 218. Illmt. PI. 209. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 196.

335. A. caespitosus Bolt. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 i n -) broad,
hygrophanous, yellowish-white when moist, becoming opaque-
white when dry, somewhat membranaceous, convex, somewhat
hemispherical, umbilicate, margin crenate, sulcate nearly to the
centre, otherwise smooth. Stem usually curved, fistuiose, some-
what bulbous at the base. Gills very distant and very broad
(triangular), shortly decurrent, whitish.

On peat and sandy heaths. King's Lynn, 1882.

Formerly confounded with A. on i setts. Spores 5x6 mk. W.G.S. Name
ccespes, a clump. Casspitose ; from its habit of growth. Bolt. t. 41. c. C.
Illust. PL 209. b.

336. A. glaucophyllus Lasch. Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (^ in.)
broad, mouse-colour, hygrophanous, becoming pale when dry,
membranaceous, infundibuliform, plicato-striate, slightly smooth,
become even when dry. Stem stuffed, firm. Gills decurrent,
somewhat distant, lanceolate, olivaceous.

On the ground in woods. King's Lynn.

Name yAavKos, a bluish grey, of the olive ; (/>vAAoi>, a leaf. With olive-grey
gills. Lasch n. 217. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 159.

337. A. rusticus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) and less broad,
fuscous then grey when moist, when dry smooth and becoming
fuscous in one form, somewhat silky and hoary in another, mem-
branaceous, always truly and broadly umbilicate at the disc, other-
wise convex, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 12 mm.
(Yz in.) rarely more long, I m. (% lin.) thick, stuffed, curt, equal
or thickened upwards and only where so thickened at length hoi-

LEUCOSPORI. 157

low, -polished, smooth, fuscous then grey, slightly villous at the base. Omphalia.
Gills decurrent, thick, somewhat distant, equally attenuated at
both ends, grey, edge arcuate.

In the one form (becoming fuscous) which seems the younger, the adnate
gills are slightly, but in the other deeply, decurrent.

On grass avenue in wood. Coed Coch, 1866, c. Aug.-Sept.

Name rus, the country. Rustic; occurring in wild, grassy, &c. .places.
Fr. Monogr. \. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 159. B. & Br. n. 1217 bis. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 197. A. ericetorum Pers. Obs. Myc. i. t. 4. f. 12, var. y.

I

*** Umbelliferi. Gills very distant, broad, &>c.

338. A. demissus Fr. Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, fus-
cous-rufescent, somewhat membranaceous, convex then expanded,
obtuse, at length umbilicate, striate when moist, even and smooth
when dry. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, somewhat carti-
laginous, but stuffed, equal, even, smooth, shining, liver-rufescent.
Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very broad behind, somewhat
triangular, distant, distinct, becoming purple.

Pileus obsoletely pruinose when dry. It has the habit and many of the
characters of A. laccatus.

In waste places. Rare. Oct.

A. rnfulus B. & Br. Margin of pileus crenulate. Stem flexuous. Gills
rather thick, forked, interstices veiny. Spores oblong, oblique. B. & Br.
Name demissus, drooping. Bent to one side. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 143. Hym.
Eur. p. 1 60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 198. C. Illust. PL 250. A. rufulus B. 6-=
Br. n. 325. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. ?i. 221.

339. A. hepaticus Batsch. Pileus 1-4 cent. (}4-i)4 in.)
broad, rufous flesh-colour when moist, when dry slightly tawny
and tan, coriaceo-membranaceous, umbilicato-convex then infundi-
buliform, sometimes undulato-lobed, even, smooth, somewhat
shining when dry ; flesh fibrous. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, very tough, equal, but in becoming
compressed it is broader and dilated at the apex, fuscous-flesh-
colour, commonly naked, rarely white-pruinate. Gills deeply de-
current, distant, remarkably connected by veins, narrow, linear,
whitish, becoming pale (not flesh-colour), sometimes crisped.

Very tough, pliant. Often in company with A. pyxidatus, to which it is
very similar, but distinct in its somewhat coriaceous nature.

On lawns, &c. Rare.

Approaching A. ^lmbell^ferus. M.J.B. Spores 5-8 x 2-4 mk. B. Name
^Trap, liver. From its liver colour. Batsch f. 211. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 182.
Hym. Eur. p. 160. Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 215. Illust. PI. 250.

158 AGARICUS.

Omphaiia. 340. A. muralis Sow. Pileus rufous-brown, somewhat mem-
branaceous, tough, convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform,
radiato-striate, smooth, margin crenulate. Stem stuffed, curt,
smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills decurrent, distant,
pallid.

Intermediate between A. hepaticus and A. umbelliferus. The figure of
Sowerby differs from Fries in the pileus being even (with dryness?), in the stem
being thicker, and in the gills becoming dingy yellow.

On turf walls, &c. Frequent. Feb.-Sept.

Pileus 8 mm. -2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad. Stem 6-12 mm. (%-K in-) long-
Name mnrus, a wall. From its habitat. Sow. t. 322. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.

160. Alonogr. i. p. 186. Berk. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 219. Ilhist. PI.
250. S. lily co I. Scot. n. 199.

341. A. umbelliferus Linn. Pileus about 12 mm. (y z in.)
broad, commonly whitish, slightly fleshy -membranaceous, convex
then plane, broadly obconic with the decurrent gills, not at all or
only slightly umbilicate, hygrophanous, when moist watery, rayed
with darker stritz, when dry even, changeable in appearance,
silky, flocculose, rarely squamulose, the margin, which is at Jirst
inflexed, crenate. Stem short, not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then soon fistulose, slightly
firm, equal or dilated towards the apex into the pileus, of the same
colour as the pileus, commonly smooth, but varying pubescent,
white villous at the base. Gills very broad behind, triangular,
decurrent, very distant, edge of the gills straight.

The floccose texture of the pileus is thicker at the disc than in the rest of the
species of this section, hence the pileus is less membranaceous, and the um-
bilicus more obsolete. The gills vary dichotomous, &c. The colour is very
changeable, commonly whitish, shining whitish when dry; in Alpine regions
and on fir trunks bright light-yellow, the pileus when dry commonly whitish (A.
chrysoleucus Pers. ) ; about shady hedges and burnt places grey, with the stem
often velvety ; on rotten trunks of beech, and in some shady places dark
umber. There is a green variety. Fl. Dan. t. 1672. f. i.

Boggy ground, rotten wood, &c. Common. April-Dec.

Cosmopolitan. The common form is to be found everywhere from the sea-
level to 4000 feet. The green form, agreeing exactly with the ' Flora Danica 1
figure (t. 1672. /. i.), has been gathered in England (B. & Br. n. 1749). I
have gathered the form which corresponds exactly with A. chrysoleucus Pers. in
lower grounds, and the golden-yellow variety only at the higher altitudes, up
to 3500 feet. Var. abiegnus (B. & Br. n. 1413) pale yellow ; on very decayed
fir-stump. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 10x4 mk. IV. P. ; green var. 10x6
ink. W.P. Name umbella; fero, to bear; umbel-bearing. With umbel-
shaped pileus. Linn. Suec. n. 1192. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 187. Hym. Eur. p.

161. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 220. Illust. PI. 271. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
200. A. niveus Fl. Dan. t. 1015. A. Hedw. fil. Obs. i. /. %.f. A. A. valgus
Holmsk. Ot. ii. /. 34.

LEUCOSPORI. 159

342. A. infumatus B. & Br. Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, green Omphaiia
then of a smoked colour, obtuse, not membranaceous. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, thin, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, yellow, dilated at
the base, tomentose, especially below. Gills decurrent, few (about
12), with smaller intermediate, broad, distant, yellow.

Allied to A. umbelliferus, but quite distinct from all its varieties.

On bark among moss. Garthewin.

Name infumo, to smoke. From its smoked colour. B. 6* Br. n. 1851.

343. A. retostus Fr. Wholly umber. Pileus 12 mm.

and more broad, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, when moist even
and when dry polished and smooth, uiargiJi convex, involute,
entire; flesh of the same colour. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent.
(i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tough, equal,
smooth, paler than the pileus. Gills slightly decurrent, equally
attenuated at both ends, broader in the middle, hence resembling
a segment of a circle, distant, distinct, pallid umber.

In colour it approaches A. oniscus, but in the very distant gills it is more
allied to A. umbelliferus, from which it is easily distinguished by the gills
being in the form of a segment. Moreover, it clearly differs from the umber
form of that species in being even when moist and polished and smooth when
dry. It is also firmer.

On lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.

Name retostus, roasted. From its scorched appearance. Fr. j\lonogr. i.
p. 187. Hym. Eur. p. 161. Icon. t. 76. f. 2. the two lower fig. B. fir 1 Br.
n. 1750. C. lllust. PL 272. b.

344. A. abhorrens B. . Br. Pileus fuscous, umbilicate, even.
Stem slender, of the same colour as the pileus, white-tomentose
at the base. Gills decurrent, distant, thick, interstices even.

Odour very foetid, stercoraceous. Csespitose. Allied closely to A. retostus,
but clearly distinct, apart from its disgusting smell. Stem sometimes pruinose
when young.

On lawn. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.

Name abhorreo, to abhor. Of its disgusting smell. B. & Br. n. 1751,
1853. C. lllust. PI. 272. c.

345. A. pseudo-androsaceus Bull. Whitish or grey. Pileus
fleshy-membranaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, at length in-

fundibuliform, smooth, striato-plicate, margin crenulate. Stem
stuffed, slender. Gills deeply decurrent, in the form of a segment,
distant, distinct.

Distinguished from A. griseo-pallidus by its slender stature.

l6o AGARICUS.

Omphaiia. Among moss on lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.-Nov.

Pileus 8-15 mm. broad. Stem 2-3 cent. long. Spores 6-7x3-4 mk. B.
Name >//ev66s, false. Like spurious Marasmius androsaceus. Bull. t. 276.
Hym. Eur. p. 161. B. & Br. n. 1752. C. Illust. PI. 241.

346. A. griseo-pallidus Desm. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)
rarely more broad, fuscous-grey then becoming hoary, slightly
fleshy, convex then plane, umbilicate, even, smooth, slightly
shining, but hygrophanous, here and there unequal and excentric;
margin defiexed, but scarcely inflexed. Stem curt, about 8 mm.
(4 lin.) long, stuffed, fistulose only when old, slightly firm, equal
or thickened upwards, smooth, fuscous. Gills decurrent, broader
behind, distant, rather thick, of the same colour as the pileuswhen
moist, darker when dry inasmuch as they do not become pale.

Readily recognised by its minuteness. It is like a diminutive state of A.
umbelliferus, and is analogous with A. rusticus. As regards the gills it is
intermediate between A. retostus and A. umbelliferus.

On the ground. King's Lynn.

Name griseus, grey ; pallid-us, pallid. Desmaz. Exs. n. 120. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 161. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 28. /. 3. C. Illust. PL
241.

347. A. stellatus Fr. Wholly white. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4
lin.) broad, truly membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, diaphanous-
striate, smooth. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, stuffed, at
length fistulose, fragile, filiform, equal, the dilated base strigoso-
radiate. Gills decurrent, very distant, distinct, thin, broad, not
triangular.

From situation the stem is often incurved. It is dilated at the base as in
Mycence Basipedes. Thinner than A. griseo-pallidus, &c. Nearest to A.
integrellus, but distinct in its broader gills, &c.

On sticks, stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Uncommon. Feb.-
Nov.

Distinguished by its thin gills from every state of A. umbelliferus. M.J.B.
Spores subsphaeroid. irregular, 6-7 x 5 mk. K. ; 7-8 x 2 mk. B. Name stella,
a star. From the star-like or radiate base. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 188. Hym.
Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 222. Illust. PI. 241. S.
My col. Scot. n. 201.

II. MYCENARII.
* Campanellas. Gills broad, perfect, unequal.

348. A. campanella Batsch. Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.)
broad, yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceous, tough,
campanulate then soon convex, umbilicate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2

LEUCOSPORI. l6l

in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, horny > rigid, fistulose,
smooth, date-brown, attenuated and rooted, tawny-strigose at the
base, paler at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, some-
what crowded, remarkably connected by veins, yellow r , not pruinose,
varying veined.

Growing in a dense band, commonly caespitose, and gladdening the recesses
of the woods with its shining colours. There are two remarkable varieties,
gregarious on the ground : B. badipus, the longer stem stuffed, somewhat
ribrillose, with a small villous-strigose tawny bulb at the base ; C. papillata,
pileus acutely conical, papillate, at length depressed round the papilla. A
more remarkable variety is myriadea Kalchbr. in litt., half the size of the
common form, very densely caespitose, covering over the trunks o/ pine like a
dense fleece, pale tawny, with pallid brick-flesh-coloured gills.

In fir woods, on trunks, c. Frequent. Aug.-Sept.

The dark stem and tawny pubescence at the base readily distinguish the
species. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8x3-4 mk. C.B.P. ,-7x3 mk. W.P. ;
6-9 x 3-4 mk. B. Name campana, a bell. Diminutive. Shaped like a little
bell. Batsch. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 133.
C. Hbk. n. 223. Illust. PL 273. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 202. Sow. t. 163.
Schczff. t. 230. Var. badipus C. Illust. PL 273.

349. A. pictus Fr. Pileus about 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.), but higher
than broad, fuscous, the umbilicate disc commonly light yellow,
the perpendicular sides darkly striate, the margin, which is entire,
paler, membranaceous, cauipanulato-liood- shaped, almost oval.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost filiform, horny, rigid,
stuffed, tense and straight, smooth, date-brown, inserted at tJie
base, which is in tJie form of a little fuscous-tawny, radiating
membrane^ slightly thickened and paler at the apex. Gills adnate,
somewhat decurrent, very broad on account of the singular form
of the pileus, higher than broad, distinct, distant, somewhat
convex, whitish, turning light yellow.

Among the most distinct species. The gills are much broader than long.
Varying like A. campanella : B. smaller, the obsolete umbilicus of the same
colour, stem thinner and without the radical membrane. Batsch f. 86. C.
pileus conical, papillate. Compare A. phiala FL Dan. t. 1730.

In mixed wood. Killin, 1876, c. Sept.

Name pingo, to paint, adorn. From the various colours. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 163. Icon. t. 77. /. 4. B. 6-= Br. n. 1647. . Mycol.
Scot. n. 203. C. Illust. PL 273.

350. A. camptophyllus Berk. Pileus 12 mm. ( l /> in.) broad,
brown with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate, smooth,
dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or more long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
minutely fistulose, somewhat flexuous, somewhat rigid, minutely
pubescent, radiato-strigose at the base, at first yellow, when full

L

1 62 AGARICUS.

Omphalia. grown pale above, pale rufescent below. Gills at first adnate,
nearly plane, then ascending and suddenly decurrent, rather
distant, white.

Solitary or only subgregarious. There is no absolute depression, but only
a flattening of the centre of the pileus.

On sticks, c. Rare. Aug.-Oct.

Name Kd^nr<a, to bend or curve ; $v\\ov, a leaf. With bent gills ; elbow-
gilled. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 62. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 224. Illust. PL
210. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 163.

351. A. umbratilis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, shining
black-fuscous ; hoary when dry, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely
campanulate, then convex and umbilicate> smooth, margin some-
what striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
tough, tubular but flocculoso-stuffed internally, equal, even, smooth,
fuscous - dead black. Gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, crowded,

broad, acute at both ends, becoming fuscous-white.

Gregarious, tough, hygrophanous. In colours and external appearance it
approaches A. retostus, but is easily distinguished by the crowded gills and
other marks. It may rather be confounded with A. ambustus and A. atratus,
which however are removed from it by the characters of Collybia. It is larger
than those nearest to it and remarkably distinct.

On the ground among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn.

Spores 6-7 x 4-5 mk. B. Name umbratilis, remaining in shade. Perhaps
in reference to colour, as Fries compares it with A. ambustus, A. atratus,
and A. retostus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Icon. t. 77. f.
3. C. Illust. PL 274.

352. A. griseus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, livid-grey
then hoary, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, campanu-
late then convex, somewhat papillate and at length slightly um-
bilicate, not however expanded, smooth, striate. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly firm, cartilaginous, soon
fistulose, slightly thickened at the apex, round, tense and straight,
even, smooth, whitish-cinereous, longitudinally brittle, not rooting.
Gills shortly decurrent, distant, broad, rather thick, whitish-grey.

Between Mycena and Omphalia. It has an analogy as regards stature with
A. campanella, and in both the pileus varies umbilicate or papillate. On
account of the gills, however, which are truly though slightly decurrent, it
must be referred to Omphalia. It is allied to Cautharellus replexus.

In pine wood. Rare. Sept.

Name griseus, grey. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Icon. t.
78.7. i. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 225. Illust. PL 210. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 204.

LEUCOSPORI. 163

353. A. fibula Bull. Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, normally Omphalia,
orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, mem-
branaceous, hood-shaped then expanded, commonly umbilicate

and at length wholly infundibuliform, smooth, striate when moist,
even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed
when young, then fistulose, bristle-like, weak, smooth, but often
pubescent under a lens, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills
deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, whitish.

Very delicate but tough. The stem is sometimes firmer, tense and straight.
The pileus is sometimes conical and papillate. The colour varies, becoming
fuscous and wholly white. Mich. Gen. t. 73. f. 6. In alpine regions it is
sometimes firmer (Fl. Dan. t. 1071. f. 2).

In mossy ground. Common. Aug.-May.

Fries notes that it is found plentifully in burnt places. Spores 3x2 mk.
W.G.S.; 4-5x2 mk. B. Name -fibula, a pin. From its shape. Bull. t.
186, 550. f. i. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Berk. Out. p. 133.
C. Hbk. n. 227. Illitst. PI. 274. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 205. Sow. t. 45. Quel.

t.^.f.5-

* A. Swartzii Fr. is a singular variation of A. fibula. Firmer ;
pileus at length rather plane, whitish, disc fuscous ; stem whitish,
somewhat violaceous at the apex.

It is remarkable, and in its own localities (groves abounding in springs) a
constant form. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 164. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 205. C. Illust. PI. 274. c.

354. A. directus B. & Br. White; very slender. Pileus nail-
shaped, plane at the apex. Stem not 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thread-
like, slightly rufous, ascending, clothed with long hairs towards
the base. Grills deeply decurrent.

On dead leaves. Chiselhurst, 1865, c. May-Nov.

Name directus, straight. Straight -stemmed. B. & Br. n. 1931. C.
Illust. PL 21. a.

355. A. Belliae Johnst. Pileus 12 mm. (K in-) broad, of a pale
wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted, deeply cyathiform,
smooth, \vaved and furrowed at the edge. Stem 4 cent. (i> i n -)
long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, erect, stiff and elastic,
smooth, pale above, brownish below. Gills decurrent, 2 mm. (i
lin.) broad, rather distant, thick, more or less undulated, wrinkled
on the sides and in the interstices with flexuous veins, once or
twice divided near the edge, of a dull chalky white.

Pileus becoming paler when dry. Stem white or very pale wood-brown
above, towards the base of a dirty dark brown, becoming paler when dry, then
apparently mealy ; root slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony
web. Spores oblong, colourless, pellucid.

164 AGARICUS.

Omphaiia. On dead stems of reed. Berwickshire. Oct.

Name after Miss Bell. Johnst. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. i. Vol. vi. t.
10. f. i. Out. p. 134. C. Hbk. n. 229. II lust. PL 251. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
165.

356. A. gracillimus Weinm. Snow-white. Pileus 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, sometimes papil-
late, sometimes umbilicate, but never inverted, flocculose then
becoming smooth, silicate at the sides. Stem 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.)
long, delicately fistulose, bristle-like, soft, inserted by a floccose
base. Gills decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, the alternate ones
dimidiate.

It resembles smaller forms of A. fibula, but is always thinner, less tough,
withering, wholly shining white, and somewhat .Jloccalose "when young. In
many particulars it agrees with A. stellatus, but is thinner, and is certainly
distinct in the form of the pileus, which is at first floccose, and in the thin gills.

In marshy ground on decaying stems. Rare. Aug.

Spores 6-7x3 mk. B. Name gracilis, slender. Very slender. Weinm.
Ross. p. 121. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t. 75. f. q.
B. 6-= Br. n. 1112. C. Hbk. n. 228. Illust. PL 252. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 207.

357. A. bullula Brig. Wholly shining white. Pileus mem-
branaceous, hemispherical, diaphanous. Stem very thin, filiform.
Gills far apart, arcuato-decurrent.

Very small. Scattered.

On dead sticks. Coed Coch.

Name bidlula, a watery vesicle. From its diaphanous appearance. Brig,
t. xvi./. i. B. &= Br. n. 1753. C. Illust. PL 252. b.

** INTEGRELLI. Gills fold-like, narrow.

358. A. integrellus Pers. Wholly white. Pileus 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, conical when young, soon
hemispherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, when flattened
12 mm. (% in.) broad and depressed at the disc, striate at the
margin. Stem as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, delicately fistu-
lose, thin but slightly firm, pilose downwards and adnate often
with a small villous bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, narrow,
in the form of folds, distant, commonly disappearing short of the
margin of the pileus, equal or branched, acute at the edge.

The stem is incurved when growing on wood. The gills are equal or
branched as in Cantharelli, but with an acute edge. Small, commonly fas-
ciculate (especially on wood), fragile, changeable in form.

In shady places, on decayed sticks, c. Uncommon. Oct.-
Nov.

LEUCOSPORI.

Spores 6-7 x 4 mk. B. Name integer, whole. Minute but perfect. Pers. Omphalia.
Ic. 6-* descr. t. 13. f. 5. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t.
7$.f. 6. Berk. Out. i>. 134. C. Hbk. n. 230. Illust. PI. 252. .S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 208.

A. buccinalis Sow. /. 107. An uncertain species. Fries (Hym.
Eur. p. 162) says it approaches A. stellatus chiefly in the stellate
base, but from the slightly fleshy pileus it is perhaps a young
form of A. umbelliferus. Berkeley (B. &* Br. n. 1930*) says,
" This is certainly no form of A. umbelliferus ; and it is too
fleshy to be the same as A. stellatus. It is, as Sowerby says, not
uncommon. It has the habit of A. ptychophyllus Cd., a species
not noticed by Fries; but the gills are not plicate." C. Illust.
PL 272. a.

Submenus IX. PLEUROTUS (irXevptv, a side ; ovs, an ear). Fr. pieurotus.
Syst. Myc. i. p. 178. Stem excentric, lateral, or none. Epiphytal
(very rarely growing on the ground},
irregular, fleshy or membranaceous.

The Pleuroti are very easily dis-
tinguished from the subgenera with
cartilaginous stems (VI. -VIII.); but
from the other subgenera, which
have the hymenophore continuous
with the stem (III.-V.), they are only
distinguished by their place of growth
being on wood. For many Pleuroti
of the first section when growing ver-
tically e.g., A. corticatus, ulmarius,
spodoleucus have the stem central
and the pileus regular and horizon-
tal. On the contrary, various species
of Clitocybae and Omphalias in a
slanting situation, especially on the

sides of roads, vary in form and become excentric and oblique.
Among the Lactarii, Cantharelli, Marasmii, and all the last gen-
era of the Agaricini, there are also forms analogous to the Pleuroti.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 166.

The species are very polymorphous. Usually late in the year
(but A. ostreatus also occurs in spring). Most are mild, and
some e.g., A. ulmarius, tessulatus, ostreatus are edible.

I. Excentrici. Pileus entire, laterally extended, excentric, so that here and
there it appears lateral ; but more attentively observed there is noticed even

A gari c s (Pieurotus}
One-sixth natural size.

1 66 AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. on the mutilated side a thin margin whereby forms of this sort differ from
truly dimidiate species.

* Veil forming a ring. Lepiotarii.

** Veil none, gills simiate or obtusely adnate.

*** Veil none ; gills deeply decurrent ; stem distinct, somervhat vertical.
**** Veil none ; gills deeply decurrent ; pileus (seemingly) lateral, sessile
or extended behind into a short, oblique, stem-like base.

II. Dimidiatae. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not at the
first resupinate.

III. Resupinati. Pileus at the first resupinate, with the gills meeting in an
excentric point, then reflexed, sessile.

* Pileus fleshy, uniform.

** Pileus fleshy, striate, with an upper gelatinous stratum or viscous
pellicle.

*** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

I. EXCENTRICI.

* Veil forming a ring.

359. A. corticatus Fr. Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad, grey
then whitish, very compact, convex then flattened, somewhat disc-
shaped, horizontal, always entire, although excentric, when young
everywhere covered with dense grey down, which separates into
floccose scales on the whitish pileus when it is more flattened,
margin when young closely involute; flesh hard, shining white.
Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout,
solid, hard, rooted, more or less excentric, curved-ascending, some-
what equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, white. Ring silky-floccose,
moderately thick, white, ruptured in a torn manner, adhering
alike to the stem and the margin of the pileus, at length vanish-
ing. Gills deeply decurrent, anastomosing behind, also dichoto-
mously branched, somewhat distant, distinct, white, or becoming
yellow when old.

Very compact and hard. Commonly solitary, sometimes caespitose. The
down with which the pileus is covered corresponds with the universal veil of
the Lepiotce. The flesh is not so thick as that of A. dryinus. The gills anas-
tomose behind like those of A. ostreatus, and vary in breadth according to
stature.

On decayed ash, elm, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Smell rather strong. Perhaps too closely allied to A. dryinus. B. & Br.
Spores 14x6 mk. W. G.S. ; 12-14 x 4 mk. & Name cortex, bark. From its
thick covering. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 236. Hym. Eur. p. 166. B. &= Br. n.
995 (not Saund. Sm.) C. Hbk. n. 109. Illust. PL 290. .S. MycoL Scot.
n. 209.

360. A. dryinus Pers. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish,
variegated with spot-like scales which become fuscous, lateral, ob-

LEUCOSPORI. 167

lique, rather plane ; flesh thick. Stem very curt and obese, com- Pleurotus.

monly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, somewhat lateral, somewhat

woody, squamulose, white, with a short, blunt root. Veil scarcely

conspicuous on the stem, but appendiculate round the margin of

the pileus when young. Gills not very decurrent, somewat simple,

not anastomosing behind, narrow, white, becoming yellow when

old.

The veil is almost that of A. corticatus. The flesh is the same but thicker,
and not so much thinned out towards the margin. The gills are narrower
and less distant, but both agree in the gills becoming yellow when old. In
reality it is allied to A. corticatus, but the stem is definitely lateral ; other-
wise smaller, harder and more brawny.

On trunks, oak, ash, willow, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Pileus 18 mm. -7. 5 cent. (K~3 in.) broad, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) high (in my specimens elongated from growing in a hollow ash), atten-
uated downwards. The plant assumes partially a yellowish tint when dry or
cut. M.J.B. I have seen the plant growing in a hollow ash with the features
exactly as described by Berkeley. Spores 3x4 mk. \V. G.S. Name SpO?,
oak. From its most frequent habitat. Pers. Syn. p. 478. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
237. Hym. Eur. p. 167. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 70. Out. p. 134. C. Hbk.
n. no. Illust. PI. 226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 210. Hussey ii. /. 29,33. Vent,
t. 44. f. i, 2. A. dimidiatus Schaff. t. 233.

361. A. spongiosus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
tomentose with persistent cinereous down, fleshy, excentric, some-
what lateral, pulvinate ; flesh laxly floccose, white. Stem very
short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, or sometimes almost none,
incurved, not rooted, very excentric, white, tomentose. Ring
white, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, at
length quite vanishing. Gills sinuato-adnexed, with a decurrent
tooth, simple, separate, but crowded, quite entire, white.

The flesh is soon pierced by insects like that of A. ostreatus. The gills
vary in breadth with the age of the plant. It seems to be widely removed
from A. dryinus, &c., in the substance being fleshy -spongy like that of A. ostre-
atus, but still softer, as well as in the gills being sinuato-adnexed, but the veil is
quite the same. A very remarkable species.

On rotten beech and mossy stumps. Rare. Oct-Nov.

The gills become beautifully yellow when old and dried. At a little distance
it has exactly the appearance of Polyporus betulinus. Fries notes that it grows
among mosSjOn living beech trunks. Spores 11x4 mk. W.G.S. Name
spongia, a sponge. From its texture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 237. Hym. Eur. p.
167. B. & Br. n. 1218. C. Hbk. n. in. Illust. PL 253. S. Mycol. Scot.
Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885. p. 21.

** Veil none, gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.

362. A. ulmarius Bull. Pileus 7-5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and more
broad, becoming pale-livid, often marbled with round spots, fleshy,

1 68 AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. compact, horizontal, moderately regular although more or less
excentric, convex then plane, disc-shaped, even, smooth ; flesh
white, tough. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.)
thick, solid, firm, elastic, somewhat excentric, curved-ascending,
thickened and tomentose at the base, not rarely villous throughout,
white. Gills horizontal, emarginate or rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, broad (broader in the middle), somewhat crowded,
whitish.

The pileus is sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner. Among the larger
and more robust species, with a slightly acid odour which is not unpleasant.
Commonly solitary. Pileus ochrey white, Price f. 83. B. Vertical, with a
central stem.

On trunks, especially elm. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec.

Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Edible, but so uncommon as to be of little value.
Name ^^lmus, elm. Bull. t. 510. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p.
167. Berk. Out. p. 134. B. & Br. n. 1853*. C. Hbk. n. 112. Illust. PI.
227. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 211. Sow. t. 67. Vittad. Mang. t. 23. Fr. dtl.
Svamp. t. 37.

363. A. tessulatus Bull. Pileus becoming pale-tawny, horizon-
tal, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, and in a form which is
somewhat lateral depressed behind, irregular, even, smooth, varie-
gated with round and hexagonal paler spots; flesh thick, white.
Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, solid, compact,
equal or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-ascending,
even, smooth, white. Gills sinuate behind, uncinato-adnate, thin,
crowded, white or becoming yellow.

Solitary ; according to some caespitose. The pileus is not cracked in a
tesselated manner, as one might easily imagine from the name, but variegated
with spots. Smaller than A. ulmarius (to which it is too closely allied), but
almost more compact, with a smell of new meal.

On trunks. Coed Coch, c.

Name tessela, a small cube for pavement. From the tesselated markings
on the pileus. Bull. t. 513. f. r. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 168.
B. dr= Br. n. 1853*. C. Illust. PL 254. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. n. 65. t. 23. /. 4.

364. A. subpalmatus Fr. Wholly more or less rufescent-
Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, but in no wise compact,
convex then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and glued together,
horizontal, more or less excentric, smooth, but clothed with a
thick, gelatinous-tough, closely adnate pellicle, which distils limpid
rufescent drops with an astringent taste ; towards the margin,
which is at first involute, the pellicle is reticulato-corrugated.
Stems 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, numerous,
solid, but fibrous-soft, and at length also hollow, equal, curved-

LEUCOSPORI. 169

ascending, smooth, but " fibrilloso-striate," variegated with white Pleurotus.
and flesh-colour. Gills rounded behind, joined in a collar, not
adnate to the stem itself, broad, crowded, rufescent, paler than
the pileus.

Caespitose. A very remarkable species, with the flesh variegated like that
of Fistulina.

On squared timber, trunks, c. Rare. Oct.-Nov.

Pileus of a beautiful pale orange-buff or nankeen colour, pruinose ; margin
beautifully reticulated like the hymenium of a Mcruliiis. ^[.J.B. Spores
4x6 mk. W. G.S. ; spherical, finely granular, 7 mk. Q. Name sub, and
palma, palm. Somewhat palmate. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p.
168. Berk. Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 113. Elitist. PL 255. A. palmatus
Sow. t. 62, not Bull. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 73.

365. A. craspedius Fr. Pileus as much as 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5
in.) broad, brick-colour, more or less excentric, sometimes some-
what lateral, but marginate behind, fleshy, thin and at length
almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid, plane, de-
pressed behind when very excentric, even, smooth, somewhat
moist, but without a separable pellicle j margin at first involute,
then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed and fimbriate ; flesh thin,
watery, white when dry. Stem in some 2.5 cent, (i in.), in others
as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long and then twisted or compressed,
1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) thick, solid, firm, elastic, internally spongy,
very unequal, sometimes thickened at the base, sometimes equal,
pallid, commonly smooth or slightly villous at the base. Gills
ic holly adnate, not sinuate, obtuse behind, very thin, crowded and
narrow, at length lacerated, shining white.

With autumn rain the pileus becomes pale-tan, sometimes cinereous.
Csespitose. It connects in a remarkable manner species which are otherwise
very different, on the one hand A. ulmarius and A. palmatus, and on the
other A.fimbriatus and A. li^ua tills; it has the robust stem and habit of the
former, but the thin pileus and very narrow very crowded gills of the latter.

On trunks and rotten wood. Ratton, Eastbourne, 1852. Sept.

Var. Pileus pale fawn-colour, regularly and broadly furrowed, concave
when full grown, the centre covered with radiating adpressed tomentum ; stem
pale buff, very stout, thick, solid and excentric, curving upwards and covered
with velvet-like pubescence ; gills pale pinkish-white or cream-coloured ; flesh
white. Much eaten by slugs. IV. G.S. Name crassus, thick; pes, a foot.
Thick-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 241. Hvm. Eur. p. 169. Icon. t. 86. f.
2. B. &> Br. n. 1219. C. Hbk. n. 114. Ilhist. PI. 256. Var. Saund & Sat.
t. 7.

366. A. fimbriatus Bolt. Pileus hyaline, whitish, hygrophan-
ous, slightly fleshy, con vexo -plane when young, at length infundi-
buliform, more or less excentric, occasionally lateral, margin very
simiato-lobed and incised, the surface when full grown even and

1 70 AGARICUS.

Pieurotus. smooth ; flesh thin, tough, watery-pallid. Stem very short, about
12 mm. (y z in.) long, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then hol-
low, somewhat equal, round or compressed, tough, even, pubes-
cent at the base. Gills wholly adnate, horizontal, at length
ascending and divergent in the lobes of the reflexed pileus, very
narrow, very thin, very crowded, white.

Very polymorphous, gregarious, somewhat caespitose. A remarkable species ;
from its most manifest affinity with A. lignatilis, it may readily be believed
that the pileus is at first pruinose. Odour of new meal, obsolete.

On dead trunks. Rare. Aug.-Jan.

Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. In the figure of Bolton the pileus is
more crisped-fimbriate than in the specimens of Fries. Esculent, but so rare
that it is valueless. Namefimbricz, fringe. "Withfringed margin. Bolt. t.
61. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 242. Hym. Eur. p. 169. Berk. Out. p. 135. B. 6*
Br. n. 672*. C Hbk. n. 115. Illust. PI. 178. Sterb. t. 15. B.

367. A. Ruthss B. & Br. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, whit-
ish, fan-shaped, slightly hispid above the gelatinous stratum, the
very thin margin striate. Stem short, lateral, hispid. Gills
white, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing, with a reddish
tinge like that of the stem, interstices veined.

The pileus is of a dirty white, with a hyaline aspect. Mycelium fibrous.

On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.
Name after Miss Ruth Berkeley. B. & Br. n. 1754. C. Illust. PL 178. 2.

368. A. lignatilis Fr. Dingy whitish. Pileus 2.5 to 7.5-
10 cent, (i to 3-4 in.) broad, rarely central, commonly more
or less excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often re n [form,
fleshy, thin, but compact and tough, fissile, convex then plane,
obtuse and often \\m\y\\\z'&\.?.,flocciiloso-pruinate, at length denud-
ed with rain, repand, margin at first involute then expanded, un-
dulato-lobed when luxuriant. Stem sometimes 5-7.5 cent. (2-3
in.) sometimes 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) long (even obliterated), stuffed
then hollow, always thin, unequal, curved or flexuous, tough and
flexile, whitish, everywhere pruinato-villous, rooting and some-
what tomentose at the base. Gills adnate, very crowded and
narrow, unequal, divergent in the lobes, shining white.

Exceedingly variable, wholly inconstant in form ; substance thin and pliant ;
commonly densely csespitose, but also single. Odour strong of new meal.
Of its many forms one is conspicuous : var. tephrocephalus, pileus more compact,
disc black, then cinereous, margin white.

On wood, beech, &c. Burnham Beeches, 1863, &c.

Parasitic on a rotten plant of Polyporus annosus on elm. W.G.S. Spores
subsphseroid, 4-5 mk. K. ; 3X4mk. W.G.S. Name ligmim, wood. Grow-

LEUCOSPORI. 171.

ing on wood. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 243. Hym. Eur. p. 169. B. 6 s Br. n. 996. Pleurotus.
C. Hbk. n. 116. Illust. PI. 257. a. S. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot. Nat. 1885,
p. 22. Saund. 6" Sm. t. 6.f. 2. Fl. Dan. t. 1797. Ag. Marklini Trait.
Austr. t. 28.

369. A. circinatus Fr. Wholly 'white, not hygrophanous.
Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orbicular, horizontal, fleshy,
tough, convex then plano-disc-shaped, obtuse, even, but covered
over with a shining 'whitish slightly silky lustre. Stem 2.5-5
cent. (1-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, elastic, equal,
central or slightly excentric, commonly straight, smooth, bluntly-
rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded,
broad (as much as 6 mm.; 3 lin.), white.

An exceedingly distinct species. Regiilar, solitary, with a weak, pleasant,
not mealy odour. The pileus is a little thicker than that of A. lignatilis, but
less compact ; the gills are twice as broad. As A. lignatilis is changeable,
this is always constant in form.

On rotting birch stump. Rare. Oct.

Name circino, to make round with compasses. From its very regular or-
bicular shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 244. Hym. Eur. p. 170. Icon. t. 88. f. i.
B. & Br. n. 1220. C. Hbk. n. 117. Illust. PL 257. b.

*** Veil none; gills deeply decurrent ; stem distinct, &><;.

370. A. pantoleucus Fr. Wholly white. Pileus as much as
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, excentric,
dimidiate, spathulate and slightly convex, even, smooth, some-
what depressed and marginate behind ; margin equal, entire.
Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) and
more thick, solid, ascending, very excentric, equal or attenuated
downwards, not rooted, even, smooth. Gills decurrent, somewhat
crowded, simple, separate at the base.

The disc of the pileus is often opaque. Solitary, firm. There is a smaller
form with the pileus more regular and somewhat umbilicate.

On trunks, willow, &c. Coed Coch, iSSi. Oct.

Spores 8-10x3-4 mk. W.P. Name na-;, all; Aei-Ko?, white. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 172. Icon. t. 88. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1932. C. Illust. PL 179, 275.
A. spodoleucus albus Fr. Monogr. i. /. 246, 473.

371. A. mutilus Fr. Wholly white. Pileus very excentric or
wholly lateral, slightly fleshy, soft, tough, reniform, spathulate, &c.,
depressed behind, somewhat umbilicate, otherwise ascending,
silky when dry, becoming smooth. Stem 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and
more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, erect or ascending, excentric
or somewhat lateral, rotind, solid, tough, smooth except at the

I7 2 AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. villous base. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, rather
thick, simple.

Exceedingly changeable in form, but most distinct from the rest, thin, for
the most part springing from an effused flaxy mycelium which is of the same
colour.

On grassy open hillside. Penzance, 1869, &c. Aug.-Dec.

Name mutilus, maimed. Perhaps from its variety of form. Fr. Monogr.
i. /. 247. Hym. Ezir. p. 173. Icon. t. 88. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1221, 1647. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 212. C. Illust. PL 275. Omphalomyces mutilus Batt. t. ix. f. e.

**** Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; pileus sessile, &>c.

372. A. ostreatus Jacq. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
when young almost becoming black, soon becoming pale, fuscous-
cinereous, passing into yellow when old, fleshy, soft, conchate,
somewhat dimidiate, ascending, smooth, moist, even, but some-
times with the cuticle torn into squamules. Stem shortened or
obliterated, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely, thickening upwards,
white, strigoso-villous at the base. Gills decurrent, anastomosing
behind, somewhat dista7it, broad, white, sometimes turning light
yellow, and with out glandules.

For the most part csespitose, imbricated, very variable, sometimes almost
central. The pileus is at first convex and horizontal, then expanded and
ascending. In the anastomosing gills it agrees with A. corticatus and A.glan-
dulosus, and differs from all neighbouring species. There are numerous varie-
ties : ftavo virens Brig. t. 44. f. 1-3, melanodon Brig. t. 45. f. 1-3. Inzenga t. 4.
f. 2, small, single, pileus black. There is another more remarkable form with
the stem distinct and the pileus horizontal. FL Dan. t. 891. Vivian, t. 42.

On trees, especially laburnum. Frequent. Autumn-Spring.

Berkeley notes having seen the species with glandular gills. He also de-
scribes the gills as serrated and umber at the edge. Badham describes the
gills as " standing out sharp and erect like the fine flu tings of a column,- wind-
ing down the stalk to different lengths, and those that reach the bottom form-
ing there a beautiful raised meshwork highly characteristic." Known as the
Oyster fungus, but this is from its shape, not its taste. Long celebrated for
its esculent qualities. Clus. Esc. gen. vi. It must be carefully distinguished
from A. euosmus which is unsafe. Remarkable for enduring cold. Spores
8x4 mk. W.G.S. Name ostrea, oyster. From its shape. Jacq. Azistr.
t. 288. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 245. Hym. Eiir. p. 173. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 46.
Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 71. Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 118. Illust. PL 195. 5.
Mycol. Scot. n. 213. Sow. t. 241. Hussey ii. t. 19. Badh. i. t. 2. ii. /. 10.
Vittad. Mang. t. 4. Krombh. t. 41. Ve?itur. t. 17. Brig. t. 43. f. i, 2. A.
dimidiatus Bull. t. 508.

373. A. euosmus Berk. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at first
white, invested with a light blue varnish, at length of a light
brown, depressed, shining and satiny when dry. Stems short or
obsolete, confluent. Gills very decurrent, rather broad, ventricose,
dingy white.

LEUCOSPORI. 173

Imbricated, strong-scented. Pilei very much crowded. Stem distinct above, Pleurotus.
connate below. Gills running down to the bottom of the free portion of the
stem. Spores oblong, narrow, oblique, whitish, tinged with pink. Somewhat
resembling A. ostreatus, but distinguished by its peculiar scent like that of
tarragon, and by its pale lilac spores. Not esculent.

On elm posts and stumps. Uncommon. Spring-Autumn.

On the authority of Berkeley, who still regards it as a good species, belong-
ing to Leucospori (as exceptional) notwithstanding the tinge of colour in the
spores, I retain it here. Name evocr/io?, sweet-smelling. Berk. Out. p. 135.

B. & Br. n. 326. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 214. Hussey i. t. 75. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 174. A. (Claudopus) euosmus C. Hbk. n. 271. A. ostreatus var. euosmus

C. II lust. PI. 196.

374. A. revolutus Kickx. Pileus at first smoky then lead and
mouse colours, darker in the centre, fleshy, firm, elastic, convexo-
plane, smooth, slightly shining, depressed behind, margin in-
curved. Stem curt, thick, smooth or pubescent. Gills decurrent,
distinct, serrulated, white.

Solitary, or a few joined together. It seems too closely allied to A. saligmis.
On trunks, poplar, &c. Penzance.

It is clearly the same with A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. t. 4, f. 2. The stem
is short, but distinct and swollen. B. &= Br. Fries regarded A. corticatus
Saund. & Sm. as a remarkable variety of A. salignus, an opinion which must
give place to that of Berkeley. Name revolutus, unrolled. From the un-
rolling of the involute margin. Kickx. p. 158. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 174. B.
6^ Br. n. 1933. C. Illust. PL 180. A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. t. 4. f. 2.

375. A. salignus Abb. d. Schw. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
broad, fuliginous-cinereous or ochraceous, fleshy, compact, spojigy,
somewhat dimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, at length
depressed behind and here and there strigose, the incurved mar-
gin entire. Stem always short, firm, more or less tomentose.
Gills horizontal, hence less manifestly decurrent, separate behind,
but branched in the middle, crowded, dingy, often eroded at the
edge, not glandular.

Among the larger and firmer species. Solitary, scarcely ever caespitose. It
is commonly confounded with A. ostreatus, but is certainly a different species.
Although the stature is in general the same, it is easily distinguished by the
pileus being compact, and more pulvinate when young, then depressed, by the
gills being thinner, more crowded, somewhat branched, but not anastomosing
behind, and dingy-fuliginous ; the spores also are dingy.

On trunks, willow, alder, c. Uncommon. Sept.-Jan.

Spores oblong or cylindrical-oblong, 14-15 mk. K.; 8x4ink. W.G.S. ;
8-10 x 3-4 mk. B. Name salix, willow. Abbild. d. Schwdm.fasc. 3. Fr.
Monogr. i. /. 246. Hym. Eur. p. 174. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 119.
Illust. PL 228. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 215. Letell. t. 687. Tratt. Austr. t. 8.

376. A. acerinus Fr. Shining white. Pileus 2.5-10 cent, (i-

AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. 4 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, unequal, silky-villous, not hygrophanous.
Stem somewhat lateral, thin or obsolete, villous. Gills decurrent,
very crowded, thin, white, then becoming yellow.

Tough. Allied to A. lignatilis.

On plane and ash. Walthamstow, c.

Name acer, maple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 175. B. & Br. n. 2000. C. Illust.
PL 291.

II. DlMIDIATI.

377. A. petaloides Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, /?/.?-
cous, becoming pale, dimidiate, fleshy, but in no wise compact,

rather plane, somewhat spathulate, con-
tinuous with the stem and depressed
behind, hence the villous down of the
stem ascends to this point (the disc)
of the pileus, otherwise smooth, even,
margin at first involute, then expanded.
Stem about 12 mm. (^ in.) long, some-
times however very short, solid, firm,
compressed, channelled when larger,
more or less villous, whitish. Gills
decurrent, very crowded, very narrow
(scarcely beyond 2 mm. broad), linear,
very unequal, white then cinereous.

XI. Agaricus {Pleurotus) mitis.
Natural size. Section three
times natural size.

Taste bitter. The form on wood is some-
what horizontal, gregarious, here and there
imbricated. B. spathulatus Pers. Obs. i. t.
4. /. i, erect, growing on the ground. The
stem is channelled especially in the variety.

It varies much even in colour ; the forms growing on the ground, which are
somewhat vertical with the margin reflexed, are especially remarkable, and
smaller specimens almost pass into A. tremulus. In one most remarkable
form the pileus is red : Lere in Pers. M. E. 3. t, 25. f. 6.

On stumps and on the ground. Rare.

Spores 8x4 mk. IV. G.S. Name from fancied resemblance in shape to the
petal of a flower. Bull. t. 226, 557. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 248. Hym. Eur.
p. 175. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 120. Illust. PL 258. a. Ventur. /.
44- / 5. 6.

378. A. pulrnonarius Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
cinereous, continuous with the stem, fleshy, soft, but tough,_/7rt^zV/,
obovate or reniform, plane or reflexo-conchate at the margin, even,
smooth; flesh thin, soft, white. Stem very short, solid, exactly
lateral, horizontal or ascending, round, villous, expanded into the
pileus. Gills decurrent but ending deter minately, moderately

LEUCOSPORI. 175

broad, distinct, not branched or anastomosing at the base, livid or Pieuroms.
cinereous.

The primary form is solitary. The pileus is cinereous-tan when dried. It
differs from A. salignus alike in the definitely lateral stem, and in the thin
flaccid pileus. Var. Juglandis caespitose, smaller, attenuato-sessile at the
base, becoming fuscous.

On trunks. Aberdeen Fungus Show, 1874. Sept.

Spores 8-10x2-3 mk. B. Name pulmo, lung. From its texture. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 248. Hym. Eur. p. 176. B. & Br. n. 1522. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 216. Paul. t. 21. Var. Juglandis Fr. Icon. t. 87. /. 2.

379. A. serotinus Schrad. Pileus 1-7.5 cent - (K~3 in -) broad,
yellow-green, fuliginous-olivaceous, &c., thick, at first gibbous-
convex, then plane and ascending, reniform or obovate, even,
smooth, covered with a pellicle which is viscous in wet weather;
margin at the first shortly involute, at length expanded, somewhat
repand; flesh whitish. Stem not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
but most frequently shorter and obliterated, lateral, solid, thick,
irregularly shaped, becoming yellow, dotted with fuliginous squam-
ules, which are crowded into a fuliginous zone near the gills.
Gills ending determinately, not truly decurrent, narrow, crowded,
often branched, typically light yellow.

The stem is rarely fringed with lobes all round as if the pileus extended on
all sides. The gills appear as if decurrent when the pileus is arched or con-
chate. They vary in colour, more rarely pallid and flesh colour, also with the
edge dotted-fuliginous from the squamules of the stem ascending upon them.
The flesh is almost tasteless. Gregarious or imbricato-csespitose, very fleshy,
compact when young, then softer. Widely distinct from all others.

On trunks, ash and birch. Uncommon. Nov.-Dec.

Name serotinus, late. Schrad. in Abbild. d. Schwamm. 3. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 249. Hym. Eur. p. 176. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 121. Illust. PL
258. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 217. A. stipticus var. Fl. Dan. t. 1293. f. 2.

380. A. mitis Pers. Pileus about 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, rufes-
cent or whitish, slightly fleshy, continuous with the stem in a
straight line (not reflexed) and horizontal, reniform, even, smooth,
and without a viscid pellicle; flesh thin, pliant, white. Stem 12
mm. (y z in.) long, sometimes however very short, solid, definitely
lateral, compressed and dilated upwards, sprinkled with white
mealy squamules. Gills ending definitely, very crowded, linear-
lanceolate, simple, white.

Gregarious, but scarcely ever caespitose, tough, insipid. In form and stature
it is like Panus stipticus, which is cinnamon, coriaceous, distinct in its gills
being connected by veins, c.

On dead fir, &c. Common. Autumn-Winter.

176 AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. The stem becomes at length obsolete, and the pilei overlap each other.
Name mitis, mild. From its insipid taste. Pers. Syn. p. 481 (bat not the
fig. in Obs. Myc.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 249. Hym. Eur. p. 177. BerK. Out. p.
136. /. 6./. 9. C. Hbk. n. 122. Illust. PI. 258. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 218.

381. A. gadinoides Sm. Whole plant white. Pileus rather
fleshy, tender, dimidiate, clothed with fine adpressed flocci, hygro-
phanous, with no gelatinous upper stratum. Stem minute, lateral
or none. Gills somewhat crowded, slightly branched.

Allied to A. mitis. Spores 8x3 mk.

On tree-fern stems. Chelsea, 1872. May.

Name from Gadinia, the name of a beautiful white bivalve. Smith, in
Journ. Bot. 1873. /. 65. C. Illust. PI. 276. a.

382. A. limpidus Fr. Pileus about 2.5 cem. (i in.) hyaline-
white when moist, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, obovate
or reniform, horizontal, even, smooth, hygrophanous, and without
a viscous pellicle, margin very thin, shortly inflexed. No separate
stem, but the pileus is narrowed behind into a stem-like base.
Gills thin, crowded, decurrent at the base, white.

It cannot be confounded with any other, and can only be compared with A.
mitis. Its habit and substance are almost the same as those of A. mitis, but
it is somewhat sessile and wholly shining white. The rudimentary stem is
neither squamulose nor villous. The gills are decurrent on the stem-like base,
but end determinately. Taste mild.

On old ash-stump. Penzance, &c.

Name limpidus, clear, pellucid. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 250. Hym. Eur. p.
177. Icon. t. 88. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 2001. C. Illust. PI. 276.

383. A. reniformis Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad,
cinereous, slightly fleshy, horizontal^ reniform, plane, emarginate
behind, the regular margin entire, spreading ; flesh very thin,
somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Stem a very short villous rudi-
ment. Gills running out from the stem-like tubercle, and diver-
gent, thin, linear, grey.

On branches of silver-fir, &c. Glamis, 1877, &c. Aug.-Oct.

Name- renes, the kidneys ; forma, form. Kidney-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 177. Icon. t. 89. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1648. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 219. C.
Illust. PL 276.

384. A. lauro-cerasi B. &. Br. Pileus rather more than 2.5
cent, (i in.) broad, brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very
thin. Stem obsolete. Gills connected by veins.

The cuticle is extremely thin, and gives way at the furrows, so as to expose
the substance of the pileus.

LEUCOSPORI. 177

On the naked trunk of a laurel. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. Pleurotus.

Spores ovate, .0008 millim. long. B. &= Br. ; 8xn mk. W.P. Name
Laurus cerasus, cherry-laurel. B. & Br. n. 1854. C. Illust. PL 242. a.

385. A. tremulus Schceff. Pileus about 12 mm. ()4 in.) broad,
fuscous-grey, becoming pale, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, dimidi-
ate, somewhat horizontal, reniform, plane, depressed and often
villous behind, otherwise smooth, even. Stem 12 mm. (}4 in.)
long, sometimes very short, distinct, exactly lateral, ascending-
vertical, round, somewhat thin (4 mm., 2 lin.) and dilated upwards,
grey. Gills adnate, or, when the pileus is more evidently de-
pressed, decurrent, but determinate, linear, narrow, somewhat
distant, very unequal, grey.

Stem fixed to mosses by fibrils at the base. Changeable like neighbouring
species. The whole plant stiff. Solitary. There is a remarkable form with
the stem slender, 2 5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly
rounded, with the thinner diaphanous pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in. ) broad, here
and there infundibuliform, fringed with lobes all round, and with the gills in
no wise decurrent.

On the ground, moss, fungi, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec.

Stem attached to the matrix by a woolly mass. M.J.B. Name tremulus,
tremulous. Schceff. t. 224 (but/, i, 2 with the stem channelled incline to A.
petaloides). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 250. Plym. Eur. p. 177. Berk. Out. p. 137.
C. Hbk. n. 123. Illust. PL 242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 220. Sow. t. 242.

386. A. acerosus Fr. - - Pileus grey, silky-white when dry,
membranaceous, reniform, plane, striate^ somewhat lobed. Stem
very short or obsolete, lateral, somewhat strigose at the base.
Gills determinate, linear, crowded, single, grey.

So protean that it is necessary to describe the primary forms separately : A.
Pilei grey, silky-white when dry, membranaceous, striate when damp. Stem
short, 6 mm. (3 lin.) long, round, strigoso-hispid, as if composed of many to-
gether, bearing many small pilei which resemble a lobed pileus 2.5-5 cent.
(i-2in.) broad. Gills horizontal, determinate, not decurrent, scarcely some-
what distant, of the same colour as the pileus. B. Pileus membranaceous,
plane, reniform or orbicular, most frequently lobed, flaccid, when fresh striate
and grey. Stem scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) long and broad, lateral, compressed,
villous. Gills linear, very narrow, crowded, many unequal, grey. C. Pileus
fuscous when moist, hoary when dry, membranaceous, flaccid, reniform,
wholly horizontal, depressed behind and strigose at the disc, slightly striate
at the margin, undulated, fringed all round when larger. Stem lateral, very
short or almost none. Gills decurrent, not very crowded, scarcely 2 mm.
(i lin.) broad, fuscous-cinereous, not becoming pale like the former. D.
Horizontal, somewhat sessile with the pileus in a white tomentose mycelium
which is effused on mosses, wedge-shaped, wholly glaucous when fresh, fulig-
inous-fuscous when dry, soft and flaccid, scarcely striate, and only adhering
behind to a point, villous. Gills simple, thin, plane, linear. A on fallen fir-
twigs in dense woods. B on rotten wood of Pimis silvestris in moist places.
C on pine-needles, by gravelly waysides. Bolt. t. 72. /. 3 as regards form.
D on Sphagna in hilly swamps, not to be confounded with Cantharellus

M

178 AGARICUS.

Pleurotus. muscigenus or C. lobatus. A is the primary form described in Fr. Syst. Myc.
C, however, may be taken as the typical form of the species.

On decayed wood, lawn, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec.

Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name acus, chaff. Chaffy. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
251. Hym. Eur. p. 178. Icon. t. 89. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n.
124. Ilhist. PL 242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 221.

1 1 1. RESUPINATI.
* Pileus fleshy, uniform.

387. A. porrigens Pers. Wholly shining white. Pileus 2.5-10
cent. (1-4 in.) broad, at the first resupinate, sessile, adnate behind,

forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills concurrent in
an umbilicus, soon however extended laterally, ascending, ear-
shaped, narrow at the base, dilated above ; otherwise fleshy, tough,
flaccid, at length undulato-lobed, even, somewhat smooth, but
more or less tomentose towards the base ; flesh thin, compact.
Gills at first concurrent, somewhat veined, decurrent to the base
when the pileus is extended, thin, crowded, linear, very narrow,
sometimes divided.

Inodorous, insipid, when full grown often imbricated in the form of steps.
It at length resembles A. petaloides.

On stumps, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 7-8 x 6 mk. ^.,-4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name
porrigo, to stretch out. From its habit of growth. Pers. Obs. Myc. i. p. 54.
Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 252. Hym. Eur. p. 178. Berk. Out. p. 137. B. &= Br.
n. 1222. C. Hbk. n. 125. Illust. PI. 259. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 222.
Saund. & Sm. t. 26.

388. A. septicus Fr. Wholly shining white. Pileus 2-10
mm. (1-5 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, villous, at the first resupinate,
attached to the wood, then furnished with a short (2-4 mm., 1-2
lin.) incurved, villous stem, which becomes erect and at length
vanishes, so that the reflexed pileus then appears sessile, with
flaxy rootlets. Gills at first converging round the rudiment of a
stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant.

Very small, so changeable in form that it is difficult to recognise the same
individual in different stages of its growth. In form, and flaxy rootlets of the
stem, it is chiefly to be compared with A. byssisedus. It is smaller, however,
and more fleshy, and is wholly (also the spores) shining white. It resembles
A. variabilis, but the gills do not change colour on account of the spores being
white.

On decayed wood, fungi, &c. Frequent. June.-Oct.

Name septicus, putrefying. From its growing on rotten wood. Fr.
Monogr. i. /. 254. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n. 126.

LEUCOSPORI. 179

Illust. PL 259. b. k S. Mycol. Scot. n. 223. Letell. t. 706. f. i. A. pubescens Pleurotus.
Sow. t. 321.

** Pileus fleshy, gelatinous or viscid, &>c.

389. A. mastrucatus Fr. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad,
mouse-grey, as if prickly withfloccose, sqitarrose scales of the same
colour, fleshy, when full grown obovate or tongue-shaped, soft,
flaccid, margin involute but lobed when full grown and luxuri-
ant; strat2im of flesh double, the upper, that of the thick (i m., %
lin.) pellicle, gelatinous, pliant, mouse-fuscous; the lower (that of
the flesh proper) a little thicker, pallid. Gills at first concurrent
in an excentric umbilicus (without the rudiment of a stem), then
converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distant,
quaternate, whitish-grey.

The first of a series of distinguished species, which form a remarkably nat-
ural group. Larger than following species, resupinate when young, adnate
at the back, excentrically cup-shaped, then reflexed, sessile, somewhat im-
bricated.

On old trunks. Rare.

Name mastruca, a sheepskin. From its woolly-like coat. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 254. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 127. Illust.
PI. 243. A. echinatus Sow. t. 99.

390. A. atro-caeruleus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 m -) broad,
commonly dark azure-blue, more rarely fuscous, at the first re-
supinate, soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate or reniform, 'villous,
rarely slightly smooth, slightly wrinkled (because the cuticle is
contracted in drying) when dry; flesh soft, the upper stratum
(that of the pellicle) toughly gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. (2
lin.) thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower (that of the flesh proper)
thinner, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, then reaching the
base, broad, in groups of 4-8, whitish, at length becoming light
yellow.

Sessile, gregarious, somewhat imbricated. Here and there emitting a very
pleasant odour.

On trunks, birch, &c. Rare. Nov.-Dec.

Spores 3X 8 mk. W.G.S. Name ater, black; ccemleus, azure-blue. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 255. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 128.
Illust. PL 243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 224. Saund. & Sm. t. 6. f. i. A. alneus
S chaff, t. 246. f. 3, 8, 9.

391. A. Leightoni Berk. Pileus 10 mm. (5 lin.) broad, umber
then lead-coloured, at first obliquely conical, furfuraceous, with
short scattered bristles intermixed ; flesh consisting of two dis-
tinct strata ; the upper gelatinous, of the colour of the pileus, the

l8o AGARICUS.

Pkurotus. lower white. Stem none. Gills pallid tan-colour, rather thick,
distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated, obscure-
ly wrinkled at the base, the interstices scarcely reticulated.

On wood. Shrewsbury.

Name after Rev. W. A. Leighton. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. t. g. f. i.
Out. p. 138. C. Illust. PL 260. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 179.

392. A. algidus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( J - 2 in.) broad, umber
or rufous brown, fleshy, at first resupinate, then expanded, some-
what reniform, unequal, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh thin, moder-
ately pliant, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, at length appear-
ing adnate, crowded, rather broad, sometimes crisped at the base,
becoming pallid yellow.

Manifestly allied to A. mastrucatus and A. atro-cceruleus , but fas pellicle is
thin, viscid only in a moist state, and remarkably distinct in the full-grown
pileus, being smooth, limber or rufus-brown. From an excentrically cup-
shaped form, which is adnate at the back and sessile, with concurrent gills, it
is unfolded into reflexed pilei, which are commonly caespitoso-imbricated.
When young the pileus is often covered with pruina. In the same places in-
dividual specimens have occurred quite similar, but departing from the type in
the bluish-grey colour of the pileus.

On trunks. Linlithgowshire.

Name algidus, cold. From its being found in northern regions. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 255. Hym. Eur. p. 180. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 129.
Illust. PI. 260. Brigant. t. 20. A. subsessilis Fl. Dan. t. 1552. f. i. A.
lateralis Fl. Dan. t. 1556. f. 2. A. cynotis Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 23. f. 5.

393. A. fluxilis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat
limber, thin, dimidiate, horizontal, plane, reniform, covered vr'tfh a
fluid gelatinous stratum which is not covered with a cuticle ; the
flesh proper very thin, pallid, soft. Gills rounded behind, 2 mm.
(i lin.) broad, linear, distant, distinct, 'whitish; few (3-5) reaching
the base, but very many shorter ones intermixed.

As many as 31 of the shorter gills may be counted at the margin between
those which reach the base. Solitary, sessile. A most distinguished species,
not to be compared with any other. Never resupinate, but adhering by a
single lateral point, to which all the gills converge.

On wood and sawdust. Glamis, 1877. Oct.

When young it is covered with an extremely thin, vanishing membrane, so
that it may be truly said to be without a cuticle. Spores elliptical-oblong,
guttate, 10 mk. Q. Namefluxilis, fluid. From the fluid stratum of the
pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 256. Hym. Eur. p. 180. B. & Br. n. 1756. S.
Alycol. Scot. n. 226. C. Illust. PL 244.

394. A. cyphellseformis Berk. Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) or more
broad and high, cinereous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very

LEUCOSPORI. iSl

minutely strigose especially at the base, margin paler, sprinkled P!eurotus.
with a few meal-like scales; upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous,
beneath which the flesh is white and very thin. Stem none.
Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones shorter,
narrow, linear.

Minute. Gregarious. Allied to A. applicatus.
On dead herbaceous stems. Rare. Oct.

Name xv^eAAov, the hollow of the ear. From its shape. Berk. Mag. Zool.
and Bot. i. t. 15. /. 3. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 131. Illust. PL 244. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 180.

395. A. applicatus Batsch. Dark cinereous. Pileus 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) broad, when young cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate behind,
villous at the base, commonly sessile, more or less pruinate; when
fuller grown more or less reflexed, never dimidiate, smooth or
slightly villous, slightly striate when damp. Gills few, rather
thick, broad, distant, paler than the pileus and here and there
whitish at the edge.

Varying in colour, cinereous- or azure-blue-blackish, dark or bluish-grey.
The pileus is occasionally extended in a stem-like form (but there is never the
rudiment of a true stem) with the gills radiating from a central point. Habit
and stature wholly those of A. striatulus, &c., but thicker, firmer, and clothed
with a gelatinous pellicle.

On dead branches, ash, c. Common. Autumn-Spring.

Fries found it chiefly on willows. Name applicatus, closely attached.
From its habit of growth. Batsch t. 125. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 257. Hym. Eur.
p. 1 80. Berk. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 133. Illust. PI. 244. c. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 227. Sow. t. 301. A. epixylon Bull. t. 581. f. 2.

*** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

396. A. Hobsoni Berk. Pileus 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad, pale
grey, membranaceous, reniform or dimidiate, stemless, minutely
downy, margin involute. Gills rather distant, pallid.

On larch-stumps. Apethorpe, 1859. Sept.

It seems very closely allied to A. reniformis, but that species is smooth,
shortly stipitate and broader. Fr. Name after Lieut. Julian C. Hobson.
Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 132. Illust. PL 212. a." Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
181.

397. A. striatulus Fr. Pale cinereous. Pileus very small, 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, always sessile, not extended behind, cup-
shaped, very tender, smooth, pellucid, striate. Gills few, distant,
of the same colour as the pileus or whitish.

Gregarious. Easily escaping observation from its minuteness. Wholly
withering and corrugated when dry. Very changeable in different stations.

182

AGAR1CUS.

Pleurotus. A. The typical form is regularly cup-shaped or obconico-campanulate, central,
never reflexed, and for the most part fuscous-cinereous ; on the under side of
fallen trunks, chiefly pine. B. In another form the pilei are at first excentric,
then reflexed, imbricated and crisped, of a pale cinereous colour; on dried
vertical branches, such as hazel. C. A third form (Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 25.
f. 3.) has the pileus irregular, at length dimidiate, bluish-grey; on fallen stalks.

On fir, hazel, elm, &c. Uncommon. May-Dec.

Name striatulus. Slightly striate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 257. Hym. Eur.
p. 181. Icon. t. 89. / 5. Berk. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 134. Illust. PL
212. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 228.

398. A. hypnophilus Berk. Pileus white, sessile, resupinate,
flat, somewhat reniform, nearly smooth. Gills simple, of the same
colour.

Exactly the habit of A. variabilis ; but the spores are white, and in conse-
quence the gills do not change colour.

On the larger mosses, and fallen leaves. Appin.

Joined by Persoon with A. variabilis. Spores 3 x 2-3 mk. B. Name 'Lirvov,
a marsh plant ; <pi'Aos, loving. Hypnum-loving. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 75.
Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 135. Illust. PL 212. c. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 229. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 181. A. variabilis v. hypnophilus Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 24. /.
5 a?

399. A. chioneus Pers. Snow-white. Pileus very tender,
somewhat resupinate, villous. Stem curt, villaus, vanishing.
Gills rather broad.

On wood or dung. Rare. Sept.

Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, extremely delicate and fragile, clothed with
white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the margin involute. Gills radiat-
ing, distant, with sometimes a single smaller one in the interstices. Allied to
A. septic-us, and differing in its very thin pileus. M.J.B. Name \^v, snow.
Snow-white. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 26. f. 10, n. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 181.
Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 75. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 136. Illust. PL 212. d.

Vclvaria.

SERIES II. HYPORHODII (M (diminutive); po'Seos, rose-col-
oured). Spores rosy or rubiginous. [A partial veil has been ob-
served only among the Annularias. The spores in the Volvariae,
Plutei, and most of the Clitopili are globose or oblong and even,
like those of the Leucospori, but in the other subgenera of the
series (also in A. (Pluteus) roseo-albus according to Seynes) they
are commonly irregular and angular ^\ Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182.

Subgenus X. VOLVAKJA (volva, a wrapper). Fr. Syst. Myc.
i. p. 277. Rosy-spored. Universal veil free, persistent, distinct

HYPORHODII.

from the epidermis of the pileus (constituting a volva). Hymen- Volvaria.
ophore distinct from the stem. The Volvarias are as it were
Amanitas with rosy spores, but they
are more nearly related to the Plutei
and the Psalliotas. Gills rounded be-
hind and free, ventricose. Fr. Hytn.
Eur, p. 182.

Volvaria corresponds with Ama-
nita. The species appear early in the
year. They grow chiefly on rotten
wood or in rich mould or manured
ground; hence they are more frequent
in gardens, hothouses, c., than in
woods. Some are said to be edible,
but they soon acquire a disagreeable
taste from the rapidity with which
they decay.

* Pileus dry, silky orfibrillose.

** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth.

XII. Agaricus (Volvaria) vol-
uaceus. One-fifth natural size.

* Pileus dry, silky orfibrillose.

400. A. bombycinus Schceff. -- Pileus 7.5-20 cent. (3-8 in.)
broad, wholly -white, fleshy, soft, at first globose, soon campan-
ulate, at length convex, somewhat umbonate, everywhere silky-
or, when older, sqiiamuloso-villoits, more rarely becoming smooth
at the vertex; flesh not thick, white. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.)
long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick or more at the base, solid, equally
attenuated from the base to the apex, even, smooth, white. Vol-
va soon torn asunder, ample, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mem-
branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills free,
very crowded when young, almost cohering, ventricose, in groups
of 2-4, then toothed, flesh-coloured.

Ovate when young. According to some becoming fuscous. The stem is
curved-ascending on vertical trunks and straight on prostrate ones. Com-
monly solitary, sometimes however caespitose.

On decayed wood, stumps, c. Rare. Aug.-Sept.

Spores elliptic. Considered edible. Name bombyx, silk. Silky. Schizff. t.
98. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 259. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Berk. Out. p. 139. /. ^.f.
i. C. Hbk. n. 231. Illust. PL 293. Krombh. t. 23. /. 15-21. Brig. t. 34.
/. 1-6. Barla t. 25. /. 1-5. Mich. N. gen. t. 76. /. 2.

401. A. volvaceus Bull. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, rarely
more, cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, campan-
ulate then expanded, obtuse. Stem 7.5-1 2.*5 cent. (3-5 in.) long,

184 AGARICUS.

VoivaHa. 12 mm. (*4 in.) thick, white, solid, somewhat equal; volva lax.
Gills free, flesh-coloured.

Its history is wholly that of A. bombycimis, but it is generally smaller. It
differs constantly, however, in the volva being less ample and persistent and in
becoming fuscous, in breadth, colour, and streaking of the pileus, and in the
gills being less purely flesh-coloured.

In stoves, roadsides, &c. Rare. July-Aug.

Spores 6-8 x 4 mk. B. Name volva, a wrapper ; furnished with a volva.

Bull. t. 262. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 260. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Fl, Dan. t. 1731.

f. 2. Vivian, t. 10. Ventur. t. 22. Barl. t. 2$.f. 6-13. Fr. Nees in Act.

Nat. Cur. xvi. t. 7. C. Illust. PI. 294. Form departing from the type Sow. t.

i. Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. n. 232.

402. A. Loveianus Berk. Pileus 6 cent. (2% in.) broad,
white with a very slight shade of pink or cinereous, beautifully
silky, moderately fleshy, subtruncato-globose, then convex or
slightly expanded, margin involute. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, white, solid, bulbous, attenuated up-
wards, closely fibrillose with a little matted down, very juicy ;
volva pure white with a little downy prominence within round
the base of the stem. Gills broad in front, quite free, somewhat
deliquescent, gradually pale pink.

At first it appears like a small, smooth, white, round Bovista. Gregarious,
subcaespitose.

Parasitic on A. nebularis. Very rare. Oct.

It has been grown on A. nebularis by Worthington Smith. Spores minute,
elliptic, 3 mk. W.G.S. Name after Rev. R. T. Lowe. Berk. Out. p.
140. t. 7. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 233. Illust. PL 295. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 230.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182.

403. A. Taylori Berk. Pileus 4.5 cent, (i^ in.) high and
broad, livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the
apex, thin, margin lobed and sinuated. Stem 6 cent. (2^ in.)
long, 6 mm. (}i in.) thick, pallid, solid, nearly equal, slightly bulb-
ous at the base ; volva date-brown, lobed, somewhat lax, small.
Gills uneven, broad in front, very much attenuated behind, rose-
colour.

Pileus beautifully pencilled and cracked. The dark volva, campanulate pil-
eus, and uneven, attenuated gills are marked characters. The habit is rather
that of some Entoloma than of its more immediate allies.

On the ground. Jersey, &c.

Spores 6x 9 mk. W.G.S. Name after M. A. Taylor. B. & Br. n. 67$.
Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. n. 234. Illust. PI. 296. Saund. &> Sm. t. 33.
/. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 183.

HYPORHODII. 185

404. A. temperatus B. & Br. Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, Voivaria.
convex, umbonate, pulverulent, striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)

long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, pellucid ; volva ample.

On soil in a greenhouse. Sibbertoft.

Name temperatus, as applied to heat. From growing in a greenhouse.
B. & Br. n. 1757. C. Illust. PI. 300. a.

** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth.

405. A. speciosus Fr. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
whitish, grey or umber at the disc, fleshy, globose when young,
then campanulate, at length plane and somewhat umbonate, even,
smooth, viscous; flesh soft, floccose, white. Stem 10-20 cent.
(4-8 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, slight-
ly attenuated from the base as far as the apex, when young white-
villous and tomentose at the base, then becoming smooth, white ;
volva bulbous rather than lax, free however, variously torn into
loops, membranaceous, 1-2.5 cent. ()4-i in.) broad, externally
tomentose, white. Gills free, flesh-coloured.

The gills are wholly the same as those of A. bombycinus. It occurs also
thinner, with the pileus wholly grey.

On dunghills, roadsides, &c. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 12-18 x 8-10 mk. K. Name
speciosus, handsome. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 260. Hym. Eur. p. 183. Berk. Out.
p. 141. B. &> Br. n. 902*. C. Hbk. n. 236. Illust. PL 297. 5. Mycol. Scot,
n. 231. Fl. Dan. t. 1737. Krombh. t. 26. /. 1-8.

406. A. gloiocephalus Dec. Fl. Pileus fuliginous, fleshy, cam-
panulate then expanded, umbonate, smooth, glutinous, striate at
the margin. Stem solid, smooth, becoming fuscous or tawny ;
the volva, which is circularly split, pressed close. Gills free,
reddish.

Fragments of the volva are sometimes seen on the pileus. The stem is
commonly more slender than that of A. speciosus.

On the ground. Uncommon. June-Oct.

Pileus about 3 in. across, with a strong regular, obtuse umbo in the centre,
of a delicate mouse-grey, viscid when moist but when dry shining, quite
smooth, margin striate in consequence of the thinness of the flesh ; stem 6 in.
or more high, about y z in. thick in the centre, attenuated upwards, bulbous
at the base, clothed with a few slight fibres, easily splitting, solid, rather
dingy, ringless. Volva loose, villous like the base of the stem, splitting into
several unequal lobes ; the gills are broad, especially in front, narrower
behind and quite free, so as to leave a space round the top of the stem, white,
tinged with greyish pink ; margin slightly toothed. Smell strong and un-
pleasant, and taste disagreeable. M.J.B. Very poisonous according to

i86

AGARICUS.

Volvaria. Letellier. Spores 19x9 mk. W. G.S. Name yAoto?, sticky; Ke^aAvj, head.
From the glutinous pileus. Decand. Fl.fr. vi. p. 52. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 183.
Card. Chron. 1860, p. 933. fig. C. Hbk. n. 237. I II list. PL 298. S. My col.
Scot. n. 232. Saund. & Sm. t. 33. /. 2. Letell. t. 623. f. 2. & t. 645. /. //./.
A. speciosus Klotzsch in Fl. Bor. t. 457. Barla t. 26. Berk. Out. t. 7. /. 3.

407. A. medius Schum. White. Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^
in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscous, silky
when dry, margin even, smooth. Stem scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.)
long, solid, equal, smooth j the sheathing volva lobed. Gills free,
rosy-flesh-colour.

It is very much allied to A. speciosics, but much smaller, wholly shining
white. It differs conspicuously from A. parvulus, with which many confound
it, in the stem being solid and smooth, and in the pileus being convexo-plane
and viscid.

On the ground. Epping Forest, 1869. Oct.

Name mediiis, middle. Intermediate between A. speciosus and A.
parvulus. Schum. Scell. p. 248. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 184. Monogr. \. p. 261.
Fl. Dan. t. 1676. f. 2. Larb. t. 9. f. 4. C. Illust. PI. 299. A. serico-
cephalus Letell. t. 623. b.

408. A. parvulus Weinm. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (fa-\ in.) rarely
more broad, whitish, the umbo here and there darker, slightly
fleshy, conical then campanulate, at length rather plane and
umbonate, at first slightly viscid, soon dry, silky. Stem 2.5-4
cent. (i-i/4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose,
equal, silky, villous at the base, white. Gills free, flesh-coloured.

Gregarious. Much smaller and thinner than preceding species. Form B.
Wholly shining white when young, the gills at length white flesh-colour.
Pileus conical when young, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin. ) high, dry, and sometimes
floccoso-squamulose. Stem stuffed, never fistulose, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, pubescent, sheathed with the two-lobed volva,
adpressedly silky.

In pastures, soil in gardens, &c. Frequent.

A very minute form occurs on the soil of garden-pots in stoves, with a
transparent, minutely tomentose stem ; volva white, silky. B. dr 3 Br. Spores
6x4 mk. W.G.S.; 8x5 mk. IV. P. ; 6-8x4 m k- B. Na.meparvus, small.
Very small. Weinm. Ross. p. 238. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 261. Hym. Eiir. p.
184. B. & Br. n. 1413*. C. Hbk. n. 235. Illust. PL 300. b. A. volvaceus
minor Bull. t. 330. A. pusillus Pers. Obs. 2. p. 36. t. 4. f. 4. Berk. Out. p.
140. Krombh. t. 3. f. 20. A. venustus Vivian, t. n.

Annularia. Subgenus XL ANNULARIA (annulus, a ring) Schulz. Verh.
Oestereich. Zool. Bot. Gesell. 1868, p. 49. Rosy-spored, furnished
with a ring, but destitute of a volva. Gills free ; hymenophore

HYPORHODII.

I8 7

distinct from the stem. Chamaeota Smith in Seem. Journ. 1870. Annularia.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 184.

No British species.

XIII. Agaricns (Piuteus) cervi-
mts. One-fourth natural size.

Subgemis XII. PLUTEUS (piuteus, a pent-house). Fr. Epicr. piuteus.
p. 140. Rosy-spored, without a volva or a ring. Hymenophore
distinct from the stem, and hence the
gills are rounded behind and free
(never emarginate), cohering at the
first, white then flesh-coloured, but in
one or two instances often tinged with
yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 185.

Piuteus agrees in all except the
volva with Volvaria. If the pellicle
of the pileus, which is often fibrillose,
flocculose, or pruinose, is to be con-
sidered a concrete universal veil, it
would be analogous with Lepiota.
The apex of the stem which is sep-
arate from the flesh of the pileus is
inserted in it like a peg, which is the
case in most of the Lepiotce. The
species grow on or near trunks, ap-
pearing early, and lasting longer than the Volvaria. None are
edible; taste insipid, smell unpleasant.

* Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils orftocci.

* Pileus pruinate with atoms, somewhat pulverulent.
*** Pileus naked, smooth.

* Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils orflocci.

409. A. cervinus Schasff. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more
broad, fleshy, somewhat fragile, campanulate then expanded, ob-
tuse, when, young covered over with a continuous pellicle, which is
toughly viscid in wet weather, becoming even, smooth, fuliginous;
this, however, is gradually broken up into fibrils or squamules on
the pileus, which becomes pale and is often streaked, margin entire
and naked; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more
long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal, white, but
externally reticulated or striate with black fibrils. Gills rounded
behind, free and quite separate from the stem, cro\vded, ventri-
cose, somewhat crenulated, white then flesh-colour, of the same
colour at the edge.

l88 AGARICUS.

Pluteus. Protean. In very shady places the colour passes into yellow-fuscous (Fl.

Dan. t. 1067. /. 2). In hollow trunks smaller with the pileus excentric and
the stem ascending.

On trunks and stumps. Common. April-Nov.

Spores sphceroid-ellipsoid, even, 7-8x5-6 mk. K.; 6-8x4-5 mk. B. ; 4x5
mk. W. G.S. Name cervus, a deer. Fawn-coloured. Schceff. t. 10. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 263. Hym. Eur. p. 185. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. n.
240. Illust. PL 301. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 233. A. atricapillus Batsch t. 76.
A. latus Bolt. t. 2. Sow. t. 108. A. pluteus Dittm. Sturm, t. 28. Krombh.
t. 2. /. 7-10. A. Neesii Klotzsch in FL Bar. t. 459. Var. Bullii Berk. C.
Illust. PL 357.

* A. eximius Sm. Pileus fleshy, when young campanulate
and elegantly corrugated and lobed, margin involute and not
membranaceous, clothed with a semi -viscid separable cuticle.
Stem thick, solid, fibrillose. Gills crowded, somewhat thick,
white then pale rose, becoming slightly rufous when bruised ;
flesh cartilaginous, tasteless or watery.

Flesh cutting like A. cervinus. Manifestly near A. petasatus, but it differs
materially in the pileus being fleshy throughout, and in other characters.
Spores yellowish salmon, spherical but somewhat irregular, averaging7X5 mk.

On sawdust. Rare. Nov.

The pileus is rufescent-umber, when young darker and beautifully tinged
with carmine roimd the margin. The very stout stem becomes almost black-
streaked. Name eximius, remarkable. Saund. fir 1 Sm. t. 38. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 233. C. Illust. PL 302. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 186.

* A. petasatus Fr. Pileus 12.5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) broad,
whitish-cinereous, at length somewhat date-brown, campanulate
then expanded and flattened, very smooth, covered over with a
viscid separable pellicle, fleshy at the disc but membranaceous and
at length slightly but densely striate from the circumference to
the middle; flesh soft, white. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.)
long, solid, rigid, attenuated upwards from the silky base, fibril-
loso-striate, pallid, at length becoming tawny. Gills very broad,
18 mm. (^ in.), very crowded, drying up and at length tawny at
the edge.

On sawdust, &c. Uncommon.

Name petasus, a hat with a broad brim. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. \.
p. 265. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. ?t. 243. Illust.
PL 303. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 233. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. t. 9. f. 2. n.
271.

410. A. umblOSUS Pers. Pileus timber, fleshy, campanulate
then expanded, lacunose-wrinkled, at the first villous, margin
ciliato-fimbriate. Stem solid, villous-scaly. Gills free, fuliginous-
fimbriated at the edge.

HYPORHODII. 189

The stature is wholly that of A. ceruinus, but it differs in the villous-scaly p ,
stem, in the pileus being lacunose, at the first villous and the margin fringed
with hairs, and in the edge of the gills being fringed-fuliginous or marginate.
But these differences gradually disappear, and there are many intermediate
forms.

On dead wood. Rare. Sept.

Spores 6-8x5 m k- B. Name umbrosus, shady. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 2. /. 5.
Syn. p. 358. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Monogr, \. p. 263. C. Hbk. n. 241.
Illust. PL 304. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 234. A. umbrinus Berk. Out. p. 141.

411. A. salicinus Pers. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in), and more
broad, bluish-grey then cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex then
plane, somewhat umbonate, smooth, but flocculoso-rugulose and
darker at the disc. Stem 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 m -) l n g" 2 mm. C 1
lin.) or a little more thick, stuffed, zc(uz\,fibrillose, fragile, luhite-
azure-blue, or sometimes becoming green. Gills free, rose-
colour.

It approaches Leptoni<z in the darker and slightly wrinkled disc.

In the interior of hollow willow. South Wooton. Sept.

Name salix, willow. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 264. Hym. Eur. p. 186. Grevil-
lea, vol. xiii. p. 48.

412. A. hispidulus Fr. Pileus S-io mm. (4-5 lin.) broad,
grey, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, everywhere silky
or slightly pilose, even, dry, at length slightly striate at the mar-
gin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,

fistulose, equal, curved-ascending, round, fragile, even, smooth,
silvery. Gills free, flesh-colour.

The smallest of the Plutei, most clearly distinct from all the rest.

On beech-stumps. Stapleton Park.

Fries has found it growing also on mould in pots in hothouses. Name
hispidus, hairy. Slightly hairy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 264. Hym. Eur. p. 187.
Icon. t. 90. /. 2. C. Illust. PL 304. b.

** Pileus pruinate 'with atoms, somewhat pulverulent.

413. A. nanus Pers. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, umber or
darker at the disc, from which veined radiating umber wrinkles
extend throughout the pileus which is fuliginous and sprinkled
with fuscous pulverulent sootiness, slightly fleshy, but toughish,
by no means campanulate, but convex then flattened, obtuse, well
formed, dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
solid, rigid, equal or slightly attenuated from the base and dilated

AGARICUS.

Piuteus. again at the very apex, slightly striate, whitish. Gills free, flesh-
colour.

The pileus and stem are commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) only, but individual
specimens occur with the pileus 6 cent. (2 l / 2 in.) broad, and the stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in. ) long.

On fallen sticks and sawdust. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.

Spores 5 mk. W.G.S. Name nanus, dwarf. Pers. Syn. p. 357. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 266. Hym. Eur. p. 187. Berk. Out. p. 141. C. Hbk. n. 242.
Illust. PL 305. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 235. Var. lutescens with stem and
often gills yellow. B. & Br. n. 676, yellow-stemmed var. C. Illust. PL 305.
b. A. pyrrhospermus Bull. t. 547. f. 3.

414. A. spilopus B. & Br. Pileus brown, rugulose. Stem
flexuous, black-dotted.

Dwarf. Allied to A. namis.

On stumps. Batheaston, iSSo.

Spores globose, even. B. & Br. ; 4 mk. W.P. Name o-TuAo?, spot ; TTOUS,
a foot. With spotted stem. B. &> Br. n. 1856. C. Illust. PL 325.

*** Pileus naked, smooth.

415. A. leoninus Schaeff. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iK~3 in-) broad,
yellow or lemon-yellow, very thin, somewhat membranaceous,

fragile, campanulate the7i expanded, even, smooth, naked, slightly
striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4-8
mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, solid, fragile, slightly attenuated upwards,
sometimes thickened at the base, longitudinally striate, becoming
whitish-light yellow. Gills free, white then flesh-colour, but for
the most part becoming light yellow at the edge.

Erect. Commonly taller and much handsomer in the typical state than the
figures represent. Often confounded with the yellowish form of A. nanus.

On wood. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

Pileus often of the most brilliant orange. M.J.B. Name leoninus, per-
taining to a lion. Tawny. Schceff. f. 48. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 266. Hym.
Eur. p. 1 88. Berk. Out. p. 142. /. j.f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 244. Illust. PL 421.
Pers. Ic. descr. t. 7. f. 4.

416. A. chrysophseus Schaeff. Pileus cinnamon, somewhat
membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, becoming even,
naked, smooth and streaked, striate at the margin. Stem some-
what hollow, smooth. Gills free, white then flesh-colour.

The stature and substance are wholly those of A. leoninus, from which, how-
ever, it differs constantly in the stem "being fistuloso- hollow and less striate, and
in \.\\e pileus being dark cinnamon or pale umber, often black-streaked.

HYPORHODII.

IQT

On wood, stumps, &c. Frequent. July-Oct.

Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) or more across, dingy. Stem white or yellowish, solid
in my specimens. M.J.B. Spores 5 mk. W.P. Name xpwos, gold ; ^otos,
dusky. Dingy-golden. Schce/. t. 253. Fr. Hym. Eur, p. 188. Monogr. i.
p. 266. Berk. Out. p. 142. /. -j.f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 245. Illust. PL 309. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 236. A. molliusculus Sow. t. 174. Grev. t. 173.

417. A. phlebophorus Dittm. Pileus umber, slightly fleshy,
convex then expanded, 'wrinkled with veins, naked as well as the
margin which is without stria?. Stem fistulose, smooth, some-
what incurved, shining. Gills free, white-flesh-colour.

Appearing in the same localities as A. nanus, and very like it in all its parts.
It does not differ except in ihejistzdose shining stem, and in the pileus being
naked (not pruinose), commonly reticulated with wrinkles.

On rotten wood, sawdust, &c. Rare. July-Oct.

Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. The pits of the pileus are very deep,
and the reticulations very distinct ; in our plant the stem is slightly flocculose.
B. & Br. Spores subglobose, 9 mk. B. & Br. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ,-5x7 mk.
W. P. ; 6-8 x 5-6 mk. B. Name <A.e<//, vein; <f>epu, to carry. From the
veined pileus. Dittm. Sturm, t. 15. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 188. Monogr. i. p.
267. Berk. Out. p. 142. B. & Br. n. 676*. C. Hbk. n. 246. Illust. PL
422. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 237. Var. reticulatus. C. Illust. PL 422. B.

Pluteus.

Subgenus XIII. ENTOLOMA (eVrrfs, within ; A/*a, a fringe. Emoloma.
Probably referring to the innate character of the pseudo-veil).
Fr. Epicr. p. 143. Rosy-spored. No
distinct veil. Stem fleshy or fibrous,
soft, sometimes waxy. Pileus some-
what fleshy, margin incurved. Hy-
menophore continuous with the stem ;
gills sinuato-adnexed behind or separ-
ating. Spores, so far as they have
been examined, angular. Fr. Hym.
Ettr. p. 189.

Entoloma is analogous with Tri-
choloma and must be carefully separ-
ated from Hebeloma. The species
grow on the ground, and occur chiefly
after heavy rain. They are not used

as food, though many smell of new X IV. Agaricus (Entoloma) -
meal, as esculent species often do.

atus. One-sixth natural size.

I. Genuini (typical species). Pileus fleshy, when full grown smooth, often
viscid, but not hygrophanous, nor ever innato-floccose or squamulose.

192 AGARICUS.

Entoloma. II. Leptonidei (inclining to Leptonia). Pileus absolutely dry, but floccu-
lose, somewhat scaly.

III. Nolanidei (inclining to Nolanea]. Pileus thin, for the most part
scissile, hygropkanous, smooth, but with a silky appearance when dry. Com-
monly irregular, pileus repand.

I. GENUINI.

418. A. sinuatus Fr. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) broad, becoming
yellow-white, very fleshy, convex then expanded, at first gibbous,
at length depressed, repand and sinuate at the margin. Stem
7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, stout,
equal, compact, at first fibrillose, then smooth, naked, shining
white. Gills emarginate, slightly adnexed, 12-18 mm. (%-}
in.) broad, crowded, distinct, pale yellowish-ri i fescent.

Gregarious, compact, handsome. Odour strong, pleasant, almost like that
of burnt sugar, not of new meal. The pileus becomes broken into squamules
when dry. There is a variety with a shorter stem.

In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Oct.

The gills are often irregular in their attachment. Very poisonous ; produc-
ing headache, swimming of the brain, stomach pains, vomiting, &c. Worth-
ington Smith, who first experimented with it, ate about y oz., which very
nearly proved fatal. Spores 9 mk. W.G.S. Name sinuatus, waved. From
the form of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 268. Hym. Eur. p. 189. C. Hbk.
n. 247. Illust. PL 310. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 238. A. sinuosus Saund. & Sm.
t. ii.

419. A. lividus Bull. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad,
livid-tan, becoming pale, fleshy, somewhat compact at the disc,
convex then plane, somewhat gibbous, dry, even, smooth, but as
it were longitudinally fibrillose from the pellicle being fissile, equal
(not repand). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and
more thick, somewhat hollow, or stuffed with a spongy pith, stout,
equal, not fibrillose but slightly striate,_firtii?20se at the apex, exter-
nally rigid, internally spongy, shining white. Gills rounded,
somewhat free, scarcely crowded, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad,
attenuated in front, whitish then flesh-colour.

Odour mealy, but often obsolete. Allied to A. sinuatus, but sufficiently
distinct.

In woods. East Dereham, Norfolk. Oct.

According to Quelet it is very poisonous. Name lividus, livid colour.
Bull. t. 382. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 269. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Icon. t. 90. f. 3.
B. & Br. n. 1935. C. Illust. PL 311. Quel. t. 6. f. i. Var. roseus Berk. C.
Illust. PL 469.

420. A. prunuloides Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
whitish, becoming yellow or livid, fleshy, campanulate then con-

HYPORHODII. 193

vex, at length flattened, somewhat umbonate, unequal (but not Entoloma.
repand), even, viscid, smooth, at length longitudinally rimose, at
length slightly striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long,
6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, fibrous-fleshy, solid, equal, even or
slightly striate, smooth, naked, white. Gills somewhat free,
emarginate, rarely rounded, at the first only slightly adnexed, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crowded, ventricose, white then flesh-colour.

Odour strong of new meal, wholly that of A. prunulus. Very scattered in
growth. Like A. lividus but very different, thrice as small. It differs entirely
from A. cervinus.

On the ground in woods. Uncommon. Autumn.

Spores regularly 6-angled or one angle more marked, 8 mk. B.; 9 mk. W.P.
Name like A. prumdus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 269. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 189.
Icon. t. 91. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 248. Illust. PL 312. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 239.

421. A. repandus Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad,
'whitish or ochraceous, striate 'with darker spots, fleshy, conical
then expanded, umbonate, somewhat silky when dry, the incurved
margin lobed. Stem curt, 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.)
thick, solid, silky, white. Gills broader in front, flesh-colour.

Odour of new meal. Vernal according to Bulliard.
Among grass. Rare. Sept.

Spores irregular, stellate, studded with very large processes, 11x6 mk. and
large urn-shaped cystidia. B. & Br. Fries formerly referred Bulliard's figure
to A. repandus Fr. , which is A.fibrosus Sow., a species of Inocybe. Berke-
ley is still of his original opinion that Bulliard's plant is a true Entoloma,
Name repandus, bent backwards. From its form. Bull. t. 423. f. 2. Fr.
Hvm. Eur. p. 190. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 78. Out. p. 143. B. 6 Br. n. 676*.
C.Hbk.n.2$i. Illust. PL 313.

422. A. placenta Batsch. Pileus 4 cent. (iX in.) broad, brown,
fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular, even, smooth,
moist when damp ; flesh thin, becoming pale. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal,

fibrilloso-striate, brown. Gills emarginato- adnexed, crowded,
rather thick, whitish then pallid flesh-colour.

Solitary, inodorous, taste at length acrid. Stem contorted according to
Batsch.

In hedgerows, c. Rare. April-Oct.

Name placenta, a flat cake. Batsch f. 18. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hym.
Eur. p. 190. Berk. Out. p. 143. B. &= Br. n. 789, 1413*. C. Hbk. n. 249.
5. Mycol. Scot. n. 240.

423. A. helodes Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,

N

194 AGARICUS.

Entoloma. varying cinereous, fuliginous and at the same time becoming purple,
slightly fleshy, fragile, rather plane, tough, umbonate, often de-
pressed round the umbo, even when moist, smooth, but often as
if variegated with tiger-spots, the spreading margin sometimes
slightly striate; flesh thin, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fragile, hollow, rarely stuffed, equal or slightly
thickened at the base, cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid ciner-
eous. Gills obtusely adnate (in no wise decurrent with a tooth), or
slightly sinuate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, distinct, somewhat distant,
quaternate, white then flesh-colour.

Pileus becoming [pale when old, but not hygrophanous. Odour of new
meal, taste watery.

On heathy pastures. Coed Coch.

Name e'Aos, marsh. Growing in marshy places. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270.
Hym. Eur. p. 191. B. &= Br. n. 790. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 250.
Illust. PI. 339. Var. PI. 373.

424. A. Batschianus Fr. Pileus 1-4 cent. (X~ J X in O broad,
dark fusco2is, or fuliginous-black, viscid, shining when dry, not
hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, at first slightly convex, scarcely
umbonate, then depressed, even, smooth, margin at first mani-
festly involute ; flesh of the same colour, white when dry. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, mod-
erately tough, but not cartilaginous, wholly fibrous, equal or
slightly attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with adpressed
fibrils, grey. Gills narrowed behind, but wholly adnexed at the
apex, plane, crowded when young, when full grown somewhat
distant, dingy whitish then cinereous or fuliginous.

Odour obsolete. The spores are of a beautiful rose-colour, so that it is most
certainly different from A. (Colly.) murinus.

On the ground. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct.

Spores rather irregular, 9 mk. B. & Br. Name from Batsch who first
figured the species as A. murinus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hym. Eur. p. 191.
B. &= Br. 1936. Illust. PI. 326. A. murinus Batsch f. 19 may be referred to
this and to A. murinus alike.

425. A. Bloxami Berk. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad,
blackish -blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse, somewhat
lobed, moist, slightly silky ; flesh very thick in the centre, white.
Stem 4 cent. (\ l /> in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, solid, slightly
attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base, of the same colour as the
pileus. Gills attenuated behind or slightly adnexed, moderately
broad, pale pink.

In open exposed pastures. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov.

HYPORHODII. 195

Spores irregular, subglobose, with a large globose nucleus. B. 6 Br. ; Entoloma.
very brilliant pink orange, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name after Rev. A. Bloxam.
B. &> Br. n. 677. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 252. Illust. PL 327. S.
MycoL Scot. n. 241. Price f. 89. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 191.

426. A. ardosiacus Bull. Pileus 4-5 cent, (i^- 2 in -) broad,
steel-blue-fuscous, becoming blackish when young, becoming ciner-
eous when older, but not truly hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cam-
panulate then convex, obtuse, even, smooth, moist. Stem com-
monly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose
or hollow, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth but easily splitting
into fibres, remarkably steel-blue, white at the base. Gills free,
broad, ventricose, but attenuated behind, crowded, white or grey
then flesh-colour.

Inodorous. Pileus at length depressed. Stature very variable. It has
occurred with the stem only 4 cent. (iK i n -) l n &. little exceeding 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick, and the pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad.

In moist meadows.

A doubtful native, introduced on the authority of Sibthorpe. M.J.B. Spores
pretty regularly 5-7 angled, 6-8 mk. Z?.; globose, irregular, 8 mk. Q. Name
ardosia (low Latin), a slate. Slate-coloured. Bull. t. 348. Fr. Monogr. ii.
p. 295. Hym. Eur. p. 191. Icon. t. 94. /. 4. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n.
253. Illust. PI. 328.

427. A. ameides B. & Br. Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (1-2^ in.)
broad, pale reddish-grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, thin,
gibbous, polished in the centre ; margin white-flocculent, at length
smooth, silky-shining, undulated. Stem stuffed, compressed, white-
villous at the base, striate and fibrillose upwards, flocculent at the
apex. Gills distant, slightly adnexed, wrinkled.

Varying from hemispherical in smaller specimens to campanulate. Smell
peculiar, resembling a mixture of orange-flower water and starch. The whole
plant acquires a reddish tint in drying. Large specimens at first sight closely
resemble Hygrophorus ovinus.

In pastures. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire, 1863. Sept.

Spores irregular. Name starch-scented. B. & Br. n. 999. C. Hbk. n.
255. Illust. PL 341. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 192.

II. LEPTONIDEI.

428. A. Saundersii Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate then ex-
panded, obtuse, repando-lobed, adpressedly toinentose. Stem 7.5
cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (> in.) thick, solid, equal, silky-fibrous,
white. Gills slightly adnexed, broad, distant, reddish.

196 AGARICUS.

Entoloma. Not hygrophanous ; widely removed from A. majalis ; rather allied to A.

sinuatus, A. prunuloides, or A.fertilis. Pileus sprinkled with atoms of soil.

On naked ground, and river sand. Rare. June.

Name after W. W. Saunders. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 192. S. Mycol. Scot.
Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 30. C. lllust. PI. 306. A. majalis Saund. & Sm.
t. 46.

429. A. fertilis Berk. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad,
pinkish-buff, fleshy, obtuse, dry, smooth, pulverulento-squamulose.
Stem fibrillose, somewhat squamulose, somewhat bulbous. Gills
adnexed, flesh-colour.

Smell like that of new meal. Exactly the plant of Bulliard.
In woods. Rare. Autumn.

Name -fertilis, prolific. Berk. Out. p. 142. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 193. C.
lllust. PL 316. A. phonospermus Bull. t. 590, 547. f. i.

430. A. jubatus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 i n -) an d more
broad, mouse-colour, not hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, cam-
panulate then expanded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly
and fibrillose on the cuticle; flesh thin, of the same colour as the
pileus, and easily scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile, hollow,
equal, becoming fuscous, and clothed with fuliginous fibrils.
Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating,
crowded, ventricose, at first dark fuliginous (not fuscous-grey),
then becoming beautifully purple-fuliginous.

Very distinguished ; not nearly allied to any. Inodorous.
In old pastures and mossy places. Uncommon. July-Oct.

According to Worthington Smith it grows in dense clusters, but I have
never seen more than two or three growing together. Spores extremely ir-
regular, 7x11 mk. W.G.S. ; 10-12 mk. Q. Name jubatus, maned or
crested. From the fibrillose pileus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 272. Hym. Eur. p.
193. Icon. t. 92. f. i. B. dA Br. n. 1224. C. Hbk. n. 256. lllust. PL 317.
i". Mycol. Scot. n. 242.

431. A. resutus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, becom-
ing fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat obtuse,
never umbilicate, the whole densely floccoso-scaly, sometimes
with darker adpressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitu-
dinally fibrillose. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>-2 in.) and more long,
2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, wholly fibrous, soft, stuffed, at
length hollow, equal, externally polished, smooth, slightly striate,
somewhat grey. Gills adnexed, very ventricose, almost free, 4
mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat plane, rather crowded, rather thick,
grey, at the first darker.

HYPORHODII. 197

Inodorous. The disc is darker as in Leptonice. The gills are reddish with Entoloma.
the spores (never becoming purple).

In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct.

Name resutus, ripped open, unstitched. From its longitudinally fibril-
lose appearance. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 273. Hym. Etir. p. 193. Icon. t. 92.
/. 2. B. & Br. n. 1414. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 243. C. Illust. PL 318. a.

432. A. griseo-cyaneus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
grey or inclining to lilac, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cam-
pamdate then convex, obtuse, never depressed, wholly floccoso-
scaly. Stem 4 cent. (\]/ 2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in
no wise cartilaginous, but wholly fibrous, hollow, externally floc-
coso-fibrillose, pallid then becoming azure-blue, sometimes wholly
white. Gills adnexed, separating-free, ventricose, whitish then
flesh-colour.

White when young. In habit and colours it approaches the LeptonicB and
often grows along with these, but it is wholly soft, and sufficiently distinct
from its fibrous stem.

In pastures and open woods. Rare. Oct.

Spores irregular, full of angles, 8-10 mk. K. Name griseus, grey ; cyaneus,
dark blue. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 274. Hvm. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 94. f. i.
B. & Br. n. 1113. C. Hbk. n. 257. Illust. PL 318. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
244.

433. A. sericellus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (j in.) or little more
broad, white or becoming yellow-white, somewhat fleshy, convex
then plane, obtuse, and at length depressed, often unequal, dry,
even, silky, at length becoming smooth, but often squamulose,
the margin, which is at the first inflexed, floccose ; flesh thin,
white, continuous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, somewhat Jistulose, waxy rather than fibrous, equal, fibril-
lose, white then becoming pale, at length somewhat polished,
smooth. Gills at first adnate, even decurrent with a tooth, then
separating and somewhat emarginate, very broad, slightly dis-
tant, white then flesh-colour.

Gregarious, small, thin, inodorous, changeable in its characters, but not in
its habit. Most distinct and not allied to any other. A. sericeus Pers.
(not Bull.) differs in its larger stature, its somewhat bulbous stem, its campan-
ulate pileus, and crowded gills.

In woods, and grassy banks. Frequent. July-Oct.

According to Berkeley the stem is never fistulose, but I have found it some-
what fistulose as described by Fries. Spores irregular, full of angles, hyaline,
8-10 or lo-n x8 mk. K. Name sericeus, silky. Slightly silky. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 274. Hym. Eur. p. 194. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 258. Illust.
PL 307. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 245. Quel. t. $./. 5. A. inodorus Bull. t. 524.

/. 2.

198 AGARICUS.

Entoloma. 434. A. Thompson! B. & Br. Pileus 3 to nearly 5 cent. (iX~
2 in.) broad, grey tomentose, plane, adorned with raised radiating
ribs which form reticulations in the centre. Stem 4 cent. (iX i n -)
long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fibrillose, tomentose, paler than
the pileus. Gills broad, flesh-colour.

The structure seems entirely peculiar to this species, for the ribs are not
like those of A. phlebophorus.

Among grass in plantation. West Farleigh.

Name after Dr Thompson. B. & Br. n. 1523. C. Illust. PL 374.

III. NOLANIDEI.

435. A. clypeatus Linn. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, lurid when moist, when dry grey and variegated or streaked
with darker spots or lines, fleshy, campanulate then flattened,
umbonate, smooth, fragile ; flesh thin, white when dry. Stem
almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick,
stuffed, at length hollow, wholly fibrous, equal, round, fragile,
longitudinally fibrillose, becoming cinereous, pulverulent at the
very apex. Gills rounded-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4
lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat distant, dingy, then red-pulver-
ulent with the spores, serrulated at the edge chiefly behind.

It has occurred in May caespitose ; better developed and solitary in the end
of August.

In woods, gardens, and waste places. Frequent. Spring,
Autumn.

Name clypeus, a shield. From its shape. Linn. Suec. n. 1216. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 275. Hym. Eur. p. 194. Berk. Out. p. 144. t. 7. f. 6 (small).
C. Hbk. n. 259. Illust. PI. 319. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 246. Hussey t. 42. A.
phonospermus Bull. t. 544. Bolt. t. 69. Buxb. c. 4. t. 6.

436. A. rhodopolius Fr. Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad,
hygrophanous, when moist fuscous (young) or livid, becoming
pale (when full grown), when dry isdbellme-livid, silky-shining,
slightly fleshy, campanulate when young, then expanded and
somewhat umbonate or gibbous, at length rather plane and some-
times depressed, fibrillose when young, smooth when full grown,
margin at the first bent inwards and when larger undulated ;
flesh white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.)
thick, hollow, equal when smaller, when larger attenuated up-
wards and white-pruinate at the apex, otherwise smooth, slightly
striate, white. Gills adnate then separating, somewhat sinuate,
slightly distant, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white then rose-colour.

HYPORHODII. 199

Fragile, commonly large and often handsome, almost inodorous. Entoloma.

In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Smell like that of new meal. M.J.B. Spores irregular, angled, 6-10 mk.
K. ; pretty regularly 6-angled, 8-10x6-8 mk. B. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Name
poSov, rose ; TroAto?, grey. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 275. Hym. Eur. p. 195. Berk.
Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. n. 260. Illi/st. PI. 342. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 247.
Bolt. t. 6. Fl. Dan. t. 1736. Krombh. t. 55.7. 17-22.

437. A. majalis Fr. Pileus when flattened 4-6 cent. (1^-2^
in.) broad, somewhat cinnamon, ochraceous-pale yellow when dry,
fleshy-membranaceous, scissile, campanulate then convex, some-
what umbonate, somewhat fragile, smooth, even ; at the margin
repand, easily rimoso-incised. Stems 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, often connate at the base,yfo/#/<?^, some-
what compressed, twisted, striate, somewhat fibrillose, whitish;
slightly thickened at the base, white-tomentose. Gills free, in
groups of 4-12, ventricosc, crowded, crenate, pallid, flesh-coloured
with the rosy spores.

The pileus is so thin that in moist specimens it appears as if variegated
with darker striae from the translucent gills. Caespitose, slender. There is a
variety, softer, paler in colour, appearing in summer, which resembles Sow. t.
174.

In meadows and open woods. Rare. April-May.

Name Ma jus (mcnsis Mains) the month of May. From the time of its
appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 276. Hvm. Ezir. p. 196. Icon. t. 94.7. 2.
B. & Br. n. 998. C. Hbk. ?i. 261. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 248.

438. A. Wynne! B. & Br. Pileus fuliginous, at first plane,
velvety, then convex, squamulose, hygrophanous ; margin striate,
often undulated. Stem fuliginous - azure - blue, compressed,
cottony at the base. Gills broad, transversely ribbed, pallid,
crenulate at the margin.

Odour of bugs. Allied to A. costatus with which it agrees in size.

In fir woods. Coed Coch, 1872. Sept.

Name after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. & Br. n. 1342. C. Illust. PL 329.

439. A. costatus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, hy-
grophanous, fuscous- livid, becoming pale when dry, or shin-
ing black when scorched by the sun, fleshy - membranaceous,
convexo-bullate, undulated and irregularly shaped, at length
rather plane, more or less umbilicate, smooth, margin at first bent
inwards ; flesh very thin, scissile, of the same colour as the pileus.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, irregu-
larly shaped, often compressed, somewhat striate, grey, white-

200 AGARICUS.

Entoloma. mealy at the apex. Gills somewhat free, very broad, transversely
veined with raised ribs, undulated, but not serrated, pallid then
flesh-colour.

Commonly forming large crowded clusters, very fragile, hence the irregu-
larity of the stem. Allied to A. sericeus, but inodorous.

In grassy pastures. Common. Oct.

Readily distinguished by the gills. B. & Br. Spores irregular, subglobose,
with a globular nucleus. B. & Br. ; 12-14x8-10 mk. B. Name costa, a
rib. From the ribbed gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 277. Hym. Eur. p. 196.
Berk, Out, p. 145. B, dr= Br. n. 679. C, Hbk. n. 262. Illust. PL 320. a.

440. A. sericeus Bull. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad,
hygrophanous, umber, becoming pale with a silky appearance
when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex then plane, obtuse, some-
what repand, even, smooth ; margin at the first involute, striate ;
flesh very thin, scissile, umber. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fibroso-fissile, fistulose> equal or thick-
ened M\waxd& t fibrillose t grey. Gills emarginate, slightly adnexed,
horizontal, equally attenuated from the stem to the margin (not
ventricose), grey then rufescent, even at the sides.

Gregarious, small but slightly firm, with a strong odour of new meal, by
which it is readily distinguished from A, pascuus, and other somewhat similar
species. It is distinguished from A. pascuus besides by the form and involute
margin of the pileus, and by the gills being quite entire and attenuated from
the stem towards the margin.

In meadows and open woods. Frequent. May-Oct.

Spores 5-7 angled, 10 x 7-8 mk. B. Name sericeus, silky. Bull. t. 413.
/. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 277. Hym. Eur. p. 196. Berk. Out. p. 145. C.
Hbk. n. 263. Illust. PL 320. b, S. My col. Scot. n. 249.

441. A. Persoonianus Phil. & Plow. Pileus 12 mm. (y z in.)
broad, shining white, then becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, very
fragile, convex, obtusely umbonate, silky-shining. Stem rather
long, somewhat bulbous and solid at the base, otherwise hollow,
comparatively thin, 5 mm. (2% lin-) thick, piloso-squamulose on
the surface. Gills somewhat adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
broad, obovate or broader towards the apex, red-flesh-colour, but
rendered darker when the spores are mature.

The bulb in our plant is much more decided than in Persoon's fig., having a
distinct abrupt margin, and the pileus is not so fleshy. The large angular
spores are as wide as the basidia, and the hymenium abounds with large
cystidia.

On the ground in grassy places. East Dereham, &c. Feb.-
Oct.

HYPORHODII. 201

Spores, including the angles, .015 mm. Phil. & Plow. ; 10 x 13 mk. B. & Entoloma.
Br. Name from Persoon. Phil. & Plow. Card. Chron. 1881, p. 874. C.
Illust. PL 315. A. Persoonii Du Port, Grevillea, vol. x. p. 42. A. bul-
bigenus B. &> Br. n. 1937. A. sericeus Pers. Icon. & descr. t. 6. f. 2.

442. A. nidorosus Fr. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, fawn-cinereous when fresh, livid when dry, somewhat
membranaceous (composed of two thin plates), convex then
expanded, and at length often concave and irregularly shaped,
rimose, very fragile, wholly smooth, but silky shining when dry.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed,
almost solid, wholly equal, smooth, even, becoming pale-white,
white-pruinose at the apex. Gills emarginato-free, broad (6 mm.,
3 lin., and more), at length distant, fragile, pallid then flesh-
colour, sometimes undulato-flexuous.

Fragile, with a strong alkaline smell, but it also occurs inodorous. Much
thinner than A. rhodopolius, which is somewhat like it.

On lawns, and in open woods. Common. Aug.-Sept.

Spores elliptic. M.J.B. ; irregular, full of angles, 7-10 mk. K. ; 8-10x7-8
mk. B. ; 8 mk. W.G.S. Name nidor, smell. Strong-smelling. Fr. Monogr.
\. p. 278. Hym. Eur. p. 196. Icon. t. 94. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 145. C. Hbk.
11. 264. Illust. PI. 321. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 250.

443. A. speculum Fr. Pileus when moist watery or straw-
white, silvery when dry, in either state shining and ivithotit a silky
appearance, hygrophanous, almost membranaceous or composed
of two scissile membranes, pellucid when moist, at first convex,
soon flattened and depressed, but the disc is also obtusely and
obsoletely umbonate, even, very smooth, margin thin, bent in-
wards, flexuous, pellucid-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, smooth, round when young,
then compressed, shining. Gills slightly adnexed, broadly
emarginate near the stem, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, very ventri-
cose, flaccid, the shorter ones narrower, white then flesh-colour,
the edge, which is quite entire, becoming fuscous.

Very fragile, inodorous, becoming wholly pale-white. Primary form some-
what caespitose, thinner, pileus repand, obtuse; another solitary, firmer,
pileus regular, depressed round the obtuse umbo.

On the ground among grass, &c. Coed Coch, iSSi, &c. Oct.

Spores irregular, 13 mk. B. 6 Br. Name speculum, a mirror. From its
shining appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 278. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Icon. t. 95.
/ 2. B. & Br. n. 1938. C. Illust. PI. 308. Baft. t. 20. / D F.

202

AGARICUS.

ciitopiius. Subgenus XIV. CLITOPILUS (K\ITOS = K\ITVS, a declivity ;
TT?AOS, a cap). Fr. Epicr. p. 148. Rosy-spored. Stem fleshy or

fibrous, diffused upwards into the pi-
leus, the margin of which is at first
involute. Hymenophore continuous
with the stem; gills equally attenuated
behind and somewhat decurrent, not
separating or sinuate. Growing on
the ground, often strong-smelling, pi-
letis more or less depressed or umbil-
icate, with a similarly coloured um-
bilicus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 197.

Ciitopiius corresponds with Clito-
cybe, and differs from Entoloma as
Clitocybe differs from Tricholoma.

I. Orcelli (A. Orcella). Gills deeply decur-

XV. Agaricus (Ciitopiius) prunu- re nt. Pileus irregular, somewhat excentric,
his. One-third natural size. flexuous, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at

first fiocculose.

II. Sericelli (slightly silky). Pileus regular, silky or hygrophanous-silky,
margin involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent.

I. ORCELLI.

444. A. prunulus Scop. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad,
white or more rarely becoming cinereous, truly fleshy, compact,
convex then flattened, and at length depressed and repand or
unequal, delicately pruinate, hence the surface is unpolished and
dry; flesh thick, white, unchangeable. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
and more long, about 12 mm. (^ in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat
ventricose, naked, often striate, white, villous at the base. Gills
deeply decurrent, attenuated at both ends and chiefly behind,
somewhat distant, quite entire, white then flesh-colour.

The pileus is always firm, never viscid, and not zoned or spotted. The gills
are less crowded than those of A. Orcella. Odour pleasant, of new meal.
There is a white variety (Quel. t. 5. /. 3 and Orcella/. 2), which forms a
connecting link with A. Orcella. A. prunulus Viviani t. 3 represents A.
graveolens.

In woods and open ground. Common. July-Oct.

It has been reckoned among the most delicious of edible species, and it has
the advantage of appearing early in the season. It may also be dried and
preserved for future use. It is easily distinguished by the pure pink gills run-
ning a considerable way down the stem, and by its fragrant scent of fresh
meal. It never appears anywhere in profusion. Spores 10-16x6 mk. K.;
12-14x4-6 mk. B. ; nx6mk. W.G.S. Name prumis, plum. Scop. Carn.
ii. p. 437. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 279. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 19.

HYPORHODII. 203

Berk. Out. p. 145. /. 7. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust. PL 322. 5. MycoL Clitopilus.
Scot. n. 251. Hussey ii. /. 47. A. albellus Schceff. t. 78. A. pallidus Sow. t.
143. A. Sowerbei Krombh. t. 55. /. 7, 8.

* A. Orcella Bull. Pileus becoming yellow-white, fleshy, soft,
piano-depressed, at the first irregular, slightly silky, somewhat
viscid when moist. Stem curt, solid, flocculose, thickened upwards.
Gills deeply decurrent, crowded, whitish-flesh-colour.

It differs from A. priimilus, but not in habit and structure. Commonly
smaller ; pileus thinner, often spotted and zoned, margin at length undulato-
lobed ; the softer flesh unchangeable. Stem often excentric. Gills more
crowded. Odour wholly that of A. prunulus ; growing in troops.

In open grassy ground. Frequent. July-Oct.

Its lobed and undulated pileus makes it resemble Cantharellus cibarius in
outline. Edible and delicate in flavour. Spores 9x4 mk. W.G.S. Bull. t.
573- / J ' 59 r - J' r - Hym. Eur. p. 197. Monogr. \. p. 280. Sverig. alt. Sv.
t. 20. Worth. Sm. Trans. Woolh. Club, 1869, Jig. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust.
PL 323. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 252. Badh. i. t. 13. ii. t. ii.f. 1-2. Vittad. t. 12.
f. 2. Ventur. t. 14. /. 1-3. A. obesus Batschf. 216. Batt. t. 39. A. B. ?

445. A. mundulus Lasch. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
becoming pale-white, then spotted cinereous, at length becoming
black, fleshy, thin; when young convex and somewhat gibbous
with an involute margin, floccoso-soft, soon flattened and depressed,
unequal, repand and often excentric, even or rivulose ; flesh soft,
white. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick,
stuffed, somewhat equal, floccoso-villous then becoming smooth,
white-villous at the base, at length becoming black internally.
Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin, with many
shortened ones intermixed, pallid.

Closely related to A. prunulus, but most evidently distinct. When young
slightly tough. Odour obsolete ; taste bitter, by which it is well distinguished
from A. prunulus, c. In var. nigrescens the whole flesh becomes black.
Lasch n. 521.

In woods among leaves. Uncommon.

Spores 8-11x4-5 m k. B. Name mundus, neat, elegant. Lasch n. 518.
Fr. Monogr. i. /. 280. Hym. Eur. p. 198. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n.
267. Illust. PL 375. A. S. MycoL Scot. n. 253. A. alutaceus Batschf.
119. Battar. t. i6./ F.

446. A. popinalis Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 i n -) broad, cin-
ereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots, slightly fleshy,
flaccid, convex then depressed, somewhat repand, smooth, opaque;
flesh whitish-grey, unchangeable. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)
long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, often flexuous, naked,
paler than the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, broader than the
flesh of the pileus, lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at length red-
dish with the spores.

204 AGARICUS.

Clitopilus. Solitary or gregarious, with a pleasant smell of new meal.
On downs. Worthing, 1865. Oct.

A curious species, probably esculent. B. 6* Br. Name popina, a cook-
shop. Referring to its edible qualities. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 280. Hym. Eur.
p. 198. Icon. t. 96. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1114. C. Hbk. n. 268. lllust. PL
485.

447. A. undatus Fr. Pileus about 4 cent. (i l / 2 in.) broad,
fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale (not hygrophanous) and
slightly silky-opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, fragile, deeply um-
bilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, unequal, undulated, without
striae. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, often very short, al-
most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, entirely fibrous, hollow, unequal, com-
pressed, somewhat attenuated at the base and covered downwards
with whitish pubescence. Gills deeply decurrent, not crowded,
distinct, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, quite entire, dark cinereous.

Pileus often somewhat zoned. Odour none. A most distinct species, with
the rubiginous spores of Claudopus.

In open downs. Batheaston, &c. Oct.

Spores subsphasroid, irregular, subhyaline, 6-8 mk. K. ; 6 mk. W.G.S. ;
polygonal, 13 mk. Q. Name undo, to swell in waves. Waved. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 281. Hym. Eur. p. 199. Icon. t. 96. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1000.
C. Hbk. n. 269. lllust. PI. 486. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22.

448. A. cancrinus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish-
tan or wholly white, becoming pale, not hygrophanous, slightly
fleshy, somewhat membranaceous, at first convex with the margin
involute, then rather plane, very irregularly shaped and at length
broken into cracks, without striae, rather smooth, but without
a cuticle, and therefore becoming flocculoso-even, never slightly
viscid or zoned ; flesh not scissile, white, hyaline at the gills.
Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
white, stuffed or fistulose, sometimes straight, sometimes ascend-
ing, round or compressed, equal or when smaller thickened at the
apex, smooth. Gills truly decurrent, distant, distinct, broader
near the stem, 3 mm. (i> l m -) broad, rather thick, arcuate when
young, straight when the pileus is flattened, white then flesh-
colour.

Inodorous, with the habit of A. sericellus. The white down (mycelium) at
the base gathers the soil into a ball.

In grass fields. Apethorpe. Aug.

Name cancer, a lattice, a network of crossed laths. From the chinky
appearance of the pileus when broken into cracks. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 281.
Hym. Eur. p. 199. Icon. t. 95. /. 4. B. 6* Br. ?i. 1115. C. Hbk. ?i. 270.
lllust. PL 501.

HYPORHODII. 205

449. A. cretatus B. & Br. Pileus 6-18 mm. (%-# in.) broad, Ciuopiius.
of a dead white, but shining, membranaceous, at first convex

then umbilicate, not striate, margin involute. Stem very short,
a few lines long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, often curved at the base
and sometimes thickened, tomentose especially below, white.
Gills very decurrent, narrow, rose-colour.

Mycelium white, floccose. Single or gregarious. Closely allied to A. prun-
ulus, but apparently constant.

On naked soil in woods and pastures. Uncommon.

Spores 7x3 mk. IF./ 3 . Name creta, chalk. Chalky-white. B. 6= Br.
n. 903. C. Hbk. n. 266. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 199. C. Illust. PL 375. B.

II. SERICELLI.

450. A. carneo-albus With. White. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, even, slightly
silky, somewhat disc-shaped. Stem stuffed, hollow, unequal,

fibroso-striate. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat distant,
white then flesh-colour.

Disc at length depressed, rufescent. Inodorous, gregarious.

In heathy places. Rare. Sept.

Pileus white, polished, centre rather depressed, edge turned down, about
an inch over ; stem solid, white, cylindrical, about an inch high, thick as a
crow-quill ; gills decurrent, salmon-coloured, mostly in pairs, narrow, not
crowded. With. Spores angled. Fr. ; 7 mk. W.P. Name caro, flesh;
albus, white. With. iv. /. 170. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 200. Monogr. i. /. 282.
Kalchbr. Hung. t. i2./. 2. 'Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 69. C. Illust. PL 324. a.

451. A. vilis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey, some-
what membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, soft, when dry silky-
fibrillose, opaque. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
or a little more thick, fistulose, equal, somewhat tough, but fib-
roso-fissile, of the same colour as the pileus, fibrilloso-striate (not,
however, flocculoso-fibrillose), white-villous at the base. Gills
piano- decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth, in no wise
sinuate, nearly triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond
the margin of the pileus, whitish.

Habit almost that of A. pascuus, but the form is plainly different.

Among moss, &c. Leigh Down. Aug.

Name vilis, of small value. From its trivial appearance. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 282. Hym. Eur. p. 200. C. Illust. PL 487.

452. A. stilbo-cephalus B. & Br. Pileus campanulate, ob-
tuse, and sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous, when dry whitish,

2O6

AGARICUS.

Clitopilus. somewhat silky, sparkling, margin straight. Stem hollow, some-
what equal, undulato-fibrous, silky. Gills broad, adnate, and
sometimes emarginate behind, veined.

Ascot.

Name oriAj3a>, to glisten ; /ce^aA.^, head. From the sparkling pileus.
Br. n. 1758. C. Illnst. PL 324. b.

B. &>

Leptonia. Subgenus XV. LEPTONIA (A.rnfe, slender). Fr. Syst. Myc.
i. p. 201. Rosy-spored. Stem cartilaginous, tubular (the tube

stuffed or hollow), pjlished, somewhat
shining. Pileus thin, umbilicate or
with a darker disc, cuticle fibrillose or
separating into darker scales, margin
at first incurved. Gills at first adnexed
or adnate, but readily separating. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 201.

The Leptonice are related to the Clito-
pili as the Collybice are to the Clitocybce.
The species are small, elegant, brightly
coloured, inodorous (except A. inca-
nus), and abound in rainy weather.
Gregarious or growing in troops ; on
the ground, commonly on dry mossy
.., pastures, but also in marshy places.

A VI. Agaric-its (Leptonia) lam- J

Profits. One-half natural size. * Giu$ whitisht Pileus slightly fleshy,

without strias, not hygrophanous.
** Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue.
*** Gills becoming fuscous- or dark-purple.
**** Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green.
***** Gills grey or glaucous. Hygrophanous, pileus somewhat striate.

* Gills whitish, &c.

453. A. placidus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
broad, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse,
without striae, disc densely villous and blackish, otherwise at the
very first squamulose on the cinereous-whitish ground with fulig-
inous-black fibrils, sometimes at the first flocculose, becoming
grey -azure -blue, then with dark concentric scales on a white
ground. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
stuffed, equal, very rigid, smooth, but wkiie-pruinose and under a
lens black-dotted & the somewhat thickened apex, otherwise even,

HYPORHODII. 20y

smooth, dark azure-blue or black-blue. Gills annexed, very broad Leptonia.
behind, plane, crowded, whitish, edge of the same colour.

Variable. Commonly solitary. The form in which the pileus is variegated
with darker, here and there concentric scales is larger.

Around beech-trunks. Downton, 1880. Autumn.

, placid. Pleasing. Ft: Monogr. i. /. 284. Hym. Eur. p.
201. Icon. t. 97. /".i. C. Illust. PL 330.

454. A. lappula Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in -) broad, grey,
somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, convexo-plane, umbilicate, with-
out striae, at the first flocculoso-soft, when full grown roughish
with short erect fibrils, which become black, and which are crowded
towards the centre (rendering it darker), hence the grey pileus
appears black-dotted. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm.
(1-2 lin.) thick, very fistulose, equal, moderately tough, under a
lens striate and black-dotted upwards, fuscous-lilac or dark purple,
white-villous at the base. Gills at first adnate with a small tooth,
when full grown separating, plane, very broad (ovate in form),
crowded, distinct, quaternate, white-grey.

Inodorous.

Among beech-leaves. Forres. Autumn.

Name lappa, a bur. From the prickly pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 285.
Hym. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1225. S. Mycol. Scot. n.

254-

455. A. lampropus Fr. Pileus mouse -colour or steel-blue
then fuliginous-grey (changing colour but not hygrophanous),
somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded (not campanulate), obtuse
and at length depressed, \vhen young rather even (never striate)
then more or less squamulose. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i/4 in.) long,
rather thick, 4 mm. (2 lin.), fistulose, wholly cartilaginous, smooth,
even, not dotted, becoming azure-blue, commonly steel-blue-viola-
ceous. Gills adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose,
whitish then slightly rose-colour.

The pileus when fresh is opaque, continuous, neither umbilicate nor papil-
late. Very different from A. asprellus which may be easily taken for it ; in
A. asprellus the stem is slender, the membranaceous pileus hygrophanous,
striate when moist, the heterogeneous umbilicus darker, the gills grey. A.
glaucus Bull. t. 521 differs in habit, in the slender stem, the striate pileus, c.,
but it cannot be referred to any other. The colour is not glaucous.

In pastures. Common. July-Nov.

Spores irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-14x6-8 mk. B. Name Aa/x7rp6?, shining ;
TTOU?, foot. From the shining stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 285. Hym. Eiir. p.
202. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 275. Illust. PI. 331. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 255.

208 AGARICUS.

Leptonia. 456. A. aethiops Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 in-) broad, black
then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano -depressed, without striae,
streaked with fibrils, smooth however; shining. Stem 4-5 cent.
(iX~ 2 m O long, slender, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat
stuffed, smooth, fuscous-blackish, black-dotted upwards. Gills ad-
nexed or adnate, sometimes linear, sometimes ventricose, whitish,
edge which is of the same colour quite entire.

The pileus is not hygrophanous, but when young and dried is shining black.
It differs from A. lampropus in the pileus, which is at the first depressed, and
the stem being thinner, the former becoming smooth and shining, the latter
black-dotted. It differs from A. serridatus, to which it is certainly nearest,
in the absence of an umbilicus, and in the gills in no wise becoming dark-blue
and being quite entire and of the same colour at the edge.

In grassy places in woods. Killin, 1876, &c. Sept.

Spores irregularly 6-angled, 10-13 x 8 mk. B. Name AlOioty, an Ethiopian.
Black. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 286. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. f. 3. B. &
Br. n. 1649. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 256. C. Illust. PL 332. a.

457. A. solstitialis Fr. Pileus becoming fuscous, slightly
fleshy, at length depressed, papillate in the centre, slightly wrin-
kled, obsoletely innato -fibrillose. Stem somewhat fistulose,
smooth, not dotted, smoke-colour. Gills emarginate, broad, whit-
ish, of the same colour at the edge.

It differs from A. cethiops in its papillate, slightly wrinkled, fuscous pileus,
and its smoke-coloured, not dotted stem.

Among stones and on grassy ground. Loch Kinord, &c. Aug.-
Sept.

Spores very irregular, 6-angled, 12-18 x 6-8 mk. B. Name sohtitium.
From the summer solstice. Fr. Hym. Eztr. p. 202. Monogr. i. p. 286. B.
6-= Br. n. 1226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 257. C. Illust. PL 332. b. Kalchbr. t.

12. /. 3.

** Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue.

458. A. serrulatus Pers. Pileus at first blackish-blue (shin-
ing when dried), fuliginous when old, not hygrophanous, slightly
fleshy, convex, umbilicato-depressed, without striae, squamulose.
Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous,
somewhat fistulose, equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, black-
dotted at the apex, white-woolly at the base. Gills adnate, in
the form of a segment, broad in the middle, bluish-grey-whitish,
with a black serrulated edge, at length grey-flesh-colour.

The stem varies black, azure-blue, bluish-grey, glaucous, and grey. The
pileus is black and shining when scorched by the sun, but fuliginous and
slightly striate in moist weather. In damp groves it is paler and black-
streaked. There is a thinner variety with the stem smooth and grey-fuscous,

HYPORHODII. 209

the pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, slightly striate, fuligi- Leptonia.
nous then grey, the darker umbilicus scarcely fibrillose, and the gills paler, and
whitish at the base.

In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. July-Oct.

Spores subellipsoid-sphseroid, irregular, much angled, 9-10 x 7-8 mk. K. ;
10-12x6-8 mk. B. Name serrula, a saw. From the toothed edge of the
gills. Pers. Syn, i. 463. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 286. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk.
Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 276. Illust. PI. 333. S. MycoL Scot. n. 258.
Holmsk. Ot. 2. t. 38. Var. expallens. A. columbinus Bull. t. 413. f. i.

459. A. euchrous Pers. Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i
in.) broad, at first violaceous, at length purple-fuliginous, slightly
fleshy, convex, obtuse, without striae, squamuloso - fibrillose.
Stem about 4 cent. (i> m -) l n g> 2 mm - ( r li n -) thick, stuffed,
equal, smooth, naked, even (not dotted}, tough, dark viola-
ceous. Gills adnate, very ventricose, plane, dark violaceous, but
becoming pale, the edge which is quite entire retaining the darker
colour.

Solitary or gregarious, according to Persoon casspitose.
On trunks and stumps, alder, &c. Rare. Oct.

I have found several specimens growing together in a caespitose manner.
The colour is very fine, intense blue-violet with a tendency to deepen into
purplish violet. Spores very irregular, 5-6 angled, iox6-8mk. B. Name
eu, well; XPW' colour. Finely-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. n. 277. Illust. PI.
334. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 259. b. caespitosus B. & Br. n. 791.

460. A. chalybceus Pers. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
dark violaceous or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat
umbonate, without striae, at the first flocculose, then squamulose.
Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~ 2 m -) \ on S> 2 mm - ( T ^ n -) thick, cartilaginous,
stuffed, slightly firm, smooth, even (not black-dotted), dark blue.
Gills adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose, bluish-grey-whitish,
somewhat paler at the edge.

The habit is that of A. lampropus, but it is very different in its entire struc-
ture, its thin stem, and the colour of the pileus and gills.

In pastures. Frequent. July-Oct.

Name \aXvty, steel. From its steel-blue colour. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Ic.
pict. t. ^.f. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p.
147. C. Hbk. n. 278. Illust. PL 335. S. 'MycoL Scot. n. 260. Krombh. t.
2. f. n, 12. A. columbinus Sow. t. 161.

461. A. lazulinus Fr. Pileus becoming black -fuliginous,
somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded and ob-
tuse, striate, at first smooth, then more expanded and obsoletely

O

210 AGARICUS.

Leptonia. umbilicate, rimoso-squamulose. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose,
smooth, even, dark blue, white-woolly at the base. Gills adnate,
separating, pallid deep blue, equally attenuated from the stem to
the margin of the pileus, edge of the same colour.

Gregarious, fragile. Its stature approaches nearer to A. asprellus than to
A. chalybceus, with which it is often confounded : allied to Nolanece. There
are two remarkable forms, one with the pileus at first black blue, the other
date-brown-mouse-colour, with darker disc.

On the ground among grass. Aber, 1867. Sept.

Name from Lapis lazuli, ultramarine. From the colour of the stem. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 288. Hym. Eur. p. 203. B. 6 Br. n. 1227.

**** Gills pallid, &c.

462. A. incanus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.), variegated fuscous
and green, becoming cinereous when dry, somewhat membran-
aceous, fragile, convex then expanded, umbilicate, striate, smooth,
slightly silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, even, smooth,
green or fuscous-green, neither pruinose nor rough-dotted at the
apex. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separating,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad at the middle, plane, distant, 'whitish-
green, then flesh-colour.

The pileus is more rarely fibrillose at the disc. Gregarious. According to
Secretan the stem varies azure-blue.

In pastures. Frequent. July-Sept.

The stem often with beautiful verdigris-coloured down at the base. Smell
exactly like that of mice. M.J.B. Spores 8 mk. W.G.S.; oval. M.J.B.
Name incanus, grey, hoary. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 204.
Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 279. Illust. PL 336. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 261.
A. murinus Sow. t. 162.

463. A. formosus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow-
wax colour, sprinkled over with mhiiite fuscous squamules or
fibrils, somewhat membranaceous, slightly tough, convex then
plane, umbilicate, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, scarcely 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, somewhat fistulose, but internally
stuffed with soft white flocci, equal, even, smooth, shining, yellow.
Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, light
vellow-pallid, then flesh-colour, edge quite entire, of the same
colour.

The minute squamules on the pileus give it the appearance of being blown
upon with soot. Very much allied to A. asprellus.

Among Equisetum. Scarborough. Sept.

HYPORHODII. 211

, finely formed, handsome. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Leptonia.
Eur. p. 204. A. suavis Lasch n. 285 (var. stem becoming azure-blue). C.
Illust. PL 488.

464. A. chloropolius Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid,
black - squamulose in the centre, membranaceous, convex then
flattened (margin at first inflexed), striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, rigid,
smooth, bluish-grey-green. Gills adnate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
whitish, edge of the same colour.

Allied to A. asprellus, from which it differs only in the colour, which, how-
ever, is constant.

In grassy places. Cabalva, 1879. O ct -

Spores irregularly 6-angled, 12-14x6-8 mk. B. ; polygonal, 12 mk. Q.
Name x^ w Ps> pale green ; TroAio?, grey. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 297. Hym. Eur.
p. 205. C. Illust. PI. 337.

****** Gin s grey or glaucous,

465. A. asprellus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (\-i l / 2 in.) broad,
hygrophanous, at first fuliginous or mouse-colour, then livid-grey,
somewhat membranaceous, convex then flattened, the darker
umbilicus villous at length squamulose, marked with spots, striate,
sometimes (the disc excepted) smooth, sometimes fibrillose.
Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
cartilaginous, fistulose, thin, equal, tense and straight, even,
smooth, typically livid, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate,
separating-free, somewhat distant, plane, equally attenuated from
the stem towards the margin, whitish-grey, the edge, which is
quite entire, of the same colour.

The stem varies fuscous, green, and azure-blue. In some larger specimens
the pileus is squamulose throughout.

In open pastures and grassy places. Uncommon.

Name asper, rough. From the roughish pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289.
Hym. Eur. p. 205. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 280. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
262. Quel. p. 89. /. 6. f. 4.

466. A. nefrens Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygro-
phanous, fuliginous then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanulate
then flattened, striate, obsoletely fibrillose, with a deep darker
umbilicus and at length infundibuliform. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal, smooth, some-
what naked, fuscous-livid. Gills adnexed, separating, broad,
pallid grey, the edge slightly black but entire.

Pileus somewhat undulated. Certainly nearest to A. serrulatus in affinity.
It approaches A. serrulatus as A. asprellus approaches A. chalybosus.

2 I 2

AGARICUS.

Leptonia. In grassy places. Ascot.

Name ne, not ; frendo, to bite. From the edge of the gills being without
teeth. Contrasted with A. serrulatus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 290. Hym. Eur.
p. 205. B. & Br. n. 1759. Krombh. t. 2. /. 22 ?

Noianea. Subgenus XVI. NOLANEA (nola, a little bell). Fr. Syst. Myc.

i. p. 204. Rosy-spored. Stem fisttilose, the tube more rarely

stuffed with a pith, cartilaginous.
Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
campanulate, somewhat papillate, stri-
ate and sometimes even, sometimes
also clothed with flocci, margin
straight and at the first pressed to
the stem, and not involute. Gills free
or adfixed and not decurrent. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 206.

Noianea agrees with Leptonia and
Eccilia among the pink-spored spe-
cies. It corresponds with Mycena,
Galera, and Psathyra. Several En-
tolomata are nearly allied. The spe-

XVII. Agaricus (Noianea) pas-
citus. One-third natural size.

cies are thin and slender, commonly
inodorous and fragile, though some
of them are tough. Growing on the

ground in summer and autumn.

* Gills grey or fuscous. Pileus dark- coloured, hygrophanous.

** Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent.

*** ills shining white then rosy. Hygrophanous.

*** alls whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous.

* Gills grey or fuscous,

467. A. pascuus Pers. Pileus from scarcely 2.5 to 7.5 cent.
(1-3 in.) broad, fuliginous when moist, hoary or becoming pale
fawn when dry, membranaceous, somewhat acute, conical then
expanded, but not flattened, commonly umbonate, smooth, striate
when moist, even, silky-shining when dry. Stem commonly 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick (sometimes com-
pressed), fistulose, soft, equal, silky-fibrous or when more fully
grown fibrillose, striate, commonly pallid fuliginous. Gills very
much attenuated behind, almost free, thin, crowded, ventricose or
rather broader and obtuse towards the margin, grey or whitish -
fuliginous, sprinkled but not coloured with the rosy spores.

HYPORHODII. 213

Very protean and changeable. Always watery (moist) and very fragile, in- Nolanea.
odorous, of a dirty colour, nearest to A. sericeus. Easily distinguished from
others by its fibrous although slender and rigid stem. Colour various : fulig-
inous, fuscous, livid-isabelline, pallid-brick, &c. Among numerous forms the
following is to be noted, frequent in moist pine woods in summer : pileus com-
monly obtuse, striate, brick-colour then becoming pale ; stem long, slender,
7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.), tense and straight, longitudinally fibrillose ; gills almost
adnate, linear, narrow, ascending, crowded, pallid.

In pastures and open woods. Common. May-Nov.

Stem splitting into fibres. Spores irregular, angled, 7-11 mk. K. ; with 4
or 5 blunt angles, 8-12 mk. B. ; 6x 10 mk. II'. G.S. t^aanopasctftes, of pas-
ture. Pers. Comm. in Schceff. t. 229 (not Syn.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 292. Hym.
Eur. p. 206. Berk. Oiit. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 281. Illust. PL 376. S. My col.
Scot. n. 263. Buxb. C. 4. t. 21. /. i. Batt. t. 25. E. Bolt. t. 35.

468. A. Babingtonii Blox. Pileus scarcely 12 mm. ()4 in.)
broad, cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark-brown
subfasciculate fibres, which are free at one end, conico-campanu-
late ; disc subsquamulose, margin straight. Stem about 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, fistulose, clothed
with dark-brown down, substrigose. Gills adnate, ventricose,
distant, cinereous, darker at the base.

Gills glittering with little points, (the white antheridia). The form of the
spores is peculiar, resembling that of some Eunotia, oblong, ventricose on the
outer side, rather irregular, sometimes with a distinct septum.

In wood. Rare. Oct.-Nov.

Name after C. C. Babington. Blox.B. & Br. n. 680. PL xv./. i, 903*.
Berk. Out. p. 148. C. Hbk. n. 284. Illust. PL 377. a. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 207.

469. A. mammosus Linn. Pileus umber or fuliginous when
moist, isabelline-silky when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous,
conico - campanulate, papillate, rarely obtuse, striate, smooth.
Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, rigid, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, tense and straight,
slightly thickened and ivhite-mealy at the apex, otherwise pol-
ished, even, very smooth, fuliginous-livid. Gills adnexed, separ-
ating-free, ventricose, not crowded, but only slightly distant, grey,
then hoary-rose-colour.

Odour peculiar. At first sight it resembles A. sericeus, with which it was
joined by Bulliard (t. 526), but it is remarkably different. Often in company
with Hygrophorus conicus. It varies in woods with the stem compressed and
the gills pure rose-colour.

On lawns. Coed Coch, 1872, &c. Sept.

Spores irregular, angled, globose, 7-10 mk. K. ; mostly 5-angled, 12-14 x 8
mk. B. Name mamma, a breast. From its shape, and being papillate.
Linn. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 293. Hym. Etir. p. 207. Icon. t. 98. f. 4 (thinner
form). B. & Br. n. 1343. C. Illust. PL 377. b. S. MycoL Scot. Supp. Scot.
Nat. 1885, p. 22. Batschf. 5. Bull. t. 526 (under A. sericeus).

214 AGARICUS.

Noianea. 470. A. junceus Fr. Pileus not 2. 5 cent, (i in.) broad, fulig-
inous when fresh, livid when dry, hygrophanous, wholly mem-
branaceous, conical then campanulate, very obtuse or umbilicate
and somewhat squamulose at the disc, striate. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose,
slender, equal, round or compressed, even, smooth, fuscous, then
livid-fuscous. Gills ascending, adnexed, separating, somewhat
distant, oblong, grey.

Pileus becoming black and shining when scorched by the sun. Fragile, in-
odorous ; stature that of A.filopes. It varies in a singular manner with the
pileus papillate-cuspidate.

In wood. Caernarvonshire. Oct.

Spores pretty regularly 6-angled, often with one larger angle, 10-12 mk. B.
Na.mejuncus, a rush. Growing in rushy marshes. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 294.
Hym. Eur. p. 207. Icon. t. 99. /. 2. B. fir 1 Br. n. 1116. C. Hbk. n. 285.

471. A. fulvo-strigosus B. & Br. Pileus 18 mm. (% in.) broad,
12 mm. (Yz in.) high, grey, conical, slightly wrinkled. Stem 5
cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, furfuraceo-squamu-
lose, clothed at the base with rigid red hairs, and tinted with the
same colour above. Gills adnate, grey.

The peculiar character of the strigae separates this from all other species.
On the ground in wood. East Farleigh, 1876. Sept.

Spores 13x9 mk. B. 6 s Br. Namefulvus, tawny ; strigosus, strigose.
From the peculiar strigose stem. B. &= Br. n. 1650.

** Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent.

472. A. pisciodorus Ces. Pileus 1-4 cent. (%-i% in.) long,
tawny-cinnamon, somewhat membranaceous, conical then cam-
panulate, then convex, obsoletely umbonate, velvety -soft. Stem
5-6 cent. (2-2 > in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat fis-
tulose, tough, very thinly pruinate, chestnut-brown then becoming
black, paler at the apex, somewhat velvety. Gills slightly adnexed,
pale yellowish then flesh colour, at length slightly tawny.

Smell of rotten fish.

Among decayed leaves, &c. Frequent. Oct.

I have failed to detect any difference between this and A. cucumis. On ex-
amining many specimens of A. cucumis, growing together, so that they were
under exactly similar conditions of soil, 6tc., I found the spores shading from
brown to pink. The odour changed from being fishy at first to that of cucum-
ber as the plant dried. The colour, moreover, varied. Name -piscis, fish ;
odor, smell. Cesati in Crypt. Ital. \. p. 61. /. 3. /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
208. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. p. 214. C. lllust. PL 378. a.

- HYPORHODII. 215

473. A. rufo-carneus Berk. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, red- Noianea.
brown, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate,
indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose, margin striate. Stem 6 cent.

(2^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, incurved at the base
where it is slightly thickened, pale rufous, nearly white above,
smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Gills adnate, ventricose,
attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by veins,
rose-colour.

Taste rather bitter. Spores elliptic.

On grassy heaths. Frequent. Sept.

Name rufus, reddish ; caro, flesh. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 82. Out. p. 148.
C. Hbk. n. 282. Illust. PL 378. b. S. MycoL Scot. n. 264. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 208. Grez'illea, t. jj.f. 2.

474. A. icterinus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (>2-i in.) and more
broad, light yellow-green, more rarely yellowish-honey-colour,
becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membrana-
ceous, slightly firm, campanulate soon convex, even wholly reflexed,
but never umbilicate, pellucid-striate, smooth, opaque, slightly
silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, stuffed, rigid, mealy sometimes wholly sometimes at the
apex, of the same colour as the pileus, but sometimes fuscous.
Gills adnexed, separating, ventricose, distant, pallid, saffron-
yellow when rotting.

The pileus is sometimes here and there sprinkled with superficial flocci ;
when luxuriant it is undulated and changeable in form ; disc sometimes
obtuse, sometimes papillate, often fuscous and here and there fuscous-squam-
ulose. The stem is sometimes compressed and then 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. In
cultivated ground the gills vary free and decurrent, distinct and connected
by veins, even crisped and anastomosing.

In woods and gardens. Edensor. Oct.

Spores 10-12x8 mk. D. Name i/crepo?, jaundice. From its yellowish-
green colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 296. Hym. Eur. p. 209. Icon. t. 99. f. 4.
"B. & Br. n. 1415. C. Illust. PL 338.

*** Gills shining white then rosy. Hygrophanous.

475. A. piceus Kalchbr. Pileus pitch-black, umber when dry,
somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, papillate,
without stria?, smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat tough, short,
even, delicately pruinose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills
emarginate, decurrent with a small tooth, ventricose, somewhat
distant, white then flesh-colour.

Odour of cucumber or fishy. Manifestly allied to A. pisciodorus, but the
stem is only 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long.

2l6 AGARICUS.

Noianea. In grassy places. Holm Lacy, 1879.

Plowright has indicated the opinion (Card. Chron. Oct. 14, 1882) that A.
piceus and A. nigripes may be one, and that possibly both maybe identical
with A. cucumis and A. pisciodorus. Name pix, pitch. Pitch-black.
Kalchbr. Hung. Fung. t. 12. /. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 209. C. Illust. PL
379- a.

476. A. infula Fr. Pileus 1-4 cent. (J&-\y z in.) broad, fawn
or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry, shining in
either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical or campanulate, often
repand and irregularly formed when larger, centre at length
depressed, smooth, even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, some-
what fistulose, cartilaginous, very tough, striate, polished and
quite naked, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus, pubes-
cent with the mycelium at the base. Gills typically adnexed
and separating-free, thin, narrow, very much crowded, at the first
shining white, then bright rose-colour.

In stature and size it varies much like its allies, but differs remarkably from
all of them in its extraordinary toughness, its polished appearance, and in the
earliest colour of the gills being of a dazzling whiteness. Sometimes it is very
small, with the filiform stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes larger and
firmer (but always comparatively slender) 7.5 cent. (3 in.) It varies in the
insertion of the gills. Var. versiformis: smaller; pileus 12 mm. (y z in.)
broad, umbonate, convex then depressed, then papillate in the centre, slightly
but very densely striate, silky-shining when dry, sometimes infundibuliform,
the papilla, however, persistent. On burnt ground.

On lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.

Name infula, a fillet, or ornament. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 297. Hym. Eur. p.
209. Icon. t. 100. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1760. Buxb. C. 4. t. 28. /. 2.

#**# GUIs whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous.

477. A. verecundus Fr. Pileus watery reddish, but very
pallid, not changing colour when dry, somewhat membranaceous,
slightly fleshy at the disc, at first somewhat umbonate, then rather
obtuse (never depressed), obsoletely pellucid-striate to the middle
when damp, but wholly even at the disc, at first sight smooth, but
when more closely examined obsoletely silky towards the fio ecu-
lose margin. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~ 2 m -) l n g> 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.)
thick, slightly firm, somewhat fistulose, cartilaginous, but not
very rigid and when crushed splitting into fibrils, becoming pale,
mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, separating, rather thick, distant,
distinct, ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and
more broad, ascending-plane, whitish, watery.

Spores reddish. Densely gregarious or growing in troops. Scarcely allied
to any.

HYPORHODII. 2iy

Among short grass. Aber, 1867, &c. Sept. Noianea.

Name verecundus, modest. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 210.
Icon. t. 99. f. 5. B. & Br. n. 1228. C. Illust. PL 340. a.

478. A. coelestinus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (i% in.) broad, dark
azure-blue, streaked, not hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex,
obtuse, the rugged disc darker or blackish, striate, lax. Stem 4
cent. (\y 2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat fistu-
lose, attenuated upwards, white pruinate at the apex, otherwise
even and smooth, azure-blue-black. Gills adnate, ventricose,
very broad, hoary-white, edge of the same colour.

Spores slightly rosy. Remarkable. Its colour is the common colour of the
Leptonics, but its stature is wholly that of the Nolanete.

On wood. Stoke Pogis, 1872. Oct.

Name cesium, the sky. Azure-colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 298. Hym. Eur.
p. 210. Icon. t. zoo./. 2. B. & Br. u. 1416. C. Illust. PL 379. b.

479. A. rubidus Berk. Pileus 8 mm. ( l / 3 in.) broad, white or
greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, membranaceous, con-
vex, at length umbilicate, finely silky. Stem short, 3-4 mm.
(1^-2 lin.) long, thickest above, solid, minutely silky, white or
greyish. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with
frequently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes somewhat
decurrent, whitish then rose-colour.

Smell like that of new flour.

Among grass in a conservatory. Milton, 1836. March.

Spores elliptic, M.J.B. ; 4x3 mk. W.G.S. Name rubeo, to be red.
Reddish. Berk. Out. p. 148. Mag. Zool. & Bot. i. t. 2./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 283.
Illust. PL 340. b. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 210.

Subge?ius XVII. ECCILIA. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 207 excluding Ecciiia.
certain species. Stem cartilaginous^ tubular (the tube hollow or
stuffed), expanded upwards into the pileus, which is somewhat
membranaceous and at the first inflexed at the margin. Gills
attenuated behind, truly decurrent (becoming more so when the
pileus is depressed, and not separating as those of the species of
the former subgenus do). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 211.

Ecciiia corresponds with Omphalia.

2l8

AGARICUS.

Ecciiia. 480. A. Parkensis Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,

fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, by no means hygrophcm-

ous, membranaceous, piano - convex,
deeply nmbilicate, very smooth (by no
means fibrillose), slightly striate to the
middle. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent,
(i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis-
tulose, attenuated downwards, smooth,
not dotted, fuscous. Gills decurrent,
crowded, distinct, linear and almost 2
mm. (i lin.) broad, whitish then be-
coming dingy flesh-colour.

A very remarkable species, of which it is
difficult to indicate the nearest affinity. Easily
distinguished from neighbouring species by
the pileus not becoming pale with dryness.

XVIII. Agaricus (Ecciiia) atro-
punctus. One-half natural size.

In grassy places. Elmhurst, &c.

Monogr. i. p. 301.
Jllust. PL 380. a.

^^^^^^ Spores subsphaeroid-angled, irregular, uni-
guttate, 6-9 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 211. Icon. t. \Qo.f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 287.

481. A. carneo-griseus B. & Br. Pileus grey-flesh-colour, um-
bilicate, striate, delicately dotted, margin slightly glittering with
dark particles. Stem slender, fibrous-hollow upwards, of the same
colour as the pileus, shining, smooth, white-tomentose at the base.
Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated, distant, rosy, the
irregular margin darker.

Its closest ally is A. atrides, from which it differs in the smooth stem, deli-
cate colour, &c. Spores irregular.

Among fir-leaves, &c. Aboyne, &c. Aug.-Sept.

Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (i% in.) long,
flexuous. Name ca.ro, flesh; griseiis, grey. B. & Br. n. 1001. t. 13. f. i.
C. Hbk. n. 286. Illust. PL 380. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 265. Fr. Hym. Eur.

p. 212.

482. A. griseo-rubellus Lasch. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a
little more broad, hygrophanous, timber or fuscous when moist,
grey when dry, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex
at the circumference, then plane, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long,
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, somewhat naked, of
the same colour as the pileus or a little paler. Gills slightly de-
current, somewhat distant, grey then flesh-colour.

Specimens have been gathered a little smaller and paler, with the stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long and thinner, and the gills whitish then flesh-colour.

HYPORHODII. 219

On the ground. Sibbertoft. Ecciiia.

Spores rather irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-12 x 6-8 mk. B. Name griseus,
grey ; rubellus, reddish. Lasch n. 566. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 298. Hym. Eur.
p. 212. B. & Br. n. 2004.

483. A. atrides Lasch. Pileus black, fuscous, becoming pale,
black streaked, somewhat membranaceous, plane, deeply umbili-
cate, striate. Stem somewhat fistulose, pallid, black-dotted zip-
wards. Gills deeply and truly decurrent, attenuated behind, some-
what crowded, pallid, the black edge slightly toothed.

It is scarcely to be doubted that it is only a changed state of A. serridatus,
to which it is very like, and from which it does not differ except in its paler
colour (stem always pallid), its somewhat streaked (not squamulose), deeply
umbilicate and striate pileus, and its gills which are almost whitish and very
much attenuated behind.

On the ground. Hereford.

Not the plant figured by Quelet. B. &> Br. Name dark -coloured.
Lasch n. 560. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. Monogr. \. p. 300. B. & Br. n. 1858.

484. A. atro-punctus Pers. Pileus pale-cinereous, somewhat
fleshy, soft, hemispherical. Stem somewhat tough, pallid, shin-
ing, with black punctiform squamules. Gills decurrent, arcuate,
distant, alternate, cinereous-flesh-colour.

Gregarious, small. As A. atrides approaches A. serrulatus, this seems to
approach A. lappula.

On the ground. Dinmore, 1882. Oct.

Name ater, black ; punctum, dot. From the dotted stem. Pers. Syn. p.
353. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. C. Illust. PL 343.

485. A. nigrella Pers. Pileus growing blackish, umbilicate,
smooth. Stem short, glaucous. Gills flesh-colour, then some-
what cinereous.

Small, somewhat tufted.

In pastures. Perth.

This appears to be quite distinct from A. atrides ; the stem is not nigro-
punctate above, nor are the gills nigro-denticulate. B. & Br. Name niger,
black. Blackish. Pers. Syn. 463. B. & Br. n. 1651. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
266.

486. A. rhodocylix Lasch. Pileus 12 mm. ()4 in.) broad,
somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygrophanous,
membranaceous, deeply umbilicate or rather infundibuliform
with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, flocculose
when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and less long, 12 mm. (% in.)
thick, stuffed, thickened upwards, tough, smooth, cinereous. Gills

220

AGAPxICUS.

Eccilia. deeply decurrent, very distant, broad, few, the alternate ones
shorter, whitish then flesh-colour.

A very remarkable species. It may be well compared with A. pyxidatus, but
is smaller. It presents a striking analogy with A. umbelliferus, but is readily
distinguished by the rosy spores.

On rotten wood, and tops of walls. Lincoln, 1860, &c. Sept.

Spores ovoid, pentangular, spotted, 10 mk. Q. Name poSov, rose ; /cv'Ai,
cup. Only applicable if "rose" applies to the spores, and "cup" to the
pileus. Lasch n. 567. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 301. Icon. t. 100. f. 6. B. & Br.
n. 904. C. Hbk. 7i. 288. Illust. PI. 343.

ciaudopus. Subgenus XVIIL CLAUDOPUS (claudus, lame ; irovs, a foot).
Worth. Smith in Seem. Journ. Pileus excentric, lateral or resu-
pinate. Spores rubiginous, in A. byssisedus at least angular.

A small group intermediate between

^_ the Hyporhodiiand the Dermini. The

spores of A. euosmus and sapidus are
pale lilac, quite different from the
rubiginous spores of the Claudopodes.
Besides, these species have no affinity
with the true Claudopodes, but a
very close one with the Leucospori, so
that A. euosmus was first taken for
a variety of A. ostreatus. To none of
their finders did it occur to separate
these species from the Leucospori
and place them among the Crepidoti
or the Hyporhodii. Moreover, lilac
spores never occur among the Hypo-
rhodii, but among the Pratelli. Fr.
Hym. Eur.p. 213.

XIX. Agaricus (Claudopns) vari-
abilis. Natural size.

487. A. variabilis Pers. Pileus white, slightly fleshy, resupi-
nate then reflexed, even, tomentose, putting forth from the centre
a short, incurved, villous stem, which is obliterated when the
pileus is reflexed. Gills at first concurrent in an excentric point,
then reaching the base, broad> distant^ whitish then rubiginous.

Here and there it occurs sterile, with white gills.

On sticks, stumps, leaves, &c. Common. May- Nov.

Spores elliptic, rusty-pink. M.J.B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S.; ellipsoid, 9-14 x
5-8 mk. K. ; 6-7 x 2-3 mk. B. Name variabilis, variable. Pers. Obs. 2. /.

HYPORHODII. 221

5. f. 12. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 213. Monogr. i. p. 401. Berk. Out. p. 164. /. 10. Claudopus.
f. i. C. Hbk. n. 272. Illust. PL 344. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 267. Hussey
\. t. 50. Hoffm. Anal. t. 22. f. 3. A. sessilis Bull. t. 152. Fl. Dan. t. 1556.
A. niveus Sow. t. 97.

488. A. depluens Batsch. Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, rufescent - hoary, somewhat membranaceous, resupinate
then reflexed, changeable in form, somewhat silky ; at first with a
villous stem then stemless. Gills scarcely decurrent, diverging,
broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, grey then rufescent.

Spores almost rose-colour. After the type of A. variabilis it is resupinate
then reflexed, with astern, which is manifest and villous in younger specimens,
and then vanishing, but much more changeable in form, sometimes entire
with a central and vertical stem, so that scarcely any form is constant. It is
easily distinguished, however, by its thin, -watery, fragile substance, by the
rufescent-hoary colour (very hygrophanous), and by the pileus being so deli-
cately silky that it appears rather smooth, most manifestly white-villous at the
base however, with the margin slightly striate in moist specimens.

On the ground among moss, in hothouses, &c. Rare. Oct.

Name depluo, to rain. From its watery substance. Batsch f. 122. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 401. Hym. Eur. p. 214. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 273.
Illust. PI. 344. b. Hoffm. Anal. t. 15. /. 2. A. epigseus Pers. perhaps dis-
tinct and a species of Crepidotus. B. & Br. n. 1849.

489. A. byssisedus Pers. Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad,
grey, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at length horizontal,
reniform, plane, even, villous ; flesh, which is of the same colour,
thin. Stem incurved, villous, attenuated upwards, 12 mm. ()4 in.)
long, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills adnato-
decurrent, ventricose, rather broad, whitish-cinereous^ then rubigi-
nous with the spores.

When young resupinate. The stem is more distinct and persistent than in
A. depluens, &c.

On bare soil. Rare. Sept.

Fries found it on rotten beech wood. Spores irregular, angulato-stellate, 7
mk. B. &" Br. ; 11x7 mk. \V. G.S. ; irregular, 6-angled, 8-10x5-6 mk. B.
Name byssus, fine linen thread ; scdeo, to sit. From the cottony fibrils at the
base of the stern. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 402. Hym.
Eur. p. 214. B. &> Br. n. 686. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 274. Illust.
PI. 344. c. A. striatulus griseus Pers. Obs. 2. /. 5. f. 8, 9.

222

AGARICUS.

Pholiota.

SERIES III. DERMINI (Sfyua, a skin or membrane). Spores
somewhat ferruginous, clay-coloured however in most of the Hebe-
lomata, fuscous-ferruginous in the Phasoti, yellow in the Sapinei.

Among Dermini there are no species answering to Amanitae,
unless perhaps A. caperatus. The Pluteoli exactly resemble
Plutei ; therefore these are placed next to Galeras as a distinct
group. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 214.

The colour of the spores is more variable in this series than
in the others. There are no species contained in it with the hy-
menophore distinct from the stem.

i. p.

"<b
240

Subgenus XIX. PHOLIOTA (<t>o\h, a scale). Fr. Syst. Myc.
Partial veil in the form of a ring. This subgenus
passes into Flamrnuia without distinct
limits. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 214.

Pholiota is analogous with Armil-
laria and Stropharia. Care must be
taken to distinguish some of the spe-
cies from Cortinarii, the distinguish-

ing feature being the arachnoid veil of
Most of the PholiotcB grow

the latter,
on trunks. None are to be commend-
ed as edible.

XX. Agaricus (Pholiota) squarro-
sus. One-fourth natural size.

A. Humigeni (humus, ground ; gigno, to
bear). Growing on the ground, not adnate
to mosses, rarely csespitose.

* Eudermini (ev, well ; and Dermini), spores
ferruginous.

** Phasoti (</>ai6s, dusky), spores fuscous-fer-
ruginous.

B. Truncigeni (truncus, a trunk ; gigno, to
bear). Growing on wood or epiphytal, most frequently casspitose.

* ^Egeritini (A. cegerita). Pileus naked not scaly, but here and there rim-
oso-ri'vulose ; gills pallid then rufescent or becoming fuscous.

** Squamosi (squama, a scale). Pileus scaly, gills changing colour. Pi-
leus not hygrophanous.

f Gills pallid then becoming fuscous, olivaceous, clay-coloured not purely
ferruginous.

ft Gills yellow then purely ferruginous or tawny. Not hygrophanous.
Compare A. marginatus.

*** Hygrophani. Gills cinnamon (not at first light yellow).

C. Muscigeni (muscus, moss ; gigno, to bear). Like ringed Galerce, hygro-
''hanous.

A. HUMIGENI. On the groicnd, &>c., rarely casspitose.
* Eudermini. Spores ferruginous.

490. A. aureus Matt. Wholly golden-tawny. Pileus tawny
or inclining to ochraceous, when expanded as broad as the palm

DERMINI. 223

of the hand, fleshy, but not compact, convex, obtuse, soft, at first Pholiota
velvety, then torn into innate hairy squamules; flesh compara-
tively thin, soft, white becoming yellow. Stem as much as 20
cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick, solid, somewhat equal,
even, smooth, becoming pale, but sprinkled towards the ring with
a separating/^rr//7>zw.y scurf, naked above the ring, but floccu-
lose at the apex. Ring distant from the pileus about 2.5 cent,
(i in.), properly inferior, but appearing to be medial, at first erect,
then spreading, sometimes small, often however wide, laciniate,
externally flocculose and ferruginous - furfuraceous, internally
even, golden-tawny. Gills adnexed then free, attenuated at both
ends, ventricose, crowded, connected by veins, pallid ferruginous.

Very handsome, variable. The ring varies radiato-striate and veined. The
pallid mycelium sometimes glues the soil together at the base into a large ball
with the appearance of a bulb. Shedding very copious spores, making the
ring and apex of the stem pulverulent.

On the ground. Dumfries Fungus Show. Sept.

In the only British specimens I did not observe anything of the ball formed
by the mycelium and soil, but the stem itself was somewhat thickened at the
base, where several were united. The whole plant was larger than described
by Fries. Name aurum, gold. Golden. Mattusch. Sil, p. 351. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 303. Hym. Eur. p. 214. Icon. t. 101. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp.
Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22. C. Illust. PL 346. Var. Herefordensis C. Illust.
PL 347.

Var. Vahlii Schum. Pileus even, smooth. Gills somewhat
free.

This differs chiefly in the smoothness of the pileus. The British specimens
agree exactly with the figure in ' Flora Danica.' Rare. Dunkeld. Moncreiffe.
Fl. Dan. t. 1496. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 303. Hym. Eur. p. 214. B. & Br. n.
1652. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 268.

491. A. caperatus Pers. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
more or less intensely yellow, fleshy, but thin in proportion to
its size and robust stem, ovate then expanded, obtuse, viscid only
when moist and not truly so, even at the disc, lacunoso-wrinkled
at the sides, incrusted with white superficial flocci. Stem 10-15
cent. (4-6 in.) long, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, stout,
cylindrical with exception of the base which is often tuberous,
shining white, squamulose above the ring, which is membran-
aceous, reflexo-pendulous, and broken into squamules at the apex.
Gills adnate, crowded, thin, somewhat serrated, <:Azy-cinnamon.

When young the pileus is incrusted with the veil or with white mealy-floc-
cose villous down, which is crowded on the even disc and squamulose towards
the thin lacunoso-sulcate margin ; and as this separates the pileus is naked.
Veil universal, floccoso-mealy, at the first cohering in the form of a volva but
not continuous ; in rainy weather remaining in the form of a volva at the base.
Spores dark ferruginous on a white ground, paler on a black ground. There

224 AGARICUS.

Pholiotn. is a smaller form (A. macropus Pers. ) in pine woods, pileus even and paler;
stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, and without a tuberous base ; ring oblique and
often incomplete.

In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 10 mk. B. & Br. ; 12 x 4 mk. W.P. ; sphasroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate,
11-12x8-9 m k. K. Name capero, to wrinkle. From the wrinkled pileus.
Pers. Syn. p. 273. Hym. Eur. p. 215. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 269. C. Illust.
PI. 348. FL Dan. t. 1675. Krombh. t. 73. /. 10-12. Gonn. & Rab. iv. /. 5.
Cortinarius Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 3. Berk. Oiit. p. 183. C. Hbk. n. 486. Var.
macropus B. dr Br. n. 1939*.

492. A. terrigenus Fr. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad,
dingy yellow, fleshy, moderately compact, convex or on account
of the involute margin lens-shaped, then at length flattened, ob-
tuse, by no means viscid, adpressedly silky with fibrils, and fibril-
loso-scaly towards the margin ; flesh yellow. 3tem 5 cent. (2 in.)
long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, fleshy fibrous, stuffed, then also
hollow, equal (at least not thickened at the base), becoming dingy
yellow, squarrose in the form of small ferruginous warts and
fibrillose. The veil forming a continuous web from the involute
margin of the pileus to the stem, then disrupted, remaining partly
annular on the stem and partly appendiculate on the margin of
the pileus. Gills wholly adnate and decurrent with a tooth, not
sinuate, scarcely crowded, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid light
yellow then olivaceous-ferruginous.

The colour of the pileus varies rufescent. Veil fugacious in old specimens.
Warts similar to those of the stem, easily separating, occur towards the mar-
gin of the pileus. There are smaller forms with the veil obliterated which
may be easily mistaken for Cortinarii, as C. venatus and C. depexus.

On old earthy stumps. Kenmore, 1877, &c. Aug.-Nov.

Name terra, earth ; gigno, to bear. Growing on the ground. Fr. Monogr.
i. /. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 215. Icon. t. 103. B. & Br. n. 1652. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 270. C. Illust. PI. 349. Kalchbr. Hung. t. 14. f. i.

493. A. erebius Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, hirid or be-
coming ferruginous-lurid when moist, becoming pale (ochraceous-
clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, smooth,
almost viscid, hygrophanous, striate at the margin when dry.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal,
smooth but somewhat striate, becoming pale. Ring superior
(apical), campamilate, sulcate, white. Gills adnate, somewhat dis-
tant, pallid then dingy cinnamon.

Many of the stems often cohering at the base, where they are squamulose.
Pileus often slightly wrinkled. Gregarious, fragile.

In woods, chiefly under beech. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.
Name y Epe/3os, dark or gloomy looking. From the lurid colour. Fr.

DERMINI. 225

Monogr. i. p. 306. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Sv. Bot. t. 584. B. & Br. n. 1860. Pholiota.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 271. C. Illust. PL 358. A. denigratus Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 45,
&c. A. Leveillianus Doz. & Molk. Berk. Out. p. 152. A. jecorinus B. &
Br. n. 328.

494. A. ombrophilus Fr. Wholly pale ferruginous when
damp. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, clay colour when dry,
fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous, here and there repand, even,
smooth, almost viscid, very hygrophanous, striate at the margin
when moist; flesh thin, soft, white when dry. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, hollow, somewhat
fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose or slightly striate, pallid. Ring
distant, entire, reflexed, membranaceous, white. Gills adfixed,
but ventricose, at length separating, almost free, crowded, pallid,
then watery ferruginous.

Gregarious, growing in troops after copious rain. There are two forms a)
typical : \>) brunneolus (figured in ' Icones') smaller, pileus obtuse, brown ; gills
narrower.

On the ground. Coed Coch, &c.

Spores 8x4 ink. W.P. Name o/xjSpo?, rain ; <iA.os, loving. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 216. Icon. t. 103. B. 6^ Br. n. 1861. C. Illust. PL 359. A. togularis
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 306.

495. A. togularis Bull. Pileus 4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) broad, pallid
ochraceous, fleshy, soft, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, or-
bicular, without strice, smooth ; flesh thin, soft, becoming yellow.
Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose,
rigid, equal, cylindrical, fibrilloso-strigose, naked and becoming
yellow at the apex, becoming fuscous downwards. Ring medial,
more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) distant, entire, spreading-reflexed.
Gills adnato-separating, ventricose, crowded, narrowed in front,
becoming yellow, at length pallid ferruginous, never becoming
fuscous.

Protean, slender, very variable in stature, growing in troops. B. More
slender, but densely gregarious, with the wholly pallid smooth stem thinner,
often flexuous. This form is exactly A. mesodactylus Berk. C. Very small.
Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more, scarcely 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, very flexuous, becoming ferruginous.

In grassy places. Rare. May-Oct.

Name togula, a little cloak. From the ample reflexed ring hanging like a
little cloak. Bull. t. 595. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Icon. t. 104, var.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 272. C. Illust. PL 350. A. Arrhenii Fr. Monogr. i. p.
307. A. mesodactylus B. & Br. n. 681. /. g.f. i.

** Phasoti. Spores fuscous-ferruginous.

496. A. durus Bolt. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad,
tawny, tan colour, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat compact,

p

220* AGARICUS.

Phoiiota. convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, then cracked into patches, margin
even. Stem commonly curt, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 12 mm.
(Yz in.) thick, stuffed, even solid, hard, becoming silky-even, then
longitudinally cracked when dry, thickened at the apex, mealy
and more than usually widened into the pileus, varying ventri-
cose and irregularly shaped. Ring torn. Gills adnate, striato-
decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, 12 mm. (y z in.) broad, livid
th en fuscous-ferruginous.

The stem is abundantly furnished with fibrillose rootlets at the base.
Although very closely allied to A. prcecox, it is readily distinguished by its
ferruginous or brown-ferruginous spores.

In garden ground. Uncommon. Spring and Autumn.

Spores 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Name ditrus, hard. From its compact nature.
Bolt. t. 67. /. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Berk. Out. p.
149. C. Hbk. n. 289. Illust. PL 423. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 273. Quel. t. 7. f.
8. A. obturatus Krombh. t. 28. /. 14-22.

497. A. prsecox Pers. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
whitish then tan colour, fleshy, soft, convex, soon plane, obtuse,
even, smooth, moist but not viscous in rainy weather, becoming
pale; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, hollow upwards, equal, even, fragile,
at first mealy with white flocci, then somewhat naked, white,
white floccose at the base. Ring entire, reflexed, white. Gills
rounded-adnexed, quaternate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded,
whitish, then becoming fuscous.

Spores brown inclining to fuscous. There is,a var. much smaller by waysides :
pileus 2.5-4 cent - U- 1 ^ in -) broad; stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) long, 2-4
mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed with a soft pith ; ring fugacious or only appen-
diculate.

In pastures, waysides, &c. Common. Spring-Autumn.

Ring striate above. Paler than A. durus, but it is very doubtful whether it
is really distinct. M.J.B. Spores sphasroid- ellipsoid, 8-13x5-7 mk. K. ;
8x6 mk. W.G.S. Na.mepr<zcox, early. Pers. Syn. p. 420. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 305. Hym. Eur. p. 217. Berk. Out. p. 149. /. 8. /. i. C. Hbk. n. 290.
Illust. PL 360. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 274. Letell. t. 608. Krombh. t. 55. f. n-
16. A. candicans Schceff. t. 217. Var. minor, Bait. t. 20. C.

B. TRUNCIGENI. On wood, &c., most frequently caespitose.
* /Egeritini. Pileus naked not scaly, &>c.

498. A. radicosus Bull. Pileus 7-5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
somewhat clay-coloured, then spotted-rufous, fleshy, convexo-
plane, regular, naked and even, somewhat dry ; flesh moderately
thick, whitish. Stem 7-5- 10 cent - (3~4 in.) long, 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.)

DERMINI. 227

thick, solid, firm, but spongy within, white, thickened at the base Phoiiota.
and fusiform-rooted j concentrically scaly below the distant, rather
erect, entire ring, the scales erect, floccose ; mealy-pruinate at
the apex. Gills rounded behind, somewhat free, very crowded, 6
mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid, then together with the spores rufescent-
ferruginous.

The pileus becomes spotted-rufous with the shed ferruginous spores. Smell
strong, sweetish, pleasant ; taste peculiar. Solitary or gregarious, not
caespitose.

In woods about stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Smell like that of prussic acid. M.J.B. Berkeley notes that the gills are
more adnate than free. Spores 8x4. mk. W.G.S. Name radix, root.
From its rooting stem. Bull. t. 160. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 308. Hym. Eur. p.
218. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 291. Illust. PL 361. S. My col. Scot,
n. 275. Krombh. t. 62. f. 6-10.

499. A. pudicus Bull. Pileus fleshy, convexo-expanded, obtuse,
even, dry, smooth. Stem solid, somewhat equal, even, the
spreading ring persistent. Gills rounded-adnate, ventricose,
whitish then tawny.

Single or caespitose, rather large, stem often excentric and incurved at the
base. According to the figure of Bulliard the disc is sprinkled with white
pruina.

On elder-trunks, &c. Uncommon. June.

White or slightly tawny. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Stem thick ;
cuticle sometimes cracked. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name pudiciis,
modest. A. albus Bull. t. 597. /. 2. R.S. Letdl. t. 664. B. fulvellus Bull.
t. S97-f- L.O. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 218. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 292.
Illust. PL 362. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 276. Hussey\\. t. 31. Batt. t. 8. A.

500. A. leochromus Cke. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
bright tawny, paler (whitish) at the margin, fleshy, convexo-plane,
at length depressed, soft, smooth, not shining, generally rivulose
from the cracking of the cuticle. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
slender, solid, fibrous, internally amber-brown at the base, exter-
nally paler, white above, nearly equal, smooth, shining. Ring
persistent, tawny. Gills rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose,
pallid then cinnamon.

Caespitose. Spores profuse. Allied to A. pudicus and A. capistratus, but
differing in habit and structure from both. Esculent.

On elm-stumps. Highgate, 1862. July.

It approaches the tawny variety of A. pudicus, Fr. Name AeW, a lion ;
xpto|u.a, colour. Cooke in Seem. 'Journ. Bot. 1863. /. 3. f. 3. Hbk. n. 293.
Illust. PL 363. B. 6= Br. >i, 1002. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 218.

228 AGARICUS.

Phoiiota. 501. A. capistratus Cke. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
livid, tawny, rather viscid when moist, whitish when dry, fleshy,
convex, margin involute and slightly striate. Stem 7.5-10 cent.
(3-4 in.) long, thick, stuffed, nearly equal, subsquamulose. Ring
large and entire, spreading and persistent. Gills decurrent,
crowded, rather fleshy, pallid, growing darker.

Subcaespitose. Taste rather unpleasant. Distinguished from A. pudicus,
&c., by its decurrent gills, its more robust habit, and the folding in of the
margin of the pileus. Said to be edible.

On old stumps, elm, &c. Highgate, 1862. Aug.

Spores of the same size and colour as those of A. kochromus, W.G.S.
Name capistrum, a halter. From the ring. Cooke Seem. Journ. Bot. 1863.
t. 3. f. 4. Hbk. n. 294. PL i. /. i. Illust. PL 364. B. &> Br. n. 1003.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 218.

502. A. segerita Fr. Pileus tawny, becoming pale-white to-
wards the margin, fleshy, convex then plane, rruulose, slightly
wrinkled ; flesh white. Stem stuffed, equal, white-silky, fibrillose,
the superior ring swollen. Gills adnate, decurrent with a small
tooth, crowded, pallid then fuscous.

Odour pleasant. Crespitose.

On dead ash. King's Lynn. July.

Name afyeioos, the black poplar. From its being first found on black
poplar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 219. Brigant. t. 32, 33. f. 1-4. Batt. t. 6. E.
C. f II list. PL 453.

503. A. luxurians Fr. Pileus yellowish- white, then rufous-
fuscous, fleshy, convexo-gibbous, then flattened, unequal, silky,
then squamulose. Stem stuffed, rigid, somewhat squamulose,
white then becoming fuscous; ring apical, torn, fugacious. Gills
adnexed then decurrent, crowded, grey-flesh-colour then becoming
fuscous.

Caespitose, very irregular ; flesh white.

On oak and elm. King's Lynn.

Spores 8-10x3-4 mk. IV. P. Name luxnrio, to be luxuriant. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 219. Polymyces Batt. t. 23. B. Hypophyllum sericeum Paul. t.
146. A. asgerita C. Illust. PL 365.

** Squamosi. Pileus scaly, gills changing colour, &c.
t Gills pallid then becoming fuscous, olivaceous, &*c.

504. A. COHlOSUS Fr. -Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, tawny,
sprinkled with paler, superficial, separating scales, fleshy, convex

DERMIXI. 229

then flattened, obtuse, viscous; flesh compact, white. Stem solid, Phoiiota.
when young very compact, hard, and somewhat bulbous, then
elongated, somewhat equal, fibrillose {not scaly], white. Ring
more or less in the form of a cortina, floccose, moderately persist-
ent. Gills adnato-decurrent, not much crowded, quite entire,
ijhitc then becoming fuscous-clay-colour.

Stem, which occurs at length also hollow, more or less curved from situation.
Inodorous. Scarcely caespitose though often a few individuals are joined at
the base. It is readily distinguished from all its allies by the paler superficial
scales on the pileus, and from neighbouring species by the fuscous ferruginous
colour of the spores.

On trunks of beech. Rare.

Name coma, hair. From the nature of the scales on the pileus. Fr.
Mono^r. i. p. 310. Hym. Eur. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 296. Kalchbr. Ic. t. 13.
f. i. A. villosus Bolt. t. 42?

505. A. heteroclitus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) then 10-
12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, whitish or yellow, tawny when old,
fleshy, compact and when young hard, most frequently excentric,
hemispherical then flattened, very obtuse, sometimes even ; com-
monly broken up into broad, scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like
(darker) scales, sometimes viscid when old and wet ; flesh thick,
firm, pallid. Stem curt, about 5 cent. (2 in.), thickened-bulbous
and bluntly-rooting at the base, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) thick, solid,
hard, stout, fibrillose, white, commonly curved-ascending, veiled
at the apex, internally rhubarb - coloured at the base. Gills
rounded behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, plane, crowded, at
first pallid, at length dirty ferruginous.

Disc piano-truncate. The veil is more rarely in the form of a perfect ring
at the very apex of the stem, commonly appendiculate on the pileus or in the
form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, but always encircling the stem with an
annular zone. Solitary. Most distinct from its strong pungent odour, almost
that of horse-radish.

On trunks of poplar and birch. Bromley, &c.

Spores sphceroid-ellipsoid, 8-iox 5-6 mk. K. Name eVepo?, one of two ;
/cXtVoj, to lean. Leaning to one side, or excentric. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 309.
Hvm. Eur. p. 220. B. & Br. n. 1230. C. Hbk. n. 295. Illust. PI. 366. S.
Alycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 23. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 14.7. 2. A.
aurivellus Fl. Bor. t. 386.

506. A. aurivellus Batsch. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.)
broad, yellow or ferruginous -yellow, fleshy, campanulate then
convex, compact at the disc and hence gibbous when expanded,
moist, scarcely viscous, with darker adpressed spot-like scales,
when young sprinkled with floccose scales towards the margin;
flesh both of pileus and stem white, at length becoming yellow.
Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (]/* in.) and more thick,

230 AGARICUS.

Phoiiota. stuffed, somewhat rooted, somewhat equal, at least not attenuated
towards the base, but here and there thickened, commonly curved,
clothed with aclpressed, floccoso-fibrillose, fuscous- ferruginous
scales, at length somewhat naked, fibrillose, becoming yellow.
Ring silky from the inflexed margin of the pileus, not far distant
on the stem, somewhat membranaceous. Gills sinuato-adnexed,
broad, crowded, at first whitish, then straw-coloured, at length
ferruginous-date-brown or somewhat fuscous, never however in-
clining to olivaceous.

Odour scarcely remarkable. Not densely caespitose, and often solitary.
Spores ferruginous. Most distinct alike from A. heteroclitus and from A.
squarrosus ; very much allied to A. adiposus.

On old trunks. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Very beautiful. More refined in appearance than any of its allies. Spores
ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 8-9x4-5 mk. K. Name aurnm, gold; vellus,
fleece. From the scales. Batsch f. 115, also 114. Fr, Monogr. \. p. 311.
Hym. Eur. p. 220. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 298. lllnst. PL 351.
Saund. & Sm. t. 9. B. salicinus, darker. Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 2074.

507. A. squarrosus Mull. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad,
saffron - ferruginous, squarrose with innate, crowded, revolute,
darker (becoming fuscous), persistent scales, fleshy, campanulato-
convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate or gibbous,
dry ; flesh light-yellow, compact when young, sometimes thin.
Stems curt when young, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long when
full grown, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the apex, remark-
ably attenuated downwards, stuffed, squarrose as far as the ring
with crowded, revolute, darker scales. Ring only slightly distant
from the apex, rarely membranaceous, entire or oftener laciniate,
generally floccoso-racliate, of the same colour as the scales. Gills
adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, pallid-oliva-
ceous then ferruginous.

Spores ferruginous. Very caespitose, forming large heaps. Stems commonly
cohering at the base, varying very much in stature in the same cluster ; varying
also much thinner, scarcely ever curved-ascending. Odour heavy, stinking ;
sometimes, however, obsolete.

About roots of trees, chiefly ash. Common. July-Dec.

Spores ellipsoid, 7-8x4-5 ink. K.; 4 x 5 mk. W.G.S. Name squarrosus,
rough. Miill. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 310. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Berk. Out. p. 150.
C. Hbk. n. 297. Illust. PL 267. . Mycol. Scot. n. 277. Hussey i. t. 8. A.
squamosus Bull. t. 266. A. floccosus Schceff. t. 61. Sow. t. 284. Grev. t. 2.

* A. Miilleri Fr. Pileus obtuse, moist, pallid, with darker ad-
pressed scales. Gills becoming fuscous. Stem equal, ring entire.
Agreeing in smell with the common form. On beech.

DERMINI. 231

Name after O. F. Miiller. Fr. Mono^r. \. p. 311. Hym. Eur. p. 221. FL Pholiota.
Dan. t. 831. Batschf. 114. Saund. & Sm. t. i8./. i. C. Ilhist. PL 471.

* A. verruculosus Lasch. Pileus compact, obtuse, yellow,
with crowded cinnamon scales and papilla?. Stem villous-scaly.

Remarkable, perhaps to be regarded as a distinct species. On trunks of
maple. King's Cliffe. Name verruca, a wart. With small warts. Lasch
n - 353- B. e Dr. n. 1939.

508. A. subsquarrosus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more
broad, brown-ferruginous, with darker, adpressed, floccose scales,
fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, viscid. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, stuffed (often hollow when
old), equal, yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker scales which
are adpressed, or spreading only at the apex, not squarrose,
furnished with an annular zone at the apex, becoming yellow-
ferruginous within. Gills deeply sinuate, emarginate, almost free,
arcuate, crowded, at first pale then dingy yellow.

Spores ferruginous. The pileus is viscid, but not glutinous like that of A.
adiposus. It holds a doubtful place between A. aurivellus and A. squarrosus,
departing from both, however, in the gills being at the first yellow ; and from
A. squarrosus, to which it is more like, in the gills being emarginato-free, not
decurrent. Somewhat caespitose. Almost inodorous.

On a fir-stump and on the ground. Herefordshire, &c. Sept.

Name sub, and sq^tarros^(s, rough. Roughish. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 298.
Hym. Eur. p. 221. Icon. t. 103. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p.
215. B. & Br. n. 1862.

ft Gills yellow then pure ferruginous or tawny.

509. A. spectabilis Fr. Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad,
tawny or golden-yellow then becoming pale, fleshy, compact,
hemispherical, obtuse, dry, torn into adpressed, innate, pilose
squamules of the same colour, continued into the veil at the in-
flexed margin ; flesh thick, hard, sulphur-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, hard, more or
less ventricose and exte?ided into a fusiform root, sheathed with the
veil; sometimes smooth, shining, sometimes squamulose, sulphur-
yellow, mealy above the inferior, spreading, persistent, even ring.
Gills adnate, most frequently with a small decurrent tooth, very
crowded, narrow, at the first pure yellow, at length ferruginous.

More or less densely caespitose, very compact, shining as if varnished in dry
weather, although it is by no means viscous. Flesh with a bitter-aromatic
taste. A species remote from all others, analogous with A. aureus, but per-
haps most nearly allied to A. radicosus.

On oak-stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

232 AGARICUS.

Pholiota. Spores 8x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name spectabilis, of striking appearance. Fr.

Monogr. i. p. 313. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Icon. t. 102. B. & Br. n. 904*. C.
Hbk. n. 300. Illust. PL 352. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 278. Hussey i. /. 71. A.
aureus 02^. /. 77? Z?t'r/. Out. p. 149. A. rhabarbarinus Krombh, t. 3. /. 3,
not Pers.

510. A. adiposus Fr. Pileus 7.5-17.5 cent. (3-7 in.) broad,
vellow, fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat gibbous, very
viscous, covered with superficial, somewhat concentric, Jloccose,
ferruginous scales, which are at first adpressed, then squarroso-
reflexed, separating; flesh whitish, compact at the disc. Stem
7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (/4.-1 in.) thick, solid, thick-
ened downwards, compact ; when young whitish then light yel-
low, viscous, clothed with darker (from the ferruginous spores),
squarroso-reflexedi separating scales. Ring fo 1 * the most part in
the form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, yellow, at length ferrugin-
ous. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, broad, quite entire, at first
pallid light-yellow, then ferruginous.

The gluten on the pileus falls in drops in rainy weather, carrying down the
scales with it. In dry weather the pileus is shining with the dried gluten.
When rightly developed very striking, often of very large size. Commonly
forming large clusters.

On beech and ash trunks. Frequent. Oct.

Coloured like a ripe pine-apple, M.J.B. Spores 8x5 mk. W. G.S. Name
adcps, fat. Stout, obese. Fr. Moiwgr. i. p. 312. Hym. Eur. p. 222. Berk.
Out. p. 151. /. 8./. 2. C. Hbk. n. 299. Illust. PL 353. Klotzsch in Fl.
Bor. t. 471.

511. A. flammans Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, yel-
low-tawny, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, abso-
lutely dry, sprinkled with superficial, pilose, somewhat concentric,
paler or sulphur-yellow, squarrose or curly scales; margin at first
inflexed, then repand when larger ; flesh thin, light yellow. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow,
equal, most frequently flexuous, very light-yellow as are also the
crowded squarrose scales. Ring membranaceous, entire, not far
removed from the pileus, of the same colour. Gills adnate and
without a tooth, somewhat thin, crowded, at the first bright
sulphur-yellow, at length ferruginous, edge quite entire.

Pileus by no means hygrophanous. It is distinguished from all others by
the sulphur-yellow scales on the taiony pileus. Forming small clusters. In-
odorous. The ring is sometimes only indicated by an annular zone.

In woods, chiefly Scotch fir. Frequent. July-Oct.

Spores ellipsoid, 4x2 mk. K. ; ellipsoid, 3-4x2-25^, C.B.P.; 4x2 mk.
W.P. NameJtttmma, flame. From its bright colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
315. Hym. Eur. p. 222. Icon. t. 104. Berk. Out. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 301.
Illust. PL 368. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 279.

DERM I XI. 233

512. A. Junonius Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow, Phoiiota.
fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, even, smooth; flesh com-
pact, pallid. Stem 4-5 cent. (i/4-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)
thick, solid, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric, even (not
scaly), mealy above the ring, yellow. Ring inferior, reflexed,
entire. Gills adnate, crowded, comparatively broad, plane, yellow,

at length becoming ferruginous.

Spores ferruginous. Solitary. It must be carefully distinguished from a
somewhat ringed form of A. hybrid us.

On trunks. Highgate. Oct.

Spores 7x4, W.G.S. Name after Juno. Beautiful. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
315. //rw. Eur. p. 223. Sv. Bot. t. 584. B. & Br. n. 1231. C* Hbk. n.
302. Ill ust. PL 369. Saimd. & Sm. t. i8./. 3-6.

513. A. tuberculosus Schaeff. Pileus 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad,
tawny-yellow, compactly flcsJiy, convexo-plane, obtuse, sometimes
depressed, very dry, properly smooth, but broken up into innate,
broad, adpresscd scales ; flesh becoming yellow, not very thick.
Stem curt, scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
thick, but 12 mm. (^ in.) and more at tJic bulbous base, holloa,
incurved, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric, of a bright
light yellow. Ring somewhat membranaceous, reflexed, falling
off. Grills cmar^inate, crowded, broad, plane, light yellow then
tawny or spotted-ferruginous, edge serrulated.

Spores ochrey-ferruginous. Solitary. When the ring falls off it may be
easily taken for Flammula. Allied to A. curripes.

On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct.

The typical form is erumpent from the bark chiefly of birch. Spores 7x4
mk. I \'.l'. Name tuber, a swelling. \Yith small protuberances. Schccff.
t. 79 (a form departing frcm the type). Fr. M>n<^r. i. p. 316. Hym. L.ur.
p. 223. Icon. t. 104. B. dr" Br. n. 1863. C. Ill ust. PI. 370. a.

514. A. curvipes Fr. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, tawny-
yellow or orange, fleshy, ////;/, but slightly firm and tough, convex
then expanded, obtuse, 'wholly innato-Jlocculose, then torn into
minute scales, dry, not hygrophanous. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (1-1% in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, Jistit lose, equal, incurved,
tough, fibrillose or delicately squamulose, light yellow. Ring
rarely manifest, commonly floccoso-radiate, soon vanishing. Gills
adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, light yellowish, pallid
at the sides, at length tawny, edge white, at length Jloccoso-crenate.

Pileus well formed. Stem sometimes attenuated downwards. Spores
slightly tawny. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, very changeable. From
the evanescent ring it may be easily taken for Flammula.

234 AGARICUS.

Phoiiota. On sawdust and fallen trunks. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct.

Name curva, curve ; pes, foot. With curved stem. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
316. Hym. Ear. p. 223. Icon. t. 104. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1864. C. Illust.
PI. 370. b. A. muricatus b. Syst. Myc. i. p. 244 Datt. t. 22. A. (with the
elongated stem somewhat naked).

*"** Hygrophani. Gills cinnamon, &>c.

515. A. dissimulans B. & Br. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, at first lurid, at length becoming pale or whitish, campanu-
late, very obtuse, scarcely slightly viscid, hygrophanous, at length
flattened, involute at the margin. Stem fistulose with transverse
dissepiments, thickened downwards, shining white, cottony at the
base. Ring erect, for the most part persistent. Gills sinuato-
adnate, at length decurrent, pallid, clay-colour.

Pileus at first of the colour of A. erebius.

On sticks of hawthorn and sloe. Hothorpe, iSSi.

Name dissimulo, to dissemble. From its appearing like A. erebius.

B. &= Br. n. 1940. C. Illust. PI. 371.

516. A. Cookei Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dirty pale-
yellowish, fleshy, conical then convex, viscid when moist, sprinkled
with darker adpressed scales. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, solid, equal, fibrillose, rufous brown below. Ring
very tender. Gills adnate, slightly ventricose, at length brown.

Nearest to A. subluteus Fl. Dan.

In damp places among grass. Dinmore, &c. Oct.

Name after M. C. Cooke. Fr. in litt. Grevillea, vol. v. p. 56. /. 82. f. i.

C. Illust. PL 354.

517. A. subluteus Fl. Dan. Pileus yellow, fleshy, thin, flat-
tened, umbonate, squamulose, margin striate when moist. Stem
stuffed, smooth, yellow, thickened at the base, ring spreading.
Gills decurrent, crowded, cinnamon.

Somewhat csespitose, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) The scales on the pileus are darker.
On grassy ground. Faldonside, 1884. Oct.

The habit is peculiar, but the colour of the specimens was paler than
described by Fries. The stem was long (10-12.5 cent., 4-5 in.), comparatively
thin, and somewhat irregularly flexuous. Name sub, and lutens, yellow.
Yellowish. FL Dan. t. 1192. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 224. S. My col. Scot. Siipp.
Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 23.

518. A. confragosus Fr. Pileus about 4 cent. (i l / 2 in.) broad,
brick-red or cinnamon-rufous when moist, tawny when dry, Jiygro-

DERMINI.

235

phanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, densely floccu- Pholiota.
loso-furfuraceous on the surface, margin striate when moist, without
striae when dry. Stem when young 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, flexuous or incurved, wholly pale-
ferruginous, not of a different colour at the base. Veil sheathed-
fibrillose on the stem; towards tJie apex of the stem terminating in
a membranaceous, persistent, spreading, and at length reflexed,
even ring ; above the ring the stem is striate, but naked, not mealy.
Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin and crowded, linear, 2
mm. (i lin.) broad, rufous or cinnamon-rufous; edge under a lens
unequal, crenulated.

Somewhat caespitose, fragile. The floccoso-furfuraceous covering of the
pileus is such as is not observed in any other species. When the plant is old
the stem is longer, but slender, and, as well as the even pileus, denuded, and
the ring collapsed. More allied to A. conspersus and A. furfuraccus than to
A. mutabilis, &c. , but most distinguished. A variety of A. mutabilis with
squamulose pileus is not to be compared with this.

On old fallen elm. Coed Coch, 1866.

Spores oblong, ferruginous, 9 x 37 mk. B. &> Br. ; 12 x 5 mk. W.P. Name
confragosus, broken, rough, uneven. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 318. Hym. Eur. p.
224. Icon. t. 105. f. 2, 3. B. & Br. n. 1232.

519. A. mutabilis SchasfT. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad,
cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbon-
ate, sometimes depressed, even and smooth, but when young
occasionally squamulose throughout. Stems about 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, rigid, stuffed then
hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, scaly-squarrose as far as
the ring, ferruginous-blackish or umber downwards, often ascend-
ing or twisted. Ring membranaceous, externally squamulose.
Gills adnato - decurrc)it, crowded, rather broad, pallid then
cinnamon.

Densely caespitose, variable in stature. Fl. Dan. t. 2076. f. i, intermediate
between this and A. marginatus.

On stumps, c. Common. April-Oct.

Spores ellipsoid-obovate, 7-13 x 4-6 mk. K. ; 6 x n mk. W.G.S. ,'7x4 mk.

W.P. Name mutabilis, changeable. Schccff. t. 9. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 319.

Hym. Eur. p. 225. Svcrig. alt. Svamp. t. 47. Berk. Out. p. 151. t. 8.f. 3.

C. Hbk. n. 303. Illust. PL 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 280. Hussey ii. t. 27.

Lenz. f. 20. Krombh. t. 73. f. 7-9 a. Bull. t. 543. O.P.R.

520. A. marginatus Batsch. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more
broad, honey-coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, margin

236 AGARICUS.

Phoiiota. striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
fistulose, equal, fibrillose or slightly striate, not scaly, of the same
colour as the pileus, but becoming fuscous and commonly white
velvety at the base. Ring 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) distant from the
apex, often in the form of a cortina and fugacious. Gills adnate,
crowded, thin, narrow, at first pallid, then darker cinnamon.

Very much allied to A. mutabilis, but constantly different, commonly
smaller, solitary or gregarious, more rarely casspitose ; pileus paler, stem less
rigid, substance and colour more watery. It varies much, and is deceptive on
account of the vanishing veil. In hedges there is a very small casspitose form
with the pileus only 12 mm. (% in.) broad, and the stem tough and smooth,
with exception of the remains of the fugacious cortina. There also occur on
the ground among mosses smaller and paler forms, which must be carefully
distinguished from A. unicolor, &c.

In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent Sept.-Dec.

Name marginatus, margined. Probably from the striate margin. Batsch

f, 207. Fr. Alonogr. i. /. 319. Hym. Eur. p. 225. Berk. Out. p. 151.

C. Hbk. n. 304. Illust. PL 372. S. My col. Scot. n. 281. Krombh. t. 73. /.

5, 6. --B. A. mutabilis Batsch f. 208, smaller, darker (certainly not A.

mycenoides).

521. A. mustelinus Fr. Pileus yellow, ochraceous, slightly
fleshy, campanulate, convex, even, smooth, dry. Stem fistulose,
even, pallid, white-mealy above the superior reflexed ring, thick-
ened and white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat dis-
tant,

Solitary. There is a larger form ; stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, striate, pileus 12 mm. (Y 2 in.) broad.

On stumps. Guildford, 1882. Sept.

Name mustella, a weasel. Weasel-coloured. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 225. C.
Illust. PL 356. Mich. t. 80. / 6.

522. A. unicolor Fl. Dan. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad,
bay-brown then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate
then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, rather even. Stem 4
cent. (\ l / 2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose,
equal, even, somewhat smooth, of the same colour as the pileus.
Ring membranaceous, entire, slight, persistent. Gills slightly
adnexed, ventricose, broad, pallid-ochrey.

Pileus at length striate at the margin. Always very small, slender, some-
what gregarious. There is another form, differing in the shorter stem and
triangular gills, which are broadly adnate behind, even decurrent with a tooth,
although separating.

On trunks, branches, larch, &c. Hereford.

DERMINI. 237

Name unicolor, of one colour. Fl. Dan. t. 1071.7. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. Pholiota.
320. Hym. Eur. p. 225. B. & Br. n. 1524. C. Illust. PI. 356. b. Bull. t.
53. / 2.

C. MUSCIGEXI. Like ringed Galerce, hygrophanous.

523. A. pumilus Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, ochra-
ceous, moderately fleshy for its very small size, campanulate then
hemispherical^ obtuse, smooth, even (not slightly pellucid-striate
when moist); flesh thin, watery. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.)
long, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, lax (not tense
and straight), even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus.
Ring distinct, fattffso-'ivo'ven, in the form of a zone. Gills wholly
actuate, at first ascending, then plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the slight acute
margin, pallid.

The ring in the form of a zone is similar to that of various Cortinarii, and
is not membranaceous as in allied species. Very distinct from all others.
Solitary or gregarious. Of the same colour as A. hypnorum but more fleshy.

Among moss on old wall, &c. Uncommon. Aug. -Jan.

The plant may be readily overlooked as a species of Pholiota from the
nature of the ring. The gills are sometimes scarcely crowded. It stands
severe frost. Name pumilus, dwarf, diminutive. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 321.
Hym. Eur. p. 226. Icon. t. 105. f. 4. Berk. Out. p. 152. C. Hbk. n. 305.
S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 215.

524. A. mycenoides Fr. Ferruginous luhen in vigour, when
dry sometimes tawny, sometimes pale. Pileus 12 mm. (%, in.)
broad, membranaceous, campanulate soon hemispherical, some-
what obtuse, smooth, striate, hygrophanous. Stem about 4 cent.
(i% in.) long, i m. (}4 lin.) thick, fistulose, filiform, even, smooth,
tawny-ferruginous, darker than the pileus. Ring membranaceous,
entire, white, persistent. Gills adnalc, with a small decurrent
tooth, somewhat distant, at length plane, ferruginous.

A remarkable species, somewhat tender, growing in troops. Stem longer in
mossy places. In no wise to be confounded with very small forms of A. mar-
ginatus, such as Batschf. 208.

In damp dells, and on lawn among moss. Rare. Oct.

Berkeley notes that his plant had a white stem but that Fries considered it
the same as his A. mycenoides. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K.
Name Mycena-like. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 321. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Berk. Out.
p. 152. C. Hbk. n. 306.

238

AGARICUS.

XXI. Agaric us (Inocybe) lanngi-
nosus. One-fourth natural size.

inocybe. Subgenus XX. INOCYBE (ft, fibre; K vM, head). Fr. Syst.

Myc. i. p. 254. Universal veil somewhat fibrillose, concrete with

the cuticle of the pileus, often free
at the margin, in the form of a cor-
tina. Gills somewhat sinuate (but
they occur also adnate and in two
species decurrent), changing colour,
but not cinnamon-pulverulent. Spores
often rough, but in others even, more
or less fuscous-ferruginous. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 226.

Inocybe (with Hebelomd) corresponds
with Tricholoma. Inocybe and Hebe-
loma have some common features, but
they are really very distinct. Inocybe
is readily distinguished by the silky-
fibril lose covering of the pileus, which
never has a distinct pellicle, by the
veil which is continuous and homo-
geneous with the fibrils of the pileus, and by the ferruginous-
fuscous spores. All grow on the ground. They are (mostly)
strong-smelling (commonly nauseous). None are edible.

The position of Inocybe among Dermini is not satisfactory. It
forms a very natural group of itself, and is, in many respects, not
properly allied to Dermini. It might form a distinct genus in-
termediate between the Agarici and the Cortinarii.

I. Squarrosi (squarrose). Pileus at the first squarrose, somewhat fuscous,
and stem scaly of the same colour.

II. Laceri (torn). Pileus torn into scales or fibres (not split into cracks) ;
stem coloured, paler than the pileus, fibrillose.

III. Rimosi (cracked). Pileus longitudinally fibrous, soon cracked and here
and there adpressedly scaly ; stem -whitish, slightly tinged with the colour of
the pileus, fibrillose. Many of them become yellow when old.

IV. Velutini (velvety). Pileus not cracked, the cuticle fibrillose-ivoven, be-
coming even or adpressedly scaly, disc even; stem polished, smooth, whitish,
mealy at the apex.

V. Viscidi (viscid). Pileus becoming even, viscid (with one exception).

I. SQUARROSI. Pileus at the first squarrose, &>c.

525. A. hystrix Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mouse-
colour, fleshy, firm, but not compact, convex then flattened, ob-
tuse or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute floe-

DERMINI. 239

cose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin ; inocybe
flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and
more thick, solid, firm, equal or for the most part attenuated
downwards, somewhat fusiform, fuscous-mouse-colour, squarrose
with revolute crowded floccose scales as far as the sharply defined
annular zone, above the zone even and pallid. Gills adnate,
crowded, linear, plane, at first whitish, then becoming fuscous.

Stature wholly that of A. squarrosus, but the colours are very different, and
there is no affinity between them. A. relicinus, which is nearest to it, is
readily distinguished by the gills being yellow then olivaceous.

In woods. Heywood Forest, Herefordshire. Autumn.

Spores pruniform-cuneiform, 11-14 m k. Q. ; 10x5 mk. \V. P. Name-
hystrix, a porcupine. From the scales. Ft: Muncgr. i. /. 334. Hym. Eur.
p. 227. Icon. t. io6./. i. C. Illust. PL 424.

526. A. relicinus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad when
young, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more when expanded, fuliginous,
fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, everywhere scaly-
squarrose \vith fasciculate down. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, soft, equal, floccoso-scaly (but not
squarrose) and fibrillose, fuliginous, paler at the apex. Gills ad-
nexed, crowded, at first ascending, yellow then olivaceous.

Scarcely any odour. It differs remarkably from all neighbouring species in
the colour of the gills being at first yellow then olivaceous.

In marshy fir woods among Sphagna. Kinnordy. July-Sept.

Xame relicinus, curled backwards. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
335- Hym. Eur. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 152. B. r" Br. n. 1344. C. Hbk. n.
316. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 282.

527. A. calamistratus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - (1-2 in -) ancl
more broad, everywhere fuscous and squarrose-scaly, slightly
fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin at first bent inwards, often
repand, at length flattened. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid and tough, equal, somewhat rooting,
fuscous, but dark azure-blue below, squarrose throughout with
rigid recurved scales. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, broad,
white then ferruginous, the remarkably whitish edge somewhat
serrated.

It is very easily distinguished from all others by the aziire-blue base of the
stem, by the reddish flesh, and by the gills being at length ferruginous. The
edge of the gills is thick. Odour strong, peculiar.

In ditches and waysides in woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct.

Spores 12 mk., smooth, B. & Br. ; subreniform, 10-11 mk. Q. Name
calamister, curiing-iron. Curled. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 335.

240 AGARICUS.

Inocybe. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Icon. t. 106. f. 2. B. & Z?r. n. 1234. 5. Mycol.
Scot. n. 283. C. 7//tf. T 3 /. 389.

528. A. hirsutus Lasch. Pileus 12 mm. (J4 in.) high and when
flattened still broader, fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then cam-
panulate, umbonate, acute, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales,
when older inclining to ochrey, fibrillose towards the margin
which is hence fringed. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2mm. (i
lin.) thick, solid, slender, but tough, fibrillose, floccoso-scaly (not
squarrose) at the apex, somewhat thickened and dark green at the
base. Gills adnexed, ascending, crowded, thin, narrow, pallid
then becoming fuscous, the white edge slightly toothed.

It clearly differs from neighbouring species in the green base of the stem, and
in the gills becoming at length fuscous. The disc of the pileus is sometimes
green. Odour much less than that of A. calami stratus.

In moist beech woods, c. Rare. Oct.

Namekirsutus, bristly. Lasch n. 577. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 336. Hym. Eur.
p. 227. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /.
2 3-

529. A. lanuginosus Bull. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, um-
ber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulato- or
hemispherico-convex, obtuse; then more expanded, somewhat
umbonate, floccoso-scaly, squarrose with scales which are erect and
pointed at the disc; flesh of the pileus and of the stem whitish.
Stem 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid,
tough, equal, whitish-fuscous ^ squamuloso-fibrillose with fuscous
down at the base which is of the same colour, white-pulverulent at
the apex. Gills separating-free, ventricose, broad, crowded, thin,
pallid-clay colour, edge slightly toothed.

The stem is not squarrose as in A. calamistratus, &c. Inodorous, well
formed.

In mixed woods, near pathways. Uncommon, July-Sept.

Name lanuginosus, woolly, downy. Bull. t. 370 (departing in the rufescent
gills). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 153. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 284.
Vaill. Par. t. 13. f. 4-6. A. flocculentus Poll. 3. p. 288. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
336. C. Hbk. n. 317. Compare Pers. Ic. t. 8. f. 4.

530. A. dulcamaras A. & S. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad,
olivaceous-fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, then
expanded and umbonate, floccoso-scaly, silky towards the margin ;
flesh thin, becoming yellow-white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4
mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat hollow, not very rigid, equal, corti-
nato-fibrillose, and adpressedly squamulose, paler than the pileus,
mealy at the apex. Gills arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded,
pallid then olivaceous.

DERMIXI. 241

Gregarious. In the form which appears in summer the scales on the pileus Inocybc.
are squarrose, and the gills darker ; in that of autumn, the scales are adpressed
and the gills paler. Batt. t. 18. A.

On the ground in mixed wood. Pass of Killiecrankie, 1877.
Aug.

Pileus convex, umbonate, umber, clothed with adpressed fibres, the centre
breaking up into areolate patches, about 8-12 mm. (%-% in.) across; stem
2.5 cent, (i in.) or more high, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, of the same colour as the
pileus, scaly below, tomentose above ; gills clay-coloured, ventricose, margin
paler, waved, adnate, with a strong decurrent tooth ; spores even ; flesh white ;
taste at first pleasant. In one specimen the gills are just as figured by Per-
soon. Though he gives in his specific characters " sttpite nudo" the stem is
represented in the figure as scaly. B. & Br. The above description of the
specimens which I submitted to Berkeley was written on account of their de-
parture from the type as figured by Persoon. Name dulcis, sweet ; amarus,
bitter. Alb. fr 5 Schw. n. 489. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 228.
B. & Br. n. 1653. $ Mycol. Scot. n. 285. Brigantt. 4. f.^. A. uniformis
Pers. Ic. t. 15. f. i.

531. A. plumosus Bolt. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) broad,
mouse-colour, slightly fleshy, somewhat membranaceous at the
circumference, convex then plane, more rarely obtusely umbonate,
at the first squarrose with erect fasciculate flocci, fibrilloso-silky at
the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) even 10 cent. (4 in.) long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed when young, then hollow, equal
or attenuated at the base, flexuous, everywhere floccoso-scaly,f ulig-
inous-mouse-colour, of the same colour at the base, naked (not
pruinose) at the apex. Gills somewhat adnate, scarcely crowded,
narrow, not very ventricose, pallid mouse-colour, the edge which
is of the same colour quite entire.

Odour weak, almost pleasant. It is easily distinguished from A. lacerus by
the flesh both of the pileus and stem never being reddish.

In moist pine woods. Rare. Aug.

Name plumosus, feathery. From the downy tufts on the pileus. Bolt. t.
33. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk.
n. 318. Illust. PI. 425. A.

532. A. cincinnatus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) broad,
fuscous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, commonly obsoletely um-
bonate, villous-scaly ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. (\y z in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, solid, tough, equal, tense and
straight, fibrilloso - scaly, fuscous -violaceous. Gills adnexed or
attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded, fuscous-vio-
laceous.

Inodorous, slender, somewhat gregarious. It differs from all others in the
colour of the gills.

In beech woods. Coed Coch.

VOL. i.

242 AGARICUS.

Inocybe. Spores granulated or irregular. B. & Br. Namecincinnus, a curl, lock.

From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 338. Hym. Eur. p. 228. B. & Br. n.
1654. C. Illust. PL 425. B.

II. LACERI. P ileus torn into scales or fibres, &>c.

533. A. pyriodorus Pers. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
fuscous then becoming pale-ochraceous, fleshy at the disc, other-
wise thin, ovate then campanulate, obtuse, very scaly at the disc,
otherwise everywhere torn into fibrils, margin often bent inwards
and repand ; flesh becoming red. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long,
1-2.5 cent. (X -I i' 1 -) thick, solid, internally fibrous and soft, fragile,
somewhat equal or attenuated at the base, often curved ; exter-
nally veryfibrillose, becoming pale, white-pulverulent at the apex,
becoming red internally. Gills at first adnate, then somewhat
emarginate, crowded, thin, linear, often crisped, at first whitish,
then becoming fuscous, edge whitish.

It has the peculiarity of the flesh proper of the pileus easily separating alike
from the stem and from the hymenophore. Pileus reddish when young. Odour
pleasant, of pear or violet.

In woods and gardens. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec.

Name pyrus, pear ; odor, smell. Pers. Syn. p. 300. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 338.
Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 319. Illust. PL 472. 5.
My col. Scot. n. 286. Bull. t. 532. f. i, larger form.

534. A. scaber Mull. Pileus becoming pale-fuliginous or pale-
tan, variegated with adpressed, darker (fuscous) spot-like fibrous
scales, fleshy, somewhat compact, conical then convex, obsoletely
gibbous; flesh firm, white, not reddish. Stem 4 cent. (\y z in.)
long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and in the larger variety 10 mm. (5 lin.) thick,
solid, firm, equal, white, externally stiff, the cuticle being as if
somewhat cartilaginous, but silky-fibril lose or even velvety. Gills
slightly adnexed, thin, crowded, whitish then somewhat fuliginous.

Odour not remarkable. It departs from the rest in its stature which is czirt
(like that of A. sambucinus} and robust.

In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept. -Oct.

Pileus about 4 cent. (i l A in.) broad. Spores pruniform, 13-15 mk. Q.
Name scaber, rough. Mil II. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 228.
Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 320. Illust. PI. 391. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 287.
Sow. t. 207.

535. A. maritimus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous
or mouse-colour, becoming hoary when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy,
somewhat soft, convex thenfiattened, obtuse or umbonate, fibril-
lose, more or less adpressedly scaly; flesh becoming fuscous-grey.

DERMIXI. 243

Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, inocybe.
fibrillose, at first furnished with a cortina, a little paler than the
pileus, not pulverulent at the apex. Gills rounded-adnexed, some-
what separating, ventricose, fuscous grey then becoming ferruginous.

The whole plant is almost of one colour, but is distinguished from the rest
by its hygrophanous pileus. Odour not remarkable.

On sandy ground in woods. Glamis, 1874, &c. Sept.-Oct.

It is not confined to maritime districts, but is found in the native pine woods
in Scotland. Name maritimus, pertaining to the sea. Found originally by
the sea-shore. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 339. fivm. Eur. p. 229. B. cH Br. n. 1525.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 288. C. Illust. PL 392. FL Dan. 1846.7. i?

536. A. lacerus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse-
colour, becoming pale, becoming yellow when old, but not
hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or
obtusely umbonate, at first aclpressedly fibrillose, then rimosc/y
scaly and squarrose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm.
(1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, tough, equal or attenuated at the
base, paler than the pileus, everywhere fuscous-fibrillose. Gills
attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad, crowded, but almost distant
when the pileus is expanded, quite entire, white-flesh then mouse-
colour.

The pileus is not split longitudinally into cracks as in A. rimosus. Com-
monly gregarious. Odour and taste almost none. It varies very much, but
is easily distinguished from species which are somewhat like by the flesh being
reddish, and by the stem never being ?<:'// itc-pulvcrulent at the apex. There is
a more slender variety with hollow stem and narrower gills.

In woods, chiefly on naked soil. Common. July-Oct.

Name lacerus, torn. Torn into scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 339. Hym.
F.ur. p. 229. Berk. Out. p. 154. C. Hbk. n. 321. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 289.
H off m. Ic. t. 12. f. i.

537. A. flocculosus Berk. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown-
ish fawn-colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, somewhat campanulate,
umbonate, silky-squamulose, the margin smoother; veil white,
fibrillose, fugacious. Stem 4 cent. (i> i n -) lon g. 4 mm - ( 2 ^ n -)
thick, fibrillose, pale-fawn ; beneath the fibrillae brown, the apex
minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. Gills arched behind and then
adnate but not broadly so, ventricose, at first pale-fawn, at length
dull-ferruginous, margin white.

Odour like that of new meal, but nauseous. On naked soil the characters
are as described above ; among grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny,
rimosely silky, and the gills not arcuate behind but broadly adnate. Very
nearly allied to A. lanuginosus and to A. lacerus.

On the naked soil and among grass. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

244 AGARICUS.

Inocybe. Spores irregular, 9 mk., sometimes slightly elongated. B. 6 Br. Name

floccosus, floccose. Clothed with small flocci. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 97. Out.
p. 154. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1940*. C. Hbk. n. 323. Illust. PL 393. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 229.

538. A. Bongardii Weinm. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 m -) broad,
becoming fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy,
campanulate, obtuse, scaly on the disc, torn into fibrils towards
the margin, but not cracked ; flesh thin, reddish. Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid,
equal or with a little bulb at the base, flbrillose, pallid-rnfescent,
reddish silky downwards, white-pulverulent at the apex. Cortina
none. Gills adnexed, ventricose, broad, not much crowded,
pallid-reddish then cinnamon.

Odour pleasant, exactly that of pears (" Bergamotte " : Weinm.) Solitary.
Stature and colour of pileus very variable.

On sandy ground. Culbin sand-hills, Findhorn, c. May-
Aug.

Spores bulging to one side as in Eunotia, 12 mk. B. & Br. Name after
Bongard. Weinm. p. 190. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 229. Icon.
t. 107. f. i, 2. B. & Br. n. 1417, 1940*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 290. C. Illust.
PL 381. Kalchb. t. 2.0. f. 2.

539. A. muticus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 m -) broad, whit-
ish, with fibrils which become fuscous, fleshy, convex then plane,
always very obttise, and at length somewhat depressed in the centre,
somewhat squamulose, dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (1/^-2 in.) long, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, conspicuously attenuated downwards,
fibrillose, white-straw-colour becoming somewhat fuscous. Gills
wholly adnate, thin, crowded, white then becoming slightly
fuscous.

Firm, well formed. It holds a doubtful place between Laceri and Rimosi.
In shady woods. Coed Coch, 1880.

Spores 6 X4mk. W.P. Name muticus, maimed. Meaning not apparent.
Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 230. Icon. t. 109. /. i. B. & Br. n.
1865. C. Illust. PL 382.

540. A. carptus Scop. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark
fuscous, fleshy, convex then flattened, depressed, with woolly
filaments. Stem hollow, attenuated downwards, with woolly
filaments like the pileus. Gills adfixed, ventricose, broad, brown-
fuscous.

Everywhere fibrillose. Taste bitterish-sweet.
On naked soil. Coed Coch.

DERMINI. 245

Spores even, B. & Br. Name carpo, to pluck or tear. Torn into fila- Inocybe.
ments. Scop. Cam. p. 449. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. & Br. n. 165=;.
C. Illust. PL 426. A. brunneo-villosus Jungh. t. 6. /. 5 (short-stemmed).

541. A. deglubens Fr. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, at
first date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn into

fibrils but not cracked, peeling off in darker then separating fibrils ;
flesh wholly white. Stem 4-5 cent. (iK~ 2 i n -) long, solid, slender,
adpressedly scaly-fibrillose, pale but darker and pulverulent with
pruina of the same colour at the apex. Gills obtusely adnate,
ventricose, somewhat distant, distinct, grey then cinnamon.

Different from all others in the dark pruina at the apex of the stem. The
stature is that of A. lacerus.

In moist woods. Rare. Aug.

Name de, and glubo, to peel. From the surface peeling off. Fr. Monogr.
\. p. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. & Br. n. 1117. C. Hbk. n. 325. Illust.
PL 394. S. My col. Scot. n. 291.

542. A. obscurus Pers. Pileus azure-blue then becoming
fuscous, somewhat fleshy, campanulate then plane, umbonate,
longitudinally fibrillose, scaly at the disc; flesh whitish. Stem
stuffed, flexuous, fibrillose not scaly, becoming fuscous-violaceous ;
flesh lilac at the apex. Gills uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventri-
cose, olivaceous then brown.

Odour strong, bitterish. Somewhat caespitose. Polymorphous. In the
larger form the pileus is more flattened, 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umbonate, the
stem 3 mm. (i ^ lin.) thick and the gills paler. In the more slender form the
pileus is more convex, only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, and the gills olivaceous then brown.

On naked ground among pine. Rare. July-Nov.

Spores obovate, 10x5 mk. B. & Br. ; 8x6mk. IV.G.S. ; pruniform, 10
mk. Q. Name obscurus, dark. Pers. Syn. 347. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 231.
Monogr. ii. p. 300. Icon. t. 107. /. 3. B. dr 5 Br. n. 682. Berk. Out. p. 154.
Stutnd. & Sm. t. 21, lower Jig. C. Hbk. n. 322. Illust. PL 427. S. My col.
Scot. n. 292.

543. A. Rennyi B. & Br. Small. Pileus fawn-coloured,
centre brown, hemispherical. Stem attenuated downwards,
fibrillose.

Spores reniform, suddenly swollen behind, nucleate, 12-18 mk. Hereford.
Name after J. Renny. B. 6* Br. n. 1761.

544. A. haemactus Berk. & Cke. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, umber, margin pallid, fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate,
floccosely fibrillose, disc subsquamose, darker. Stem nearly 5

246 AGARICUS.

inocybe. cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, smooth, scarcely
fibrillose, whitish above, jeruginous at the base, nearly equal.
Gills adnate, pallid at length clay-colour.

Flesh everywhere turning blood-red when touched or wounded. Pileus clad
with long darker fibrils. The asruginous colour at the base of the stem pene-
trating through the flesh. Spores elliptical, attenuated towards one end,
smooth.

On lawn. Credinhill Court, 1882. Oct.

Name ai/uaKT-ds, stained with blood. Of the flesh. Grevillea, vol. xi. p.
70. C. Illust. PI. 390.

III. RIMOSI. Pileus longitudinally fibrous, soon cracked, Q^c.

545. A. fibrosus Sow. White. Pileus fleshy, thin, obtusely
campanulate, silky-even, at length cracked, margin bent inwards,
flexuous. Stem solid, long, striate, scaly-ftocculose at the apex.
Gills free, crowded, linear-lanceolate, whitish-pallid.

Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
6-8 mm. (3-4 lin. ) thick. Gills about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad. A remarkable
species, taller than the following, stinking, flesh white. It varies with the
pileus becoming yellow.

In fir woods. Keynston Wood, Dorset, 1808. July-Sept.

Spores 11x7 mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, echinulate, 9 mk. Q. Name
fibra, fibre. Fibrous. Sow. t. 44. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 231. Berk. Out. p. 154.
C. Hbk. n. 326. Illust. PI. 454. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 293. A. repandus Fr.
j\Ionogr. \. p. 341, &c.

546. A. phseocephalus Bull. Pileus bay-brown, fuliginous,
fleshy, conico-campanulate, umbonate, repand, squamulose. Stem
solid, somewhat bulbous, of the same colour as the pileus above,
white below, villous. Gills free, arcuate, light yellow then earth-
coloured.

A tall robust species.
In mixed wood. Rare. Oct.

Pileus about 7.5 cent, (sin.) broad. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long. Spores
bright ferruginous. In 1877 I found perfect specimens which fully confirmed
Berkeley's opinion that the species is a true Inocybe. The doubt expressed
by Fries is therefore set at rest. Name $cu'os, dusky; Ke^aA^, head. Bull. t.
555- / * F r ' Hym. Eur. p. 231. B. & Br. ?i. 1233, 1760. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 294. C. Illust. PL 396.

547. A. fastigiatus Schasff. Pileus yellow-fuscous, occasion-
ally fuscous-brown, fleshy, conical then campanulate, margin at
the first bent inwards, then repand, but varying regular, acute,
longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely adpressedly scaly ;

DERMINI.

flesh thin, white, scissile, the texture of the stem lax and soft, inocybe.
Stem 7-5-iQ cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (} in.) and more thick,
solid, stout, fleshy-fibrous, but not rigid, equal or rather attenu-
ated at both ends, silky-fibrous or flocculose, somewhat naked
however at the apex, pallid. Gills free, ventricose, crowded,
rather thick, yellow then olivaceous.

The gills are conspicuously broader than those of A. fibrosus. Stem com-
monly curved or ascending. Fragile, gregarious, even caespitose, almost in-
odorous. Stature exactly that of Hygrophorus puniceus. It has been con-
founded with A. pyriodorus. A form has occurred with the stem very ventri-
cose, 4 cent. (1% in.) thick.

In woods. Uncommon. June-Sept.

Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) across. Spores rough with little nodules, M.J.B.
y.\\\\\o.fastigium, a gable. Pointed or peaked. Schceff. t. 26. Fr. Monogr.
\. p. 342. Hym. Eur. p. 231. Icon. t. io8./. i. Berk. Out. p. 155. /. 8./. 4.
C. Hbk. n. 327. Illust. PL 383. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 295. Sterb. t. 22. /)./-.'.

548. A. hiulcus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( ! ~ 2 in-) broad, fus-
cous, becoming olive, slightly fleshy, at first conical, then expand-
ed, the more fleshy umbo prominent, everywhere adpressedly
squauiuloso-fibrillose, cracked. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly firm, equal (or with a
small bulb at the base), adpressedly fibrillose, squamuloso-mealy at
the apex, becoming pale, rufescent when touched, and internally
white then reddish. Gills soncwhat free, with a decurrent line
on the stem, but soon ventricose behind, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
thick, somewhat distant, at length plane, slightly rigid, white-flesh
colour, darker at the base, when full grown olivaceous-brown.

The pileus is cracked, but not so incised as in A. rimosus, &c. Stem some-
what curved. From the form of the gills there is a channel round the stem.
Odour obsolete.

In pine woods. Uncommon. Aug.- Sept.

Name hio, to gape. Opening into furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 344.
Hym. Eur. p. 232. B. 6 Br. n. 1118. C. Hbk. n. 333. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
296. C. Illust. PI. 397. Kalchb. t. 20. /. i. Batt. t. 18. C.

549. A. Curreyi Berk. Pileus convex, expanded, longitudin-
ally fibrous, slightly cracked, not umbonate. Stem straight,
attenuated upwards, finely fibrillose. Gills free, yellowish, then
brow T nish-olive.

Closely resembling A. fastigiatus, but by no means umbonate. The stem
is dark, and the spores, which are subcymbiform, perfectly even.

In woods. Fineshade, Norths., &c. Aug.

Name After F. Currey. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. n. 328. Illust. PI.
398. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 232.

248 AGARICUS.

inocybe. 550. A. rimosus Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( l ~ 2 in -) broad,
yellowish, but varying rufescent and date - brown (especially
when old), fleshy, at first conico-campamdate, obtuse, then more
flattened, and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat fibrillose,
longitudinally cracked, disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked
in a tesselated manner ; flesh firm, white. Stem 5~7-5 cent. (2-3
in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, firm, longitudinally
fibrous within, round, in the best form thickened even marginato-
bulbous and fibrillose at the base, mealy upwards, becoming
yellow or fuscous but always pallid. The thin cortina fugacious.
'Gills very much attenuated behind, free or slightly adnexed, some-
what ventricose, quaternate, whitish then becoming fuscous, and at
length becoming ferruginous, edge serrulated, pallid.

Odour earthy. The marginato-bulbous form of stem is probably Schceff. t.
2 5 8./. 1-3.

In woods and open ground. Common. June-Oct.

Subgregarious. Pileus shining, satiny with adpressed fibrillse, the inner
substance appearing through the cracks of a yellow hue ; sometimes the epi-
dermis cracks concentrically, and the lower edge of the cracked portions is re-
flected so as to present a squarrose appearance. There are several varieties,
in some of which the stem is white, in others coloured like the pileus, M.J.B.
Spores elliptic, ferruginous, M.J.B. ; ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 10-
14x5-8 mk. K. ; 11x7 mk. W.G.S. Name rima, a crack. Full of cracks.
Bull. t. 388. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 342. Hym. Eur. p. 232. Berk. Eng. Fl.
v. p. 97. Out. p. 155. t. 8.f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 330. lllust. PL 384. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 297. Sow. t. 323. Grev. t. 128. Batsch f. 107. Krombh. t. 44. f.
10-12. B. pileus adpressedly scaly. A. morosus Jungh, t. 6.f. 6.

551. A. asterosporus Ouel. Pileus 2. 5-4 cent.(i-i> in.) broad,
bistre, with brown striae, convex, umbonate, cracked. Stem
stuffed, firm, bulbous, furnished with a separable cuticle, reddish,
pubescent, with brown striae. Gills emarginate, ventricose, thin,
whitish bistre then cinnamon.

Odour mouldy.

On the ground in wood. Dinedor, c. Aug.-Oct.

Very similar to A. rimosus, for a form of which it might be mistaken with-
out examination of the spores. Spores globose, .012 mm., stellate-spinulose,
Q. Name aster, a star. From the star-shaped spores. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.
vol. xxvi. p. 50. Bull. Soc. Rouen, PL \\. f. 6. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. S.
Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. C. lllust. PL 385.

552. A. eutheles B. & Br. Pileus fawn-coloured, expanded,
strongly umbonate, somewhat undulated, silky-shining, somewhat
squamulose. Stem solid, fibrous, somewhat equal, slightly striate,
pallid. Gills adnate, slightly toothed, pallid, white-margined.

Smell farinaceous, rather disagreeable. It differs from A. fastigiatzis in the

DERMIXI. 249

adnate gills, smooth, not rough, spores; and from A. Curreyi, with which it Inocybe.
agrees as to the spores, in its strongly umbonate pileus, nearly equal stem, and
adnate gills.

On the ground among fir-leaves. Aboyne, 1862, c. Aug.-
Oct.

Spores subelliptic, 7 mk. B. 6 s Br. ; 8 mk. IV. G.S. ; pruniform, 12 mk. Q.
Name ev, well ; ftiArJ, a teat. With well-formed teat. From the prominent
umbo. B. & Br. n. 1004. t. 13. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 329. Illust. PL 386. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 298. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 232.

553. A. destrictus Fr. Pileus 4-6 cent. (i l / 2 -2y2 in.) broad,
pallid then rufe scent, fleshy, campanulato-convex then flattened,
umbonate and at length depressed round the umbo which becomes
fuscous, cracked, fibrillose then torn into scales ; flesh thin, white.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
solid, rather soft, somewhat equal, smooth, fibrilloso-striate, be-
coming red-whitish, somewhat mealy at the apex. Cortina thin,
fugacious. Gills uncinato-adnate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
broad, whitish then grey-cinnamon.

Odour unpleasant. Wholly distinct from A. rimosus.

On the ground in pine woods. Coed Coch, 1880, c. July.

Name destringo, to strip off. Stripped. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 343. Hym.
F.ur. p. 232. Icon. t. 108. B. & Br. n. 1866. C. Illust. PL 387. Under A.
rimosus Bull. t. 599.

554. A. descissus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish
or becoming pallid fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then campan-
ulate, split into radiate cracks when expanded, fragile, fibrillose,
striate at the margin. Stem 4 cent. (i>< in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
thick, hollow \\\\z\\ full grown, fragile, equal, undulated, somewhat
Jibrillose, white-pulverulent at the apex, externally and internally
white. Gills somewhat free, crowded, thin, linear, pallid, then
becoming fuscous unicolorous.

Stature wholly that of A. geophyllus, but thinner, very much allied to A.
rimosus.

In pine woods. Rare. Nov.

Name de, and scindo, to split. From the split surface. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
343. Hym. Eur. p. 233. B. dr 8 Br. n. 1526. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 299. Batt.
t. 1 8. F. C. Illust. PL 428. A.

* A. auricomus Batsch. Smaller, thinner. -- Pileus becoming yellow,
margin striate. Stem fistulose. Gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish-fuscous.
Remarkably cracked. It must be carefully distinguished from the yellowish
form of A. geophyllus. On burnt soil in woods. Nameaurum, gold ;
coma, hair. Golden-haired. From the yellow fibrillas. Batsch f. 21. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 233. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. n. 331.

250 AGARICUS.

inocybe. 555. A. Trinii Weinm. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad, whitish -

rufescent, tawny when dry, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse,
longitudinally rufescent-fibrillose, scarcely cracked, not scaly.
Stem stuffed, equal, slender, laxly rufous-fibrillose, white-mealy.
Gills rounded, ventricose, cinnamon, white-floccose at the edge.

Clove-scented.

In mixed woods. Rare. Ballinluig, 1877. Aug.

Spores strongly granulated, B. & Br. ; 10x5 ink. IV. P. Name after
Trin. Weinm. p. 194. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 233. B. & Br. n. 1656. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 300. C. Illust. PL 428. B.

IV. VELUTINI. Pileus not cracked, the cuticle
fibrillose-woven^ &>c.

556. A. sambucinus Fr. Pileus 6 cent. (i l / 2 in.) broad, white
or more rarely becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm, convex then
expanded, often repand, but not bent inwards, obtuse, fibrilloso-
silky and becoming even (so as at first sight to appear smooth); flesh
white. Stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-ij^ in.) long, 1-2.5 cent - ( l /2~ l i n )
thick, solid, stout, equal or clavate at the base, often decumbent,
striate, smooth, white, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina
none. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3
lin.) broad, of one colour, whitish.

Always solitary, compact, obese, odour stinking. B. Gills at length date-
brown.

In pine woods. Perth, c. Nov.

Name sambiicus, elder - tree. Probably first found among elder. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 344. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109. f. 2. . Afycol. Scot. n.
301. C. Illust. PL 399.

557. A. caesariatus Fr. Pileus 4 cent, (ij^ in.) broad, tawny-
dirty or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex then expanded,
gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, becoming almost smooth at
the disc, silky at the margin ; flesh thin, white. Stem 4 cent. (1%
in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, unequal, somewhat
twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose but not fibril-
lose, pallid. Gills somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose,
whitish-fuliginous, edge of the same colour.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, slightly firm, with a stinking odour.
Under beech. Coed Coch, iSSi. Sept.-Oct.

The description given above from ' Monographia ' is, as Fries points out in
the letterpress to ' Icones/ that of the typical form. In var. fibrillosa the stem
is very ochraceous-fibrillose. The colours especially of the gills, are variable,

DERM IN I.

25 1

pallid then ochraceous, at length brown. Spores even, 10 mk. B. 6^ Br. Inocybe.
Name ccesariatus, covered with hair. From the fibrils. Fr. l\Io?wgr. i. p.
345. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109. /. 3. B. & Br. ?i. 1941. C. Illust.
PL 388.

558. A. lucifugus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat
olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely fawn-colour, fleshy,
but thin, convex then plane, umbonate, covered with aclpressed
squamules or more frequently with longitudinal fibrils; flesh
white. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid,
rigid, equal, here and there undulated, scarcely fibrillose, but
slightly white-pulverulent at the apex, pallid. Gills somewhat
free, or adnexed as the form of the pileus changes, crowded, ven-
tricose, plane, whitish then soon yellow, then pure olivaceous.

Firm, with a strong pleasant odour, somewhat that of radish. Cortina
obsolete. Easily distinguished by the colour of the gills. It varies larger,
more robust, often irregularly shaped, with the stem unequal, 12 mm. (% in.)
thick, pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, obtuse and very repand, and the gills
crisped.

On the ground in woods. Frequent. Sept.

The stem is sometimes streaked with pink. Name lu.r, light ; fugio, to
flee. Light-shunning. Shade-loving. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 345. Hym. Eur. p.
234. B. &> Br. n. 792. C. Hbk. n. 334. Illust. PI. 429. A. S. Klycol. Scot,
n. 302. A. dulcamaras Pers. Ic. pict. t. 15. f. 2. B. Pileus adpressedly scaly,
thinner, gills broader. A. albocrenatus Jungh. t. 6. f. 4.

559. A. sindonius Fr. Pileus dingy white or at length becom-
ing yellow, fleshy, somewhat thin, campanulate then convex, gib-
bous, silky-velvety, becoming even, appendiculate with fibrils of the
corttna when young, dry ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, soft, stuffed with a separate pith whicli
disappears, then hollow, equal, at the first slightly fibrillose with
the delicate cortina, then becoming smooth, white. Gills atten-
uato-adnexed, linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, becoming
whitish fuscous.

The pileus is not fibrillose. It appears wholly different from A. geophyllus
in its hollow stem and stature.

In mixed woods. Rare. Sept.

Name o-ivSoiv, muslin or fine linen. From the veil. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 346.
Hym. Eur. p. 234. Berk. Out. p. 156. C. Hbk. n. 335. Illust. PI. 400. S.
Alycol. Scot. n. 303. Batt. t. 18. B. Sow. t. 365 agrees very well, but is
almost twice as large as the plant of Fries.

560. A. Clarkii B. & Br. Pileus 16 mm. (%' in.) broad, 2.5
cent, (i in.) high, white, campanulate, silky. Stem 4 cent. (\Yz
in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, slightly
thickened at the base, flocculose. Gills adnexed, white-margined.

2 5 2

AGARICUS.

Inocybe. Allied to A. sindonius.

On the ground. Street, Somerset, 1871. Oct.

Name after J. A. Clark. B. & Br. n. 1345. C. Illust. PL 429. B.

561. A. geophyllus Sow. Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) and more
high and broad, normally while, somewhat fleshy, conical then

expanded, umbonate, dry, becoming silky-
even, then covered with longitudinal
fibrils from the cuticle gaping open ;
flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3
in.) long, 2-4 more rarely 6 mm. (1-2,
3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly firm, equal,
commonly tense and straight, smooth,
white or tinged with the colour of
the pileus and white-mealy at the apex.
Cortina fibril lose. Gills almost free,
rather broad, ventricose, crowded,
whitish then becoming clay-fuscous, at
\ length earth-coloured.

Thinner than A. sindonius, A. lucifugus,
XXII Adieus (Inocybe) K eo- &c " gregarious; odour earthy. The pileus
phyllus. " One-half natural sfze. ^ m C lo ^ r ' violaceous-lilac (whitish when

full grown), becoming iuscous, brick-red, be-
coming yellow.

On the ground in woods. Common. July-Nov.

The variety lateritius is a remarkable one. It is not altogether red but
stained persistently, retaining the colour when dry. Jedburgh, &c. Name y^,
earth; $wAAov, a leaf. From the earthy colour of the gills. Sow. t. 124. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 235. Berk. Out. p. 156. B. & Br. n.
1234*. C. Hbk. n. 336. Illust. PL 401. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 304. A.
argillaceus Pers. Ic. pict. t. 14. f. 2. A. affinis Pers. Ic. descr. t. i. f. i.
Bull. t. 522. f. 2, too thin.

562. A. scabellus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (X in-) high and a little
more broad, normally fuscous or fuscous-rufescent, slightly
fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length
also torn into scales outside the even umbo ; flesh dingy. Stem
4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (^-i lin.) thick, stitffed, thin,
equal, tense and straight or flexuous, smooth, rufescent or becom-
ing pale, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina not manifest.
Gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose (but varying linear and
narrow), more or less crowded, at the first not white but dingy,
becoming fuscotis.

Stem sometimes hollow. Stature of A. geophyllus, but very much thinner",
gregarious, inodorous ; the colour, which in A. geophyllus is typically white or
lilac, is in this species fuscous or rufescent. A very changeable species.

DERMINI. 253

Among short grass. Little Orme's Head, &c. Sept.-Nov. Inocybe.

Spores granulated like A. fastigiatus, B. 6 Br. Name scaber, rough.
Roughish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 347. Hym. Eur. p. 235. Icon. t. no. f. i.

B. tSr Br. n. 1235, 1940*. C. Illust. PI. 402.

V. VISCIDI. Pileus becoming even, viscid.

563. A. trecMsporus Berk. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, umbo tawny, margin paler with a slight livid tinge, some-
what membranaceous, convex, strongly umbonate, margin thin,
at first viscid but soon dry and silky. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long,
4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, slightly striate under a lens and mealy,
nearly equal, except at the base, the outer coat of which is
cottony. Gills emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, pinkish
grey, extreme margin denticulate.

Spores bistre-brown, somewhat reniform, covered with granules.
In woods among fern. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.

It varies with the pileus whitish. Stem stuffed. Undoubtedly overlooked
for A. geophyllus, from which it differs in the pilciis being viscous when moist
and in the colour being sometimes cinereous, Fr. Name rpaxv's, rough ;
o-n-opa, seed. Rough-spored. Berk. Out. p. 156. /. 8. /. 6. B. & Br. n. 71.

C. Hbk. n. 332. Illust. PL 403. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 305. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 236. Monogr. \\. p. 346.

564. A. vatricosus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad, slightly
fleshy, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth,
viscid in wet weather, when dry shining and obsoletely silky only
round the margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, fistulose, equal, curved and contorted, white, not fibrillose,
but white villous at the base and wholly white -pulverulent.
Grills adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad, white then
becoming fuscous.

Inodorous. Quite singular in the pileus being viscid on the smooth disc and
silky at the circumference; its habit but not its stature is that of A. geophyl-
lus. The stem varies 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long; curved ascending when
smaller, often flexuous when elongated.

On dead stumps, c. Bodelwyddan, 1863, c. Sept.

Before the veil is ruptured it looks like a smooth Lepiota, B. & Br. Name
-vatricosus, with bad feet. From the distorted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
347. Hytti. Eur. p. 236. Icon. t. no. f. 3. B. 6" Br. n. 1005. C. Hbk. n.
337. Illust. PI. 403. b.

565. A. Whitei B. Br. Pileus tawny, margin white and
slightly viscid, convex, at first hemispherical, the shining white
cortina fibrillose, at length expanded and wholly tawny. Stem

254

AGARICUS.

inocybe. solid, shining white then tawny, becoming smooth. Gills ad-
nexed, at first shining white.

A very curious and beautiful little species, allied to A. vatricosus. Stature
that of A. gcophyllus.

In pine wood. Rannoch, 1875. Oct.

Name after F. Buchanan White. B. & Br. n. 1527. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
306. C. I II ust. PL 404. a.

566. A. tricholoma A. & S. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( l A-i in.)
broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed
in the centre, fibrillose with white, adpressed, at length obsolete
hairs, fringed at the margin with strigose hairs, viscid when
moist, shining when dry; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent.
(1-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, slightly
attenuated upwards, whitish, fibroso-scaly at the apex. Gills
decurrent, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming
at first pallid fuscous then clay-fuscous.

In mixed woods. Herts., 1882, &c.

Formerly referred by Fries to Flammula. Spores sphceroid, echinulate, 4
mk. K. Name from subgenus Tricholoma. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 236. Monogr.
'i. p. 350 (under Flammula). C. Illnst. PI. 404. A. gnaphalio-cephalus Bull,
t. 576. f. i. (gills ferruginous) ? Kalchbr. t. 20. f. 3.

Hebeloma. Subgenus XXL HEBELOMA (%fa, youth ; \>/j.a, a fringe).
Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 249. The partial veil fibrillose or obsolete.

Stem fleshy, fibrous, clothed, some-
what mealy at the apex. Margin of
the pileus at first incurved. Gills
sinuato-adnate, edge more or less of a
different colour, whitish. Cuticle of
the pileus continuous, smooth, some-
what viscid. Spores somewhat clay-
coloured. Growing on tJie ground,
strong-smelling, very much suspected,
certain of them poisonous. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 237.

Hebeloma corresponds with Trich-
oloma. The pileus is never fibrillose,
and the veil is heterogeneous from the

xxiii. A g aricu S (Hebeion<a)fa S - pellicle. The species appear early in
tibiiis. One-third natural size, autumn and last late. None are edible.

DERMIXI. 255

I. Indusiati (indusium, a garment). Furnished with a cortina from the Hebeloma.
manifest veil, by which the pilens is often superficially silky round the margin.

II. Denudati (denudo, to lay bare). Pileus smooth, at the first with no
cortina.

III. Pusillus (diminutive from pusus, a little boy). Pileus scarcely an inch
broad. Stature that of the Naucorias.

I. INDUSIATI. Furnished with a cortina from the
manifest veil, &c.

567. A. mussivus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, either
of one colour, yellow, or darker at the disc which is like a smooth
sugar-cake, fleshy, compact, firm, convex then plane, unequal,
very obtuse, viscid, at first smooth and even, then commonly
repand and broken up into squamules ; margin inflexed, even, at
length repand; flesh becoming yellow. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.)
long, commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, very fleshy, sometimes
stuffed, sometimes hollow at the apex, equal or ventricose, wholly

fibrillose and pruinate at the apex, light yellow. Veil fibrillose,
very fugacious. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, 6 mm.
(3 lin.) broad, arid (not distilling drops) at first light yellow, then
together with the spores somewhat ferruginous.

Odour weak, not unpleasant. Very distinct ; it departs widely from all the
following species in its habit and bright colours. The habit is that of a
FLtmmula or Cortinarius, but the gills are emarginate and not pulverulent ;
from the repand pileus, from the stem being pruinose at the apex, and from
other marks it is to be referred to Hebelomata.

In pine woods. Ascot, 1881. Oct.

Name mussivus, stammering, undecided. From its uncertain place. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 322. Hym. Eur. p. 237. Icon. t. m./~. i. C. Ill list. PI. 405.

568. A. fastibilis Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
pale yellowish, tan or becoming pale, compactly fleshy, convexo-
plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, even, smooth, the involute mar-
gin pubescent. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.)
thick, solid, wholly fleshy-fibrous, stout, somewhat bulbous, often
twisted, everywhere white-silky and fibrillose, white, but varying
pallid, white-scaly upwards. Cortina remarkable, white, occa-
sionally in the form of a ring. Gills remarkably emarginate,
somewhat distant, rather broad, at first becoming pale-white,
then dingy clay-colour, edge whitish, distilling drops in rainy
weather.

Somewhat casspito.se. Odour and taste of radish, bitterish. Like A. crus-
tiliniformis ; the odour is the same except that it is stronger, but it differs
conspicuously in t/ie manifest veil and somewhat distant gills. Var. alba t
stem longer, equal, somewhat hollow, fibrous-scaly at the apex, gills dis-
tant. A. spiloleucus Krombh, t. 62. f. 3-5. A. sulcatus Lindgr. is an ele-
gant form with the margin of the pileus sulcate or rugoso-plicate.

256 AGARICUS.

Hebeloma. In mixed woods. Common. July-Oct.

A perfect form has occurred with a distinct membranaceous ring, and
above the viscid coat of the pileus there was a circle of distinct floccose scales,
B. & Br. Spores 11x8 mk. W.G.S. Name for fastidibilis, fastidio, to
loathe. From the disagreeable smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 329. Hym. Eztr. p.
237. Icon. t. in./. 2. B. & Br. n. 905, 2004*. C. Hbk. n. 313. Illust. PL
406. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 307. A. gilvus Schceff. t. 221. A. obesus Schum.
Batt. t. xv. D. B. pileus purple-brown Paul. t. 53. f. 2?

569. A. glutinosus Lind. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
yellow-white, the disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, regular,
obtuse, with a tenacious viscous gluten, and slimy in wet
weather, sprinkled with white superficial squamules j flesh whitish,
becoming- light-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, firm,
somewhat bulbous, white-squamulose and fibnllose, and white-
mealy at the apex, often strigose at the base, at length ferrugin-
ous within. Partial veil manifest, in the form of a cortina. Gills
sinuato-adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, broad, pallid then
light yellowish, at length clay-cinnamon.

Odour peculiar, mild.

On branches and among leaves, oak and beech. Frequent.
Sept.-Dec.

So remarkably like A. lentus that I am inclined to think they are the same.
See remarks under that species. Spores 5x4 mk. W.P. ; pruniform, 7 mk.
Q. Name gluten, glue. Glutinous. Lindgr. Bot. Not. 1845, p. 199. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 324. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. 112. f. i. S. Mycol. Scot.
Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885,^. 24. C. Illust. PI. 430.

570. A. testaceus Batsch. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad,
brick-pale but more frequently ochraceous-tan or tan, somewhat
opaque, fleshy, somewhat thin, campanulato - convex, then flat-
tened, regular and well formed, obtuse, even, smooth, obsoletely
viscid or dry; flesh watery, hygrophanous. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat fragile, liollow, solid how-
ever and somewhat thickened at the base, fibrillose, becoming
pale-white, white-mealy at the apex, somewhat squamulose. Gills
attenuato-free, lanceolate, very thin, very crowded, scarcely 2 mm.
(i lin.) broad, at first ascending, pallid then clay-colour, some-
what ferruginous.

Cortina thin,fugaciotis. Odour weak, of radish.

In woods and meadows. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Name testa, a brick. Brick-coloured. Batsch f. 198. Ft: Monogr. i. p.
329. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Berk. Out. p. 157. C. Hbk. n. 314. Illust. PL
408. . Mycol. Scot. n. 308. Klotsch. t. 387.

DERMINI. 257

571. A. firmus Pers. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, brick- Hebeioma.
red, fleshy, campanulate then flattened, umbonate, the broad um-

bo darker, thin at the circumference, even, smooth, viscid. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in-) thick, solid, firm, some-
what attenuated and commonly darker downwards, clothed
throughout with \M\\\\.zfloccose squamules. Cortina, evident, white.
Gills rounded, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, thin, arid, clay-
colour then ferruginous, unspotted, but white-serrulated at the
edge.
The gills do not distil drops, hence they are unspotted. Odour weak.

In fir woods. Laxton Park, 1875, & c - Feb., Oct.

In the letterpress to ' Icones' Fries describes his plant as convex then
plane, and notes that the plant of Persoon differs in being campanulate and
umbonate. In the fig. of Fries the pileus is at length depressed. The British
plant is that of Persoon. Berkeley has gathered a plant referable to this, in
which the pileus was at first of a deep brown, changing to tan, and the gills
adnate with a minute decurrent tooth. Spores ellipsoid, attenuated at both
ends, even, 11-12x5-6 mk. K. Name -firmus, firm. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 5.
f. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 330. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. 112. f. 3. B. &
Br. n. 1531, 1942*. C. Illust. PI. 409.

572. A. claviceps Fr. Pileus pallid, convex then expanded,
fleshy at the gibbous disc, even, naked. Stem stuffed, equal,
everywhere white-mealy, fuscous downwards. Gills emarginate,
crowded, arid, pallid.

Wholly different from A. firmus P. in the smaller stature of all its parts,
in the stem being fuscous downwards, in the pallid gills, chiefly however in
the pileus being convex then expanded and discoid, in no wise conical then
campanulate.

In mixed wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Name clavus, a nail ; caput, head. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
238. Monogr. \\.p. 346. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 309. C. Illust. PL 410. A.
clavus Batschf. 199 not Linn. B. & Br. n. 1236.

573. A. punctatus Fr. --Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( : ~ 2 in -) broad .
fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc obtuse or gibbous, always how-
ever darker and viscoso-papillose, at length depressed round the
umber centre, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale when
dry, when young superficially silky round the margin with the
whitish fibrillose veil. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-8 mm.
(2-4 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage hollow, equal, here and there
flexuous, dry, pallid, white-pruinose at the very apex, otherwise
silky-fibrillose with the adpressed veil. Gills narrowed behind
and arcuato-adnate, slightly ventricose, crowded, quite entire,
narrow, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, plane, pallid.

The cortina, which is never in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gregarious,
VOL. I. R

258 AGARICUS.

Hebeloma. growing in troops ; odour very weak, but not unpleasant, not that of radish.
Most distinct from the minute (under a lens) viscous papillae on the pileus.

In pine woods. Uncommon. Sept.

Name punctus, a point. Dotted. Fr. Aionogr. i. p. 325. Hym. Eur. p.
239. Icon. t. 113. f. i. B. & Br. n. 906. C. Hbk. n. 308. S. MycoL Scot.
n. 310.

574. A. versipellis Fr. Young. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and
more broad, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, covered with a tenacious
glutinous pellicle, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale at
tJie disc, covered round the margin with glued white-silky villous
down. Stem about (5 cent. 2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
hollow, tough, equal, remarkably white-silky with the evident cor-
tina and white mealy above the ring formed by the cortina. Gills
rounded, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, arid,
almost white.

Full grown, somewhat old. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fragile,
of one colour, dingy tan, opaque, dry, as if by the vanishing of the pellicle.
Stem longer, not silky, but longitudinally fibrilloso-striate, easily split up into
fibres, and at length, chiefly within, becoming fuscous. Gills 8-10 mm. (4-5
lin.) broad, crowded, in no wise dotted or spotted, pallid then clay-cinnamon.

It changes so much with age and weather that it is necessary to describe it
separately when young and old. Pileus squamulose when young according to
Lindgr. Odour weak, not unpleasant. Somewhat casspitose.

Among fir-leaves. Uncommon. Aug.

Smell like that of several species of Hymenogastcr. B. & Br. Spores pruni-
form, 12 mk. Q. Name verto, to turn ; pellis, skin. From its change-
able appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 326. Hym. Eur. p. 239. B. & Br. n.
907. C. Hbk. n. 309. 5. MycoL Scot. n. 311. Sterb. t. 20. B.

575. A. mesophaeus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale
yellowish, or becoming pale, disc somewhat date-brown, slightly
fleshy, conical then convex, then plane, even depressed and darker
at the disc, viscous, even and commonly smooth. Stem 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose, tough,
equal, fibrillose, whitish then ferruginous, becoming fuscous at
the base, pruinose at the apex. Cortina manifest, but thin,
fugacious. Gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, plane,
arid, not spotted, clay-ferruginous, the edge, which is not dotted
and quite entire, of the same colour.

Odour weak, almost none. Variable, growing in troops. The pileus is
rarely silky round the margin like A. punctatus, c.

In pine woods. Uncommon.

Spores 8x5 mk. W.P. Name jueo-o?, middle; <f>aios, dusky. From the
dusky centre of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 327. Hym. Eur. p. 240. Icon.

DERMINI.

2 59

t. 113. /. 3 var. B. & Br. n. 908. C. Hbk. n. 310. Illust. PL 411. S. Hebeloma.
Mycol. Scot. n. 312. Hoffni. Ic. t. 6. f. 2. minor. C. Illust. PL 412.

576. A. subcollariatus B. &. Br. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, pallid, somewhat fuscous in the centre, somewhat fleshy,
convex, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil vanishing. Stem
stuffed, at length delicately fistulose, brown at the base and pul-
verulent. Gills ventricose, separating, forming a short interrupted
collar, clay-coloured, shining white at the edge.

Allied to A. mesophceus, of which we were at first inclined to consider it a
variety.

On naked soil. Sibbertoft, iSSi. Oct.

Spores elliptic, uninucleate, 13 mk. B. &> Br. Name sub, and collare, a
collar. From the gills forming somewhat of a collar. B. &> Br. n. 1942.

577. A. senescens Batsch. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more
in diameter, ochraceous-tawny, convex then flattened, slightly
glutinous, delicately tomentose and white at the extreme margin.
Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, at first bulbous and fuscous down-
wards, then, with exception of the shining white tomentose apex,
squamulose, solid. Gills adnexed, crowded, at first pallid then
cinnamon.

Flesh white ; odour acrid. Sometimes semiglobose. Stem always dark
below. Exactly resembling the figure of Batsch, which does not seem to have
been noticed by Fries.

Among fir-trees. Gwrwch Castle. Corstorphine. Sept.
Namesenesco, to grow old. B. & Br. n. 1941 bis. C. Illust. PL 407.

II. DENUDATI. Pileus smooth, at the first witJi no cortina.

578. A. sinapizans Fr. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and
more broad, sometimes of one colour, clay, sometimes pale-yellow-
ish at the disc, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, very obtuse, for
the most part refiand and often excentric, even, smooth, slightly
viscid when fresh ; flesh white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.)
long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, rigid, somewhat solid, equal or
fusiform-rooted, fibrilloso-striate, white, white-squamulose at the
apex. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded,
fragile, opaque, clay-cinnamon, always arid and unspotted, never
distilling drops or dotted.

The largest of this group. Corresponding remarkably with A. sinuosus,
but readily distinguished by its strong odour of radish, and quite destitute of
a veil. Solitary.

Under trees in a field. Uncommon. Sept.

260 AGARICUS.

Hebeloma. There is a repand form with arcuato-decurrent gills. Spores pruniform, 12
mk. Q. Name sinapi, mustard. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 327. Hym. Eur. p.
240. B. & Br. n. 1237. Saund. 6 Sm. t. 2. C. Hbk. n. 311. Illust. PL
413. Paul. t. 82.

579. A. crustiliniformis Bull. Pileus pale-whitish tan, most
frequently pale-yellowish or brick-colour at the disc, fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous with an obtuse umbo,
somewhat repand, even, smooth, at first slightly viscid, not zoned ;
flesh hyaline when moist. Stem stuffed, then hollow, stout,
somewhat bulbous, white, naked, white-squamulose at the apex.
Gills rounded-adnexed, crowded, narrowed, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad
and linear, thin, whitish then clay-colour, at length date-brown,
the unequal edge gut fate, distilling watery drops in wet weather,
spotted when dry.

Veil quite awanting. Odour strong, foetid, of radish. Very variable in
stature; the stem, however, is never elongated as in A. elatus, c.; in smaller
specimens equal, pileus regular, gills almost adnate.

In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Forming large rings. Smell like that of the flowers of the common laurel.
A. planu s Sow. is apparently a small form of this species, M.J.B. Poison-
ous. Considered very dangerous. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad. Spores
ellipsoid, 10-12x5-7 mk. K.; 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Name crustulum, a
small pie; forma, form. From the shape of the pileus. Bull. t. 308, 546.
Fr. Monogr. \. p. 328. Hym. Eur. p. 241. Sverig. alt. o. gift. Sv. t. 64.
Berk. Out. p. 157. t. g.f. i. C. Hbk.n. 312. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 313. Minor,
C. Illust. PL 414. Picromyces pessundatus Batt. t. 47. B. gills date-brown.
Paul. t. 152.

580. A. elatus Batsch. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, tan-colour, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, even,
smooth, slightly viscid when moist, opaque becoming pale-tan
when dry, margin very thin. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 8 mm.
(4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal and cylindrical, tense and straight,
but the whole constantly twisted with spiral fibres, adpressedly
fibrillose, pale-whitish, white-mealy at the apex. Gills rounded,
with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin). broad,
not spotted, arid, not distilling drops, quite entire, pale cin-
namon.

Pileus sometimes only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Odour of radish very strong.
Veil absolutely none. In larger specimens the stem has an appendage in the
form of an ovate villous bulb, which is covered over with fir-leaves. Batsch f.
108 represents it perlectly ; it differs, however, entirely from Cortinarius elatior,
which Persoon described for it.

In pine wood, among moss and leaves. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov.

Name elatus, tall. Batsch f. 108. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 328. Hym. Eur. p.
241. B. & Br. n. 1238. . Mycol. Scot. n. 314. Saund. 6 s Sm. t. 42. /. i
(a curt form).

DERMINI. 261

581. A. longicaudus Pers. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, Hebeioma.
clay-colour, the disc sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, not
compact, convex then expanded, umbonate, at length repand,

even, smooth, viscid ; flesh soft, watery, but not hygrophanous.
Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, fragile,
equal or thickened at the base, obsoletely fibrillose, white, mealy at
the apex, at length becoming tawny at the base. No cortina
manifest. Gills arcuato-adnate, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad,
white-clay, at length cinnamon, serrulated and somewhat dotted at
the edge.

Odour weak, not unpleasant, in no wise that of radish.

In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name longus, long; cauda, a tail. Long-
stemmed. Pers. Syn. p. 332. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 331. Hym. Eur. p. 241.
Berk. Out. p. 157. t. 9. /. 2. C. Hbk. n.' 315. Illust. PL 415. 5. Mycol.
Scot. n. 315. Batt. t. 21. F. Var. radicatus C. Illust. PL 416.

582. A. lugens Jungh. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth,
somewhat viscid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4
lin.) thick, solid, shining, fibrilloso-striate, somewhat bulbous,
white-mealy at the apex. Gills somewhat free, fragile, crowded,
4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid then ferruginous, cremilated and
darker at the edge.

Odour strong, but not of radish.

Under beech. Lyndhurst.

Name lugeo, to mourn. Sombre in colour. Jungh. in Linn. v. p. 399.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 241. B. & Br. n. 1762. Sterb. t. 19. H.

583. A. truncatus Schceff. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
somewhat rufous, paler round the margin, compactly fleshy, convex
then flattened, very obtuse, undulato-repand, very irregular, even,
smooth or obsoletely superficially-silky round the margin which
is at first inflexed and naked, scarcely viscous ; flesh thick, white.
Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick,
solid, robust, quite equal, white, the whole delicately pruinate under
a lens, not fibrillose or squamulose. Cortina none. Gills emargi-
nato-free, narrower behind, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
arid and not spotted, white then soon becoming pale or flesh-
white, at length watery ferruginous, edge quite entire, but some-
what repand.

It varies with the pileus becoming pale, disc clay-coloured, margin white,
and the gills very crisped, branched and anastomosing. Odour weak, not
unpleasant.

262 AGARICUS.

Hebeloma. On grassy bank. Dangstein, 1872. Sept.

Spores ovoid, 10 mk. Q. Name truncus, maimed, hence dwarfed. From
the short stem. Schceff. t. 251. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 331. Hym. Eur. p. 242.
B, & Br. n. 1346. C. Illust. PL 417.

584. A. nudipes Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
pale-tan or clay-colour, fleshy, not compact, convex then flat-
tened, obtuse, unequal, even, smooth, viscid, scarcely perceptibly
streaked, margin at first inflexed, then unfolded and ascending;
flesh watery when fresh, white when dry, moderately compact
at the disc ; margin, however, thin, almost membranaceous,
exceeding the gills. Stem about 6 cent. (2% in.) long, 8-16 mm.
(4-8 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal, sometimes straight,
sometimes curved -ascending, smooth and wnolly naked above,
white. Gills broadly emarginate, crowded, dry, not spotted,
quite entire, tan-colour.

Odour weak but not unpleasant. Cortina none. Departing from all the
others in the stem being quite smooth and naked, but clothed with a separable
pellicle.

In woods. Coed Coch, 1880, &c. Oct.

Name nudiis, naked ; pes, a foot. Naked-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
332. Hym. Eur. p. 242. B. & Br. n. 1868. Kalchbr. t. 14. f. 4. C. Illust.
PL 418.

585. A. ischnostylus Cke. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( J - 2 in -) broad,
white or a little pallid at the disc, convex then expanded, and
broadly umbonate, margin thin, slightly viscid, smooth, even.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, slender, y&- J /> in. thick, solid, equal or
a little thickened at the base, smooth, naked. Gills rounded
behind and adnate, slightly serrate at the margin, whitish then
argillaceous.

Inodorous, or with a faint odour of Spircea. Allied to A. nudipes.
On the ground amongst grass. Shrewsbury, 1879. Sept.

Spores .012 x .0075 mm. Name lo^os, thin; orCAos, pillar. Thin-stemmed.
Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 98. C. Illust. PL 420.

586. A. capniocephalus Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
broad, pale-yellowish, the disc darker, the margin at length be-
coming black, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh
whitish. Stem stuffed, attenuated downwards, rufescent-fibrilloso-
striate, becoming pale. Gills emarginate, broad, scarcely crowd-
ed, ferruginous.

The flesh is thin at the sides according to the figure.

DERMINI. 263

In mixed wood. Coed Coch, 1876, c. Oct. Hebeloma.

Fries contemplated joining it either with A. nudipes or A. diffractus. Name
KCITH/OS, smoke; /ce^aAr;, head. Of the dingy pileus. Bull. t. 547. f. 2. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 242. B. & Br. n. 1763. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 316. C. Illust.
PL 419.

III. PUSILLI. Pileus scarcely an inch broad.

587. A. magnimamma Fr. Pileus i scarcely ever 2.5 cent.
(}4, i in.) broad, at first brick-colour, at length becoming pale-
yellowish, not hygrophanous, comparatively very fleshy at the
disc, where it is remarkably swollen i?ito a breast-shaped umbo,
convex then plane with exception of the umbo, even at the cir-
cumference; flesh white, thin towards the margin. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) rarely more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, at first stuffed,
then narrowly fistulose, fibrous (not cartilaginous), equal, but here
and there flexuous, smooth, naked, and without a manifest veil, pale-
yellowish becoming pale. Gills obtusely adnate, somewhat sin-
uate, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pallid at length ferruginous.

The pileus is without the floccose-silky covering of A. petigenosus, to which
it is allied.

Among grass under apple-trees. Sibbertoft. Autumn.

Xame ma gnus, large ; mamma, breast. From the umbo. Fr. Monogr.
ii. /. 299. Hym. Eur. p. 243. Icon. t. 114. f. 2. B. &* Br. n. 2005.

588. A. petigenosus Fr. Pileus about 12 mm. (y z in.) or a
little more broad, slightly fleshy, conical then convex, somewhat
umbonate, absolutely dry, the gibbous fuscous disc naked, hoary-
silky with superficial closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference,
when old rufescent or becoming yellow. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2
in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tougJi, slender, equal, or
slightly attenuated at the base, white pulverulent, for the most
part brick-rufescent, but varying becoming fuscous. Cortina none.
Gills at the first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventricose, crowded,
arid, light yellow then olivaceous-date-brown, under a lens often
beautifully ciliated.

It is not allied to any ; its habit is that of A. geophyllus.
On the ground in beech wood. Cabalva.

Name petigo, scab. Scurfy. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 333. Hym. Eur. p. 243.
Icon. t. 114. /. 4. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 75.

264

AGARICUS.

Fiammuia. Subgenus XXII. FLAMMULA (flamma, a flame). Fr. Syst.
Myc. i. p. 250. Veil fibrillose or none. Stem fleshy-fibrous, not

mealy upwards. Pileus fleshy, mar-
gin at first involute. Gills decurrent
or adnate without a sinus, commonly
quite entire, of one colour. A few
grow on the ground, the greater num-
ber on wood, passing into Pholiotae.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244.

If Fiammuia were restricted to spe-
cies with truly decurrent gills it would
correspond with Clitocybe. Spores
mostly pure ferruginous ; some are
fuscous - ferruginous, others tawny-
ochraceous. The species appear late

_^_^^^^^^^^^^^__ in the season. Taste insipid or bitter.

None edible.

XXIV. Agaricus (Fiammuia)

flavidus. One-half natural size. j G ymnoti (ywjmws, naked). Veil none;

pileus dry, most frequently squamulose.
Spores ferruginous, in A. decipiens fuscous-ferruginous.

II. Lubrici (lubricus, slimy). Pileus covered with a contimwus, somewhat
separable, smooth, viscous pellicle ; cortina manifest, fibrillose. Spores ferru-
ginous, not tawny, but fuscous-ferruginous in A. carbonarius. Gregarious,
growing on the ground, rarely on wood. They correspond with the Hebelo-
mata, but are easily distinguished by the gills not being sinuate, by the more
viscous pellicle being somewhat separable, by the apex of the stem not being
pruinose, and by the odour, &c.

III. Udi (udus, moist). Cuticle of the pileus contimwus, not distinct nor
separable, smooth (here and there with a superficial covering) moist or a little
viscid in rainy weather. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Spores not tawny
nor ochraceous. Allied to the Pholiotce, caespitose, growing on wood, most
distinct from each other.

IV. Sapinei (sapimis, pine). Pileus scarcely pelliculose (the flesh, however,
scissile or torn above into scales), not viscous, at first somewhat incrusted.
Veil fibrilloso-adpressed to the stem, not furnished with an appendiculate cor-
tina, almost none, or forming an annular zone on the stem. They are distin-
guished, however, by the gills being light yellow or yellow then tawny, and by
the ochraceous or tawny spores. Somewhat caespitose, always on pine, but
here and there on the ground among pine-branches, forming a series of species
in very close sequence, but yet very distinct.

V. Sericelli (slightly silky). Furnished with a cortina, cuticle of the pileus
slightly silky, dry or at the first viscid.

I. GYMNOTI. Veil none; pileus dry,

589. A. gymnopodius Bull. Dark ferruginous. Pileus 5-7.5
cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, campanulato-convex, squamulose.

DERMINI. 265

Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, Flammuia.
becoming smooth, equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded.

Caespitose, most distinct. Stems ascending.
On pine sawdust. Munsted.

Name yujnvo?, naked; TTOV?, a foot. Smooth-stemmed. Bull. t. 6oi.f. i.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. C. II lust. PL 431.

590. A. vinosus Bull. Pileus ferruginous-fawn, fleshy, ex-
panded, at length depressed, dry, delicately flocculose. Stem
solid, firm, somewhat thickened at the base, delicately flocculose
like the pileus. Gills decurrent, crowded, simple, narrow, ferrug-
inous.

On the ground. Very rare. Morfa, Conway, &c.

From the figure of Bulliard the pileus is very fleshy at the disc and very thin
at the margin, and the gills very decurrent. Fries thought it might be a
species of Paxillus, but Berkeley is now satisfied that it is a true Flammuia.
Spores 5 mk. B. &" Br. Name vinum, wine. Wine-coloured. Bull. t. 54.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. B. & Br. n. 1943. C. Illust. PL 437.

591. A. floccifer B. & Br. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, tawny,
sprinkled with snow-white fibrils, somewhat fleshy, convex, ex-
panded ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the cuticle, else-
where white. Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, attenuated downwards, white, with silky scales, umber
within, furfuraceous within the pileus. Ring none. Gills moder-
ately broad, rounded behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled
transversely, ferruginous, edge white.

Spores ferruginous. Caespitose. The pileus is somewhat zoned in drying.
The habit is that of A. velutinus.

On stumps of lime. Colleyweston. Oct.

Name -floccus, a flock of wool ; fero, to carry. From the white woolly
fibrils on the pileus. B. & Br. n. 909. /. 14. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 340. Illust.
PI. 438. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 245.

592. A. decipiens Smith. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rich
brown, becoming pale, umbo almost white, fleshy, convex, dry,
minutely squamulose ; flesh pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long,
rich tawny, often swollen, attenuated downwards, twisted, striate.
Gills decurrent, crowded, moderately broad, luminous brown.

Flesh within golden-yellow, bright brown at base. Ring none. Inclined to
be fasciculate. Though at a first glance it resembles A. carbonarius, it differs
greatly in the attachment of the gills, which are adnate in A. carbonarius.

On burnt earth, charcoal, &c. Epping Forest. June.

Spores bright tawny, oval, or with an apiculus at one end, 6x4 mk. W.G.S.

266 AGARICUS.

Flammula. Name decipio, to deceive. From its likeness to A. carbonarius. Worth.
Smith in Journ. Bot. 1869, /. 95. f. 5-8. B. & Br. n. 1241. C. Hbk. n. 348.
Illust. PL 438. B. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 245.

II. LUBRICI. Pilciis covered with a viscous pellicle,

593. A. lentus Pers. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pale-
whitish, disc often clay-colour, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse,
even, smooth, but very glutinous in wet weather; flesh of the
same colour. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
thick, somewhat stuffed, tough, equal, often viscid, whitish or
becoming light yellow and villous at the base, clothed with _/&?-
cose white reflexed scales. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth,
crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, whitish, at length stained with
the ferruginous spores.

Gregarious or somewhat caespitose. In winter the pileus varies livid. At
first it is sprinkled with separating scales.

In mixed woods, chiefly beech and oak. Frequent. Sept-Dec.

I suspect this and A. (Hebeloma} glutinosus are one species. On examining
the spores of a large number of specimens, growing at the same time within a
limited area, I found the spores shading from the clay-colour of Hebeloma to
the brighter colour of Flammula. The gills also were very sinuato-adnexed
in younger specimens, and decurrent with a tooth when older. According to
Fries it is found chiefly among beech-leaves, rarely on wood. Berkeley gives
its habitat on stumps. I have found it both on the ground and on wood.
Spores ellipsoid, 6-7x3-4 mk. K. Name lentus, tough, pliant. Pers. Syn.
p. 257. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Berk. Out. p. 158. C.
Hbk. n. 341. Illust. PL 439, 440. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 317.

594. A. lubricus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, brick-
red-tawny or bright cinnamon, tough, fleshy, convex then flat-
tened, obtuse, occasionally depressed and repand, even, smooth,
viscous, thin towards the even margin ; flesh white. Stem 5-10
cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, solid, equal or
slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, whitish, at length
becoming fuscous, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, some-
what decurrent, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid then clay-
colour.

Spores ferruginous. It varies larger, the pileus spotted with glued-down
scales, &c. Sometimes pallid with the disc tawny. Scarcely strong-smelling.
Very much allied to A. lentus.

On trunks. Tunbridge Wells. Autumn.

Name lubricus, slimy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Icon.
t. n6./. i. B. & Br. n. 1245.

595. A. lupinus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, like a
smooth sugared cake or tan-fuscous, fleshy, convex and obtuse

DERMINI. 267

then piano-depressed, even, smooth, covered with a viscous easily Flammula,
separable pellicle ; flesh soft, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
12 mm. (^ in-) thick, curt, firm, thickened sometimes upwards
sometimes downwards, whitish at the apex, otherwise ferruginous
with dense adpressed fibrils, internally stuffed or hollow and be-
coming ferruginous. Gills adnato-decurrent, moderately crowded,
broad, clay-colour.

Pileus comparatively very much dilated. Easily recognised by its very strong
and very bitter odour. There are two forms : A. described above. B.
milder, pileus tawny, stem and gills light yellowish.

In pastures. Glamis, 1874. Aug.

Name lupus, a wolf. From the colour of the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. & Br. n. 1528. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 318.

596. A. mixtus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, dingy
tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, unequal at the disc which is
somewhat compact like a smooth sugared cake and under a lens
slightly wrinkled with gluten, paler towards the sloping margin,
wholly smooth and even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, tough, hollow, equal ; sometimes shorter,
ascending, curved ; sometimes elongated, ftexaous, fuscous-Jtfirtf-
lose (fibrils lax) ; whitish, clothed below with reflexed rufous-fus-
cous scales and somewhat thickened at the base. Cortina mani-
fest, fibrillose. Gills somewhat decurrent, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.)
broad, somewhat crowded, white t/ien clay-colour, unequal at the
edge.

*&'

Inodorous. Somewhat cnespitose. The slightly firm flesh watery. The
external appearance and colours are those of A. (Hebeloma) punctatus, c. , but
in its whole nature it is nearest to A. lentus, lubricus, and lupinus.

In pine and mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Nov.

Name mixtus, mixed. One among a number of allies. Fr. Monogr. i. /.
353- Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. & Br. n. 1239, bis. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 319. C.
lUust. PI. 474. Bull. t. 562. /. P.O. resembles it sufficiently well.

597. A. juncinus Smith. Pileus 4 cent. (i;< in.) broad, sul-
phury yellow, disc rich brown, rleshy, hemispherical. Stem elon-
gated, 10 cent. (4 in.) long, thin, attenuated downwards, clothed
with a few fibres. Gills broad, very thin, red-brown.

Veil none. Taste nauseous and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Allied to
A. mixtus.

On dead bulrushes in an old clay-pit. N. Wooton. Nov.

Name /tt7z<rz*.r, a rush. Found on rushes. Worth. Smith in Joiirn. Bot.
1873, p. 336. C. 1 1 hist. PL 475.

268 AGARICUS.

Fiammuia. 598. A. gummosus Lasch. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( T ~ 2 i n -) broad,
pallid light yellow or becoming green, at length becoming fer-
ruginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regu-
lar, campanulate then soon flattened, obtuse or depressed, covered
with a separable, viscid pellicle, and sprinkled with superficial
floccose scales, even when these separate, smooth ; flesh thin, be-
coming yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.)
thick, stuffed, or hollow when old, equal, tense and straight, rigid,
silky-fibrillose, ferruginous- rubiginous at the base and for the
most part when full grown, paler upwards. Gills adnate, crowded,
narrow, at first white-light-yellow, then cinnamon.

Inodorous, not bitter.

On old stumps. Botanic Garden, Cambridge, &c. Dec.

Name gumini, gum. Viscid. Lasch Linn. 1827, n. 325. Fr. Monogr.
\.p. 354. Hym. Enr. p. 247. Icon. t. n6.f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1119. C. Hbk.
n. 342. Illust. PI. 441. A. tricolor Tratt. Austr.f. 38.

599. A. spumosus Fr. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid
light yellow, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, convex then plane,
somewhat umbonate, covered with a viscous separable pellicle,
but naked (never sprinkled with squamules), even ; flesh watery,
light yellow-green. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
thick, hollow t thin, attenuated downwards, light yellow or of the
same colour as the pileus, more or less fibrillose, but remarkably
furnished with a cortina. Gills adnate, crowded, light yellow
then ferruginous.

Gregarious, somewhat casspitose, inodorous, very viscous in rainy weather.
It varies with the pileus light yellowish and the stem olivaceous-fuscous.

In fir woods and on sawdust. Rare. Sept.-Nov.

Spores 5 mk. B. & Br.; 5x4 mk. W.G.S.; subellipsoid, 7-8x4 mk. K.
Name spuma, froth. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 354. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t.
116. / 3. B. & Br. n. 1240. C. Hbk. n. 343. Illust. PL 476. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 320.

600. A. carbonarius Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
broad, tawny, fleshy, convex then soon plane and often depressed
at the disc, even, smooth, viscous, margin inflexed ; flesh slightly
firm, yellow. Stem about 2.5-4 cent. (i-i/4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i
lin.) rarely more thick, somewhat fistulose, rigid, equal or slightly
thickened upwards, Gbrilloso-sguamufose, pallid, often blackish at
the base. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded,
rather broad, becoming fuscous-clay-colour.

The soil is often rolled together by the mycelium into a small bulb. The
blackness at the base of the stem may be from its habitat. Densely gregari-

DERMINI. 269

ous ; very much allied to A. spumosus, but very easily distinguished from all Flammula.
the preceding species by the fuscous-ferruginous spores. Its stature also is
smaller, its structure tougher and lasting long, and its colours more intense.

On charcoal and burnt earth. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Name carbo, charcoal. From its habitat. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 355. Hym.
Eur. p. 247. B. 6 Br. n. 1120. Worth. Smith in Seem. Jo urn. 1869. C.
Hbk. n. 344. Illust. PL 442. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 321.

III. UDI. Cuticle of the pileus continuous^ &c.

601. A. fusus Batsch. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
somewhat brick-colour, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, obtuse,
even, smooth, slightly viscid ; flesh firm, pallid. Stem about 5
cent. (2 in.) long, firm, stuffed, attenuated in a fusiform manner
downwards and roo\..<\,jibrtlloso-striate, pallid. Cortina manifest,
appendiculate. Gills somewhat decurrent, not very crowded,
pallid or light yellow then becoming ferruginous.

Spores dingy ferruginous. Gregarious rather than caespitose. Odour not
bitter, taste mild. The colour of the gills is variable, becoming green-grey, &c.

On the ground and stumps. Worthing, &c. Nov.

Name -fusus, a spindle. From the stem. Batsch f. 189. (Very small.) Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 355. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. 117.7". I - var - C. Illust. PI.
433- 434- A. pomposus Bolt. t. 5. A. hybridus Bull. t. 398.

602. A. astragalinus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more
broad, blood-saffron or golden-flesh colour, darker at the disc,
pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex or lens-shaped then
flattened, obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, but not viscid,
even, smooth, but when young superficially-silky round the margin
with the very thin adpressed whitish veil; flesh firm, of the same
colour, often becoming black when wounded. Stem 5-10 cent.
(2-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal
or attenuated downwards, flexuous, scaly-jibrillose, pallid, scarcely
darker at the base. Cortina manifest, appendiculate, white.
Gills adnate, crowded, broad, when young pallid light yellow^
somewhat of the same colour as the pileus at the base, the obtuse
edge flocculose when young.

Somewhat caespitose. Spores scanty, pallid or dingy ferruginous. The
attachment of the gills varies with situation. The colour is very peculiar, and
cannot be easily described. Taste bitter, peculiar.

On pine and fir stumps. Rothiemurchus. Glamis. Aug.-Sept.

Although the colour of the flesh is the same it is always much brighter than
that of the pileus. When exposed from being eaten by slugs the flesh does
not turn black as it does when bruised. Name dorpayaA.ii/os, a goldfinch.

270 AGARICUS.

Flammula. From colour. Where the flesh has been eaten the colour is exactly like that
of the head of the goldfinch. Fr, Monogr. i. p. 356. Hym. Eur. p. 248.
Icon. t. 117. /. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 322. B. & Br. n. 1944. C. Illust. PL

435-

603. A. alnicola Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yel-
low, at length becoming ferruginous and sometimes green, fleshy,
convex then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, but not truly
viscous, at the first superficially fibrillose towards the margin:
flesh not very compact, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, stuffed
then hollow, attenuato-rooted, commonly curved-flexuous, fibril-
lose, at first yellow, then becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest,
sometimes fibrillose, sometimes woven into an arachnoid web.
Gills somewhat adnate, broad, plane, at firs I dingy -pallid or
yellowish-pallid, at length together with the plentiful spores
ferruginous.

The gills vary decurrent and rounded according to situation. Odour and
taste bitter. There are two forms : A. pileus irregular, fibrillose round the
margin ; gills at first dingy pallid. B. salicicola, pileus somewhat gibbous,
smooth, rarely at the first floccoso-scaly ; gills at first yellowish-pallid. In
natural affinity it seems, especially salicicola, nearest to Pholiota aurivellits.

On old stumps. Rare. Sept. -Oct.

Spores subellipsoid, 8x5 mk. K. Name alnus, alder ; colo, to inhabit.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 356. Hym. Eur. p. 248. B. & Br. n. 1242. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 323. C. Illust. PL 443. A. amarus Bull. t. 562 (var. salicicola).

Var. salicicola. On willow. Sept. Loch-an-Eilan.

604. A. flavidus Schseff. Pileus 2.5-12.5 cent. (1-5 in.) broad,
bright light yellow, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even,
smooth, moist but not viscous, for the most part regular ; flesh
white, then becoming light yellow. Stem commonly 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, some-
times attenuated sometimes thickened downwards, somewhat
flexuous, fibrillose, light yellow, at length, especially at the base,
becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest, woven, adhering to the
margin of the pileus, white, rarely almost in the form of a ring.
Gills adnate, not much crowded, at first whitish, then light yellow,
at length tawny-ferruginous.

Spores plentiful. It can be safely distinguished from A. fascicularis and its
allies by its purely ferruginous spores. Forming large clusters, but very vari-
able in size, according as the weather is favourable to its growth.

On fir, lime, c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov.

Name -flavus, light yellow. Light yellowish. Schceff. t. 35. Fr. Monogr.
i- P- 357- Hym. Eur. p. 248. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. & Br. n. 792*. C.

DERMINI.

271

Hbk. n. 345. Illust. PL 444. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 324. Compare Tratt. Flammula.
Austr. f. 14.

605. A. inauratus Smith. Sulphury yellow. Pileus 2.5 cent,
(i in.) or more broad, fleshy, moist, smooth, furnished with a
distinct veil. Stem somewhat hollow, incurved, clothed with
innate scales. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, pale-
yellowish clay-colour.

Taste mild, insipid. Allied to A.fiavidus and A. Junonius.
On willows. North Wooton, Norfolk. Nov.

Name inauro, to gild. Gilded. From the colour. Worth. Smith. Journ.
Bot. 1873,^. 33 6 - C. U I u st. PI. 477.

606. A. conissans Fr. --Pileus 1-7.5 cent - (K~3 in-) broad,
light-yellowish-tan, fleshy, thin, hemispherico-expanded, obtuse
(varying umbilicate), smooth, moist ; flesh equal, only 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, white. Stem hollow, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, some-
times equal, sometimes attenuated downwards, commonly 4-6
mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, but often compressed and then 8-10 mm. (4-

5 lin.) broad, irregular, twisted, becoming light-yellow-white, white-
villous at the base, scarcely becoming ferruginous. Cortina silky-
fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth,
very crowded, not exceeding 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, linear, whitish,
at length becoming fuscous-clay-colour.

Spores -very plentiful, dark ferruginous. Densely csespitose, emitting an
acid odour. It seems very different from A. flavidus, c., thinner than these,
with the habit of A. fascicularis.

In woods, c. Uncommon. Sept. -Oct.

Spores pruniform oblong, 7-9 mk. Q. Name <w?, dust. From its shed-
ding abundance of spores. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 358. Hym. Eur. p. 249. B.

6 Br. n. 1243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 325. C. Illust. PI. 445. A. pulverulentus
Bull. t. 178. *

607. A. inopus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, honey-tan
or reddish-tan (not changeable), paler round the margin, fleshy,
thin, convex then expanded, obtuse, slippery when moist, almost
viscous, arid when dry, even, smooth; flesh thin, of the same
colour as the pileus, hygrophanous, white \vhen dry. Stem 7.5-
10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, thin,
tough, flexuous, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid, brick-colour
downwards. Cortina fugacious. Gills adnate, thin, crowded,
linear, light-yellow-white, sometimes green.

There are two forms ; one figured by Bolton with the branched-rooted stem,
densely casspitose ; the other (described by Fries) solitary or slightly caespitose.

272 AGARICUS.

Flamnmla. Approaching nearer to A. astragalinus than to A. flavidus, &c. , in its scanty
and dingy ferruginous spores.

On Scotch fir, larch, &c. Rare. Aug.

Spores ellipsoid, 8 mk. Q. Name mops, poor, scanty. From its shed-
ding few spores. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 358. Hym. Eur. p. 249. Icon. t. 118. f.
i. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. 6* Br. n. 1417*. C. Hbk. n. 346. Illust. PL 446.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 326. A. ramoso-radicatus Bolt. t. 148 (exactly). Baft. t.
22. C. (not descr. )

608. A. apicreus Fr. Pileus yellow, becoming pale and tan,
disc tawny, fleshy, thin, rather plane, even, smooth, moist.
Stem hollow, equal, not rooted, pallid, with ferruginous fibrils
at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, shining ferruginous.

Somewhat csespitose. Odour mild. Very like A. alnicola, but the colour
of the gills is somewhat unchangeable, flesh hygrophanous, &c.

In pine wood. Glamis, 1874, c. Sept.

Spores pruniform, 6-7 mk. Q. Name aTu/cpo?, not bitter. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 249. B. & Br. n. 1529, 1945. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 327. C. Illust. PI. 436.
A. lignatilis Bull. t. 554 A. (B. larger).

IV. SAPINEI. Pileus scarcely pelliculose, &C.

609. A. hybridus Fr. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at
first tawny-cinnamon, then tawny-orange, fleshy, hemispherical
with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular and
well formed, even, smooth, moist; flesh moderately compact,
pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, S-io mm. (4-5 lin.) thick,
at first stuffed with a soft pith, then hollow, attenuated (almost
conico-attenuated) upwards, whitish with adpressed silky villous
down (becoming tawny when the down is rubbed off), slightly
striate, white-villous at the base, and somewhat mealy at the apex.
Cortina matiifest, in the form of an annular zone at the apex of the
stem, white or at length coloured with the spores. Gills adnate,
somewhat crowded, light yellow then taw?iy, not spotted.

Spores ochraceous. Growing in troops.

On fir stumps and branches. Rare. Oct.-Nov.

This does not seem to be A . hybridus Sow. t. 221, whose affinities are doubt-
ful, M.J.B. Fries thinks A. hybridus Sow. may be a form of A. inopus.
Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name a hybrid. Perhaps from its relation to species
near it. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 360. Hym. Eur. p. 250. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. &
Br. n. 1243*. C. Hbk. n. 347. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 328.

610. A. sapineus Fr. Pileus commonly irregular and varying
2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) in breadth, golden-tawny, opaque at the disc,
paler and shining towards the margin, fleshy, compact, not scissile,

DERMINI. 273

hemispherical then convexo-plane, very obtuse, absolutely dry, Fiammula.
the surface being covered with thin squamulose adpressed floc-
cules, most frequently rimoso-scaly ; flesh thick, firm, but at length
soft, becoming yellow. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.)
thick, solid or hollow, but stout, irregularly shaped (often com-
pressed), remarkably fleshy-fibrous, sulcate, even lacunose, naked,
becoming yellow-pallid, turning fuscous when bruised, rooting
at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, 8 mm. (4 /in.) broad,
golden, at length tawny-cinnamon.

The remains of \\~ie yellowish cortina scarcely manifest, only adhering to the
margin of the pileus. Somewhat caespitose, with a strong odour. It varies
much, also caespitose and growing on the ground with an elongated fusiform-
rooted stem ; but it is most distinct alike from A. hybridus, c., and A. liqui-
ritice, &c., which, however, it unites. A. picreus Pers. Ic. descr. t. 4. /. 7 is
an old form of this.

On pine-branches, sawdust, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov.

Extremely variable, especially as to the breadth and mode of attachment of
the gills. Remarkable, like A. spectabilis, for the bright colour of the spores.
B. & Br. Spores subelhpsoid, 8x5 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name
sapinus, a pine-tree. Growing on pine. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 361. Hym. Eur.
p. 251. Icon. t. 118. / 3. B. 6= Br. n. 1006. C. Hbk. n. 349. Illust. PL
447. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 329.

611. A. liquiritiae Pers. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad,
bay-brown- or orange-/ze/y, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, con-
vex then flattened, somewhat umbonate, even, very smooth, moist,
the margin at length flaccid and slightly striate ; flesh tJii?i, scis-
sile, yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
hollow, attenuated upwards, often unequal and curved, striate,
somewhat naked (or obsoletely pruinate at the apex), tawny then

ferruginous, yellow-tawny within, thickened and villous at the
base. Cortina none. Gills obtusely adnate, and sometimes
rounded, separating, plane, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, golden,
then tawny, not spotted.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, with an acid odour. Varying very much
in structure and size, and approaching the Hebelomata in the gills being often
somewhat sinuate.

On fir. Mattishall, 1883. Oct.

Taste sweet, like that of liquorice, M.J.B. Name liquiritia, liquorice
(corrupted from glycyrrhiza). From the taste. Pers. Syn. p. 306. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 362. Hym. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. 119. /. i.

612. A. picreus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufous- or
bay -brown- cinnamon, when older becoming pale and tawny,
slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, obtuse, regular, even,
smooth, moist in rainy weather ; flesh very thin, not easily scissile,

VOL. I. S

274 AGARICUS.

Fiammula. of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5~7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards,
tense and straight, when young everywhere white-pulverulent,
umber. Cortina none. Gills ascending, crowded, narrow (scarcely
2 mm. (i lin.) broad), yellow then becoming ferruginous, normally
adnate, but varying decurrent and separating.

Spores ferruginous. Caespitose, slender. There is a smaller variety with
the pileus campanulate and rimuloso-papillate.

On old deal boards, and pine-stumps. Rare.

Spores spheroid-ellipsoid, 8x5-6 mk. K. ; 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name
TTiKpos, hitter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 362. H\>m. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. 119. f. 2.
B. 6" Br. n. 1244. C. Hbk. n. 350. Illust. PL 448.

V. SERICELLI. Furnished with a cortina, &c.

613. A. helomorphus Fr. Pileus 12-18 mm. (%-% in.) broad,
white, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous or with a broad obtuse
prominent umbo, often angular, viscid; when dry becoming ad-
pressedly fibrilloso-even, the thin unequal margin inflexed, naked.
Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 rarely 6 mm. (2, 3 lin.) thick,
solid, equal or not perceptibly attenuated from the base, ascending
from the incurved base, wholly even and smooth, whitish. Gills
plano-decurrent, very crowded, not 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, whitish,
scarcely clay-colour.

Stem slightly adpressedly silky upwards only under a lens. Spores pallid
ferruginous, paler than in the rest of the species.

In fir woods. Mossburnford. Nov.

Spores pale brown, 4x6mk. B. & Br. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name ijAos,

a nail; pop^i}, form. Nail-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 349. Hym. Eur. p. 252.

Icon. t. 120. f. 4 var. B. er 1 Br. n. 1239. C. Hbk. n. 338. Illust. PL 449. A.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 330.

614. A. scambus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( l A-i in.) broad, whit-
ish, fleshy, thin, convex then plane and depressed, slightly silky,
when young viscous in wet weather, but the viscus is soon ab-
sorbed by the underlying down, so that it is commonly very dry,
opaque. Stem 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 in.) or little more long, 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, curved-ascending, flocculose or sprinkled
with white mealy squamules, whitish, pubescent at the base. Gills
adnate, crowded, somewhat repand, light yellow-clay-colour.

The stem has a paler line down the centre indicative of hollowness, and
is fixed by the effused white naked mycelium. A very distinguished species,
departing very much from the type. Gregarious, tough. Very changeable.
There is a form with the stem attenuated and becoming ferruginous down-

DERMIXI.

275

wards, and with the pileus convex and umbonate, as much as 4 cent. (\y 2 Flammula.
in.) broad. Pileus at length clay-white.

In pine woods, on larch. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Name oxa/u.56s, bow-legged. With curved stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 351.
Hym. Eiir. p. 253. Icon. t. 120. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 157. B. & Br. n. 1417*.
C. Hbk. n. 339. lllust. PL 449. B. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 331.

A. filiceus Cke. Seem. Journ. 1863, p. 65. /. 3. f. i. lllust. PI. 450. On
tree-fern. Fries does not regard this as European.

Subgenus XXIII. NAUCOEJA (iiaucum, a nut -shell). Fr. Xaucoria.
Syst. Myc. i. p. 260. Veil none or fugacious, squamulose.
Stem cartilaginous, fistulose or spongy-
stuffed. Pileus more or less fleshy,
convexo-plane or conical, the margin
at the first inflexed. Gills free or ad-
nate, not decurrent. Growing on wood
or on the ground, somewhat rooted,
scarcely strong-smelling. Fr. Hym.
Eur.p. 253.

Naucoria corresponds with Collybia
and Leptonia. The species differ very
widely from each other. Spores fer-
ruginous. Not remarkable either for
smell or taste. None edible.

I. GymnotUyv/u.i'o?, naked). Pileus smooth.
Veil none. Spores ferruginous, not becoming
fuscous-ferruginous.

Gills free or slightly adnexed.

XXV. Agaricus (Naucoria)
semi orbicularis. One-half
natural size.

: " Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane.
'** Gills adnate, pileus campanulate then expanded.

II. Phaeoti (<<uds r dusky). Pileus naked. Gills and spores fuscous-ferrugi-
nous. Veil potential, but rarely manifest. (The partial veil visible in most
though fugacious, in the form of a cortina. Monogr. p. 375.)

Pediadei (ireSiW, a plain), growing infields and plains.

* Scorpioidei (A. scorpioides) , growing in moist, uncultivated, wooded
places.

III. Lepidoti (A.67rt?, a scale). Typical Naucorioe. Pileus flocculose or squam-
ulose. Veil manifest. Spores ferruginous. Compare Tubaria paludosus and
stagninus.

* Squamuhs of pileus superficial, separating.

* Pileus with innate squamules.

*** Pileus destitute of scales, silky or sprinkled with atoms. Compare A.
farfuraceus when old.

276 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. I. GvMNOTi. Pileus smooth. Veil none, &c.

* Gills free or slightly adnexed.

615. A. lugubris Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid
when young, then ferruginous, and at length almost date-brown,
fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh
white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick,
rooted, with a long attenuated fusiform root, stuffed with a white
spongy pith ; externally remarkably cartilaginous, rigid, smooth,
pallid upwards and when young, becoming ferruginous down-
wards and when older. Gills quite free, ventricose, but very broad
behind, 12 mm. (% in.) and more broad, crowded, pallid then

ferruginous, edge for the most part serrated.

Spores pallid then ferruginous. Veil quite awanting. Often csespitose. A
remarkable form has occurred with the pileus bullate and undulated, date-
brown on the disc, tenaciously viscid, and the stem short, 5 cent. (2 in.)

In a mountain fir wood. Coed Coch. Autumn.

Spores very irregular, 5-7 mk. subglobose, B. & Dr.; pruniform, rugu-
lose, 10 mk. Q. Name l-ugeo, to mourn. Sombre. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 364.
Hym. Eur. p. 253. Icon. t. 121. /. i. B. & Br. ?i. 1945^.

616. A. hamadryas Fr. Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad,
bay-brown-ferruginoits\\'\\ti\ young and moist, pale yellowish when
old and becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded,
gibbous, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3
lin.) thick, somewhat fragile, hollow, equal, naked, smooth, pallid.
Gills attenuato-adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventricose, almost
4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded, ferruginous, opaque.

Veil none. Widely removed from neighbouring species. Pileus somewhat
separate as in Plutei.

On the round in woods. Brandon.

Name 'A^aSpvas, a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 366. Hym. Eur. p. 254. Icon. t. 121. f. 3. B. & Br. n.
1870.

617. A. cidaris Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent (i in.) broad, but
when flattened as much as 5 cent (2 in.), clay-cinnamon when
moist, tan when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, membranaceous
round the undulated (scarcely inflexed) margin, conical then cam-
pannlate, even, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist;
flesh scissile, white when dry. Stem 4 cent. (i>^ i n -) or ^ u ^ e more
long, jfistulose, attenuated from the apex to the base (at the base 2
mm., i lin., at the apex 4 mm., 2 lin., thick), somewhat compressed,

DERMINI. 277

flexuous, smooth, tough, for the most part fuscous-black, of the Naucoria.
same colour as the pileus at the apex. Gills adfixed, separating-
free, ascending, ventricose, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more
broad, honey-colour or cinnamon-clay.

Almost inodorous. It occurs smaller and more elegant, with the pileus dark
tawny-cinnamon, the stem straight, and the gills less crowded. It approaches
A. cucumis.

In pine woods, c. Hereford, 1884.

Name cidaris, an ornament, tiara. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 367. Hym. Eur. p.
255. Icon. t. 123. /. 2 var. minor. Grevillea, vol. xii. /. 98. C. lllust. PL
451-

618. A. cucumis Pers. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) broad,
when moist bay-brown-fuscous, becoming somewhat purple and
paler towards the margin, when dry fawn or tan colour, slightly
fleshy, broadly campanulate, obtuse, smooth, even. Stem 2.5-5
cent. (1-2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i^ li n -) thick, firm, tense and straight,
attenuated downwards, stuffed, hollow thickened and somewhat
pruinose upwards, date-brown or fuscous-blackish, paler at the
apex. Veil none. Gills adnexed, very ventricose, crowded, dis-
tinct, pallid then somewhat saffron-yellow.

Spores ferruginous. It varies smaller, with the pileus somewhat membran-
aceous, papillate, slightly striate when moist. Odour of encumber.

On the ground in fir woods, and on sawdust. Frequent. Sept.-
Nov.

See remarks under A. pisciodorus. A. cucumis in certain stages smells
strongly of rotten fish. Spores 8x3 mk. W.P. ; pruniform, nucleate, 10 mk.
Q. Name cucumis, cucumber. Of the odour. Pers. Syn. p. 310. Fr.
Monogr. i. /. 368. Hym. Eur. p. 255. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 358.
lllust. PI. 452. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 332. A. fuscipes Soi*.'. t. 344.

619. A. anguineus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad,
pale yellowish or rufous, somewhat tan when dry, slightly fleshy,
campanulate then convex, gibbous, even, smooth, but when
young covered near tlie margin with a superficial silky zone from
the fibrils of the veil. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) thick, and more at the thickened base, somewhat hollow,
somewhat flexuous, densely wJiite-fibrillose, hence marked with
silky spots when dry, bay-brown. Gills somewhat free, ascend-
ing into the top of the cone, crowded, somewhat linear, at first
pallid-isabelline, then ferruginous.

Manifestly allied to A. cucumis, but larger, more robust, and remarkable
especially for the traces of the veil.

On the ground. West Lynn, &c. Nov.

278 AGARICUS.

Naucorki. Name anguis, a snake. From the flexuous and spotted stem. Fr.

Monogr. i. p. 368. Hym. Ezir. p. 255. Icon. t. 122. f. i. Grevillea, vol.
x. p. 66. C. lllust. PL 455.

620. A. centunculus Fr. Pileus 8-20 mm. (4-10 lin.) broad,
lurid or olivaceous-fuscous then becoming light yellow-green, be-
coming- pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then
plane, obtuse, often excentric, even, dry, slightly silky under a
lens, margin incurved. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, cinereous-light-
yellow, white-villous at the base and pulverulent with white
mealy squamules at the apex. Gills aclnate, but separating, broad,
rather thick, sometimes crowded, sometimes distant, convex and
undulated when old, light yellow-cinereous, also slightly toothed
at the edge with greenish-yellow floccules.

Spores ochraceous. The margin of the pileus according to Lasch is occa-
sionally yellow-pulverulent. The stem varies curved from position, commonly
incurved, often excentric. A very singular species, widely removed from all
others. Gregarious, even casspitose, firm, tough, and without a veil. There
is a smaller variety ; pileus thinner, margin striate, but agreeing in the singu-
lar combination of colours, cinereous, yellow and green.

On rotten wood. Rare. Oct.

Name cento, patchwork. From the colouring. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 369.
Hym. Eur. p. 255. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 359. Kalchbr. t. 17. /. 3.

621. A. horizontalis Bull. Watery cinnamon. Pileus 8 mm.
(4 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even. Stem
solid, very short, incurved, naked. Gills rounded-free, broad,
plane.

Pileus comparatively very fleshy, rufescent. Growing in troops like A. cor-
ticola ; at first sight somewhat sessile.

On elm-trunks. Rare.

Name horizontalis, horizontal. Bull. t. 324. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 256.
Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. ?t. 360. Sow. t. 341.

622. A. rimulincola Rabenh. Cinnamon. Pileus hemispheri-
cal, umbilicate, plicate, slightly wrinkled-tomentose. Stem some-
what excentric, short, incurved, somewhat thickened at the base.
Gills adnexed, somewhat distant, thick, very broad, whitish-
crenulate.

Spores ovoid, cinnamon.
On cut elm. Rannoch.

Name rimula, a small crack ; colo, to inhabit. Growing in crevices of the
bark. Rabenh. Exs. n. 1511. Flora 1851, /. 505. Hym. Eur. p. 256. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 333.

DERMINI. 279

623. A. semiflexus B. Br. Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, Naucona.
chestnut, hygrophanous, moderately fleshy, somewhat campanu-

late, then hemispherical or flattened above, margin adorned
with the delicate white veil; flesh white. Stem 18 mm. (} in.)
long, % lin. thick, solid, semi-horizontal. Gills adnexed, distant,
tawny.

Allied to A. horizontalis.

On the side of a bank. Ascot, 1867. Oct.

Spores echinulate, oblong, 9-10x6-9 mk. B. & Br. ; pruniform elliptical,
6-8 mk. Q. Name semi, half; flecto, to bend. From the semi-horizontal
stem. B. & Br. n. 1246. Fr. Hym. Eztr. p. 256.

624. A. rubricatus B. & Br. Casspitose; white then tinged
with red ; the very small pilei at length rather plane ; stems
slender.

On decayed bramble-twig. Hereford, 1878.

The largest specimen was scarce half an inch high, and the diameter of the
pileus about a quarter of an inch ; the stem hollow, sprinkled with delicate
mealy granules at the base, and about half-way up ; gills adnexed behind, and
narrowed in front, whitish, then flesh-coloured, becoming brownish, M.C.C.
Name rubrico, to colour red. B. & Br. n. 1873. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 43.

** Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane.

625. A. abstrusus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, ferrugin-
ous-clay, fleshy, thin, convex then plane, orbicular, even, smooth,
viscid; flesh watery, very thin at the circumference. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, remarkably cartilaginous,
tough, rigid, fistulose, equal, round, tense and straight, polished,
naked, even, pallid ferruginous, darker at the base. Veil none.
Gills adnate, crowded, plane, cinnamon or watery ferruginous.

The whole plant is slightly firm.

On sawdust and in woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.

Name abstrusus, hidden, secluded. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 370. Hym. Eur.
p. 257. Icon. t. 122. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1871. C. Illust. PL 456.

626. A. innocuus Lasch. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.) broad, ru-
fous, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse,
rather smooth (fibrilloso-evened under a lens), striate. Stem
4-5 cent. (i/4-2 in.) long, stuffed, white fibrillose, woolly at the
base. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, light yellow-ochraceous.

Spores rubiginous.

280 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. In damp places.

Name innocuus, harmless. Spores 10x4-6 mk. M.C.C. Lasch n. 398-
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 257. C. Illust. PL 489. a.

627. A. cerodes Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 in -) broad, watery
cinnamon when moist, tan-colour when dry, somewhat membran-
aceous, campanulato-convex and flattened, at length depressed,
obtuse, when moist smooth, pellucid-striate at the circumference,
when dry even, slightly si Iky -ato mate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sligjitly firm, fistulose, equal, some-
what flexuous, fibrilloso-striate under a lens, becoming bay-brown-
fuscous sometimes for the most part, sometimes only at the base,
pallid upwards, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, separating, very
broad beliind, hence almost triangular, somewhat distant, broad,
plane, soft, distinct, pallid then cinnamon, very finely fimbriated
at the edge under a lens.

The typical form, growing among damp mosses is quite early, gregarious,
with the colours almost those of A. hypnorum, but otherwise very different.
B. Another form occurs on naked, commonly burnt soil, in late autumn with
almost the habit of A. pediades, but with a different colour of gills and spores ;
this form is firmer, stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, tense and straight, and colour
more ochraceous.

Among moss. Sept.

In 'Hym. Eur.' (description a reprint of 'Epicr.') Fries gives the larger
form as the later. Spores 9 mk. B. & Br. Name /ojpos, wax. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 370. Hym. Eur. p. 257. B. & Br. n. 1948. C. Illust. PI. 489. b.

628. A. melinoides Fr. Pileus 12-18 mm. (%-% in.) broad,
tawny when moist, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex then
plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, smooth, striate at the margin
when old. Stem short, 4 cent. (1% in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
slightly firm, fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated, somewhat of
the same colour as tJie pileus, paler at the base, delicately white-
pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat tawny.

There is also an elongated form, confounded with A. cerodes, in which the
stem 155-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slightly attenuated at both ends, flexuous,
rather smooth, ochraceous; pileus globose then hemispherical, 12 mm. (y z
in.) broad ; gills adnate, ventricose, light yellowish-ochraceous. A. melinoides
Bull, is A. hypnorum, not this species, but in the same plate a figure of this
has crept in.

On lawns, roadsides, &c. Common. June-Nov.

In ' Hym. Eur.' gills are described as triangular-oblong, slightly toothed
and honey-coloured. Spores elliptic, 16 mk., with one or two nuclei, B. &*
Br. Name /u.e'Ai, honey. Honey-like. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 371. Hym. Eur.
p. 257. Berk. Out. p. 160. t. g. f. 3. C. Hbk. n. 361. Illust. PL 457. a. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 334. Bull. t. 560. /. i. F only.

DERMIXI. 28l

629. A. pusiolus Fr. Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, yellow, Naucoria.
not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical
then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid. Stem
scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, filiform, fistulose, tough, flexile,
smooth, slightly viscid, shining light yellow. Gills adnate, broad,
crowded, plane, watery cinnamon.

B. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin. ) broad, tawny-yellow, slightly fleshy, campan-
ulato-hemispherical, obtuse, even, viscous. Stem 4 cent. (i>< in.) long, almost
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, attenuated upwards, flexuous, smooth, somewhat viscous,
lemon-yellow, pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, distant, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad,
at first yellow-white. Always readily distinguished from all the preceding
species by the pileus and stem being viscid and lemon-yellow. Shining like
A. melinoides, not hygrophanous-atomate or slightly silky as in similar species
of Galera.

On the ground. West of England.

Name piisus, a little boy. Very small. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 372. Hym.
Eur. p. 258. Icon. t. 124. f. 4. D. & Br. n. 1347. C. lllust. PI. 457. b.
Pers. t. 25. f. i (an old state).

*** Gills adnate, pileus campanulate then expanded.

630. A. nuceus Bolt. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (*A-i in.) broad, pale
chestnut, somewhat membranaceous, globoso-campanulate, never
flattened, umbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted, the incurved margin
somewhat lobed. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, slender, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, but tough, fistulose, equal, with a small bulb at the
base, silky-fibrillose, becoming even, white. Veil not conspicuous.
Gills adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, semicircular (hence nar-
rower behind but not sinuate), plane, often undulated, cinnamon.

A wholly abnormal species, but the Swedish, Russian, and Scotch specimens
agree so exactly that it seems quite typical.

In pine woods. Rare. Oct.

Spores 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name mix, a nut. From its shape. Bolt. t.
70. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 372. Hym. Eur. p. 258. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk.
n. 362. lllust. PL 490. a. after Bolton. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 335.

631. A. scolecinus Fr. Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, bay-brown-ferruginous, opaque, paler round the margin,
slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, sometimes umbonate,
sometimes obtuse, even, smooth, fragile, at length striate round
the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, rigid, fistulose,
equal, often flexuous and curved, rufous-ferruginous, 'white-mealy
at first everywhere, then at the paler apex, becoming fuscous at
the base. Veil none. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, distinct,

282 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. broader behind (scarcely beyond 2 mm., i lin., broad), whitish-
flesh-colour then ferruginous, the flocculose edge ciliated.

Spores dark ferruginous.

On moist ground under alders. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867.
Sept.

Spores apiculate, 7 x 25 mk. B. & Br. Name O-KWAT^, a worm. From the
curved and flexuous stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 374. Hym. Eur. p. 258. B.
& Br. n. 1247. C. Illust. PL 491. b.

632. A. striaepes Cke. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) broad,
ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, smooth, even.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal,
erect or flexuous, white, longitudinally striate. Gills slightly
adnate behind, rather distant, tawny-ferruginous.

C(Bspitose, or gregarious.

Among grass on lawn. Kew Gardens.

Name stria, a line ; pes, a foot. Striate-stemmed. Cke. Grevillea, -vol.
xiii. p. 60. Illust. PL 478.

633. A. sideroides Bull. Pileus pale yellowish or cinnamon
when moist, tan-ochraceous when dry, somewhat shining, slightly
fleshy, campanulate (12 mm., ^ in., high and broad) then ex-
panded (almost 2.5 cent., i in., broad), umbonate, smooth, even,
very slightly viscid when moist ; the margin when young incurved,
entire, then slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm.
(1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes fistulose, sometimes stuffed, slightly
firm, equal, sometimes undulated or slightly thickened at the
apex, even, smooth or white-pruinose at the apex, pallid then
becoming yellow, becoming ferruginous downwards, and at length
becoming fuscous at the base. Gills adnate, with a small decur-
rent tooth, sometimes sinuate and hence uncinato-adfixed, ascend-
ing, crowded, li?iear, becoming watery yellow - ochraceous, at
length somewhat cinnamon.

A form which grows on the ground departs from the type in the paler colour,
honey-coloured. Veil absolutely none.

On stumps and on ash-trunks. Rare. Oct.-Nov.

Much thicker than A. hypnorum, which it somewhat resembles. Spores 10-
13 mk., half as much wide, B. fir 1 Br. Name o-i'Srjpos, iron. Ferruginous.
From the stem. Bull. t. 588. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 373. Hym. Eur. p. 258.
B. &> Br. n. 1007, 1947. C. Hbk. n. 363. Illust. PL 458. a. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 336.

634. A. badipes Fr. Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, pale

DERMINI. 283

yellowish-ferruginous when moist, tan when dry, somewhat mem-
branaceous, campanulate then convex, umbonate, quite smooth,
pellucidly striate to the umbo when moist, even when dry. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, exactly
equal, firm and rigid, but often flexuous, ferruginous, darker and
becoming fuscous towards the base, variegated up to the middle
with white floccose scales, above the middle wholly naked, even,
paler. Gills adnate, ventricose, thin, somewhat distant, disti)ict,
at length plane, pale yellowish-ferruginous.

Allied to Galerce ; the margin of the pileus is almost straight and adpressed
to the stem. The gills are so ventricose that when casually inspected they
appear as if free. The partial veil is not evident ; but the scales on the stem
are without doubt the fragments of a universal veil.

Under larch. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct.

Spores pruniform, 10-12 mk. Q. Name badius, bay-brown ; pes, a foot.
From the colour of the stem. A. badipus Pers. Syn. p. 318? Fr. Monogr. \.
'. 374. Hym. Eur. p. 259. Icon. t. 123. /. 3. B. &= Br. n. 1764. C. lllust.
s'l. 491. a.

II. PH^EOTI. Pileus naked,

* Pediadei, growing in fields and plains.

635. A. vervacti Fr. Pileus light yellow or pallid yellow,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, soft, even, smooth, slightly
viscid, shining when dry ; flesh white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid, stuffed then hollow
upwards, equally attemiated, even, smooth, not rooted, whitish.
Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad,
exactly plane, at first pallid, at length ferruginous-fuscous.

Veil quite obsolete. The stem is rather thick, attenuated sometimes up-
wards, sometimes downwards. Gills at length ventricose.

In meadows, gardens, c. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov.

Name vervactum, fallow ground. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p.
260. Berk. Out. p. 160. C. Hbk. n. 364. A. arvalis Batt. t. 13. F.

636. A. triscopus Fr. Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, bay-
brown when moist, ochraceous when dry, always opaque, slightly
fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a
prominent umbo, even, smooth. Stem 1-2.5 cent. ( l /z-\ in.) and
more long, stuffed then delicately fistulose, filiform, equal, curved
or flexuous, smooth, opaque, ferruginous, umber at the base.
Gills adnate, plane, thin, somewhat crowded, dark ferruginous.

Spores dark ferruginous. Stature that of A. inquilimis, colour that of A.
sparteus, to which it is somewhat like, but the stem is not tense and straight

284 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. as in that species. It varies very small, very thin, with the pileus 4 mm. (2
lin.) broad, pellucid-striate, and with distant gills.

On old wood in a cellar. Kilburn, 1882.

Name Qptg, hair; TTOU?, a foot. From the hair-like stem. Fr. Monogr. i.
375- Hym. Eur. p. 259. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 59. C. Illust. PL 458. b.

637. A. pediades Fr. Pileus 2. 5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad,
or pale yellowish-ochraceous then becoming pale, slightly fleshy,
convex then plane, obtuse, even, dry, smooth, at length rimoso-
rivulose, but always without striae ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed with a pith, some-
what flexuous, tough, equal, but with a small bulb at the base,
slightly silky becoming even, yellowish. Gills aclnexed, 4 mm. (2
lin.) broad, at first crowded, at length somewhat distant, somewhat
fuscous then dingv cinnamon.

Spores fuscous-ferruginous. The small bulb at the base is formed by the
mycelium being rolled together. Stature variable.

In pastures, roadsides, &c. Frequent. July-Nov.

Name TreSiW, a plain. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk.
Out. p. 160. C. Hbk. n. 365. Illust. PI. 492. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 337. A.
arvalis Letell. t. 675. B. A. pusillus Schceff. t. 203.

638. A. semi-orbicularis Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)
broad, tawny -ferruginous then ochraceous, slightly fleshy, con-
vexo-expanded, obtuse, dry, even, smooth, corrugated when dry.
Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, cartilaginous, tough, slender, tense and straight, equal,
even, smooth, becoming pallid ferruginous, shining, often darker
at the base, internally containing a separate fistulose tube which is
easily broken up into fibrils. Gills adnate, rarely sinuate behind,
almost 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, and many times broader than the
flesh of the pileus, crowded, pallid tJien ferruginous.

In pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. June-Oct.

The pileus is slightly viscid when fresh and moist. Easily distinguished
from A. semiglobatus, with which it has been confounded, by the stem. Spores
I4x8mk. W.G.S. Name semi, half; orbicularis, round. Bull. t. 422. f.
i. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk. Out. p. 160. /. g.f. 4.
C. Hbk. n. 366. Illust. PL 493. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 338.

639. A. tabacinus Dec. Pileus 6-18 mm. (3-9 lin.) broad,
umber then bay-brown-cinnamon, very moist, dingy tan when dry,
slightly fleshy, plane and very obtuse at the disc, involute at the
margin, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick and when shorter more, hollow, attenuated downwards

DERMINI. 285

when shorter, somewhat flexuous, smooth, naked, darker and///^- Naucona.
cous at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, sometimes linear,
sometimes ovate, at length bay-brown-cinnamon.

Caespitose. When fresh wholly bay-brown-fuscous, but hygrophanous.
Veil commonly none, but a woven veil appendiculate to the margin of the
pileus has been observed. Habit of A. cucumis.

Among short grass. Kew Gardens.

Name tabacum ; of the colour of tobacco. Dec. Fl.fr. 5. /. 46? Ft:
Moitogr. i. p. 377. Hym. Eur. p. 261. C. lllust. PL 493. b.

** Scorpioidei, growing in moist, uncultivated, wooded places.

640. A. tenax Fr. Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, varying between cinnamon and an olivaceous or somewhat
fuscous yellowish, dirty, becoming pale when dry, somewhat fleshy,
but thin, so that the gills at length shine through, hemispherical
then expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, even, viscid especially
when young. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
stuffed then hollow, equal, round, adpressedly and becoming even-

fibrillose, so that at first sight it seems slightly striate and smooth,
dingy pallid (light yellowish) then becoming fuscous or becoming
olive. Gills adnate, afterwards somewhat rounded and somewhat
separating, broad, plane, almost distant, sometimes triangular,
sometimes oblong, whitish-fuscous, becoming ferruginous, whitish
and quite entire at the edge.

Veil in the form of a cortina, fugacious. Pileus sometimes slightly wrinkled.
Readily distinguished, from A. myosotis by the hygrophanous colour, &c.

In a ditch among sticks. Welford, Norths., 1868, c. Oct.

Spores ovate, even, B. &> Br. ; 5x4 mk. \V.P. Name tenax, tough.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 378. Hym. Eur. p. 261. B. & Br. n. 1248, 1872.

641. A. myosotis Fr. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, oli-
vaceous or fuscous-green then becoming pale, becoming light yel-
low, disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate
when flattened, even, smooth, with a viscous pellicle; flesh thin,
pallid. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuous, sometimes fibrillose
(the fibrils here and there blackish), sometimes scaly, pallid then
becoming fuscous, white-pruinose at the apex. Cortina manifest,
but fugacious, fringing the margin. Gills adnate, decurrent
with a tooth, somewhat distant, broad, pallid umber-olivaceous
then at length brown-ferruginous, serrated and whitish at the edge.

The colours are very peculiar. Very distinguished and easily recognised, but
there are many forms departing from the type.

286 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. In moist places. Scarborough. Aug.

Name from combination of colours in Myosotis. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 378.
Hym. Eur. p. 261. Icon. t. 125. f. T., C. Illust. PI. 494.

642. A. temulentus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 in-) broad,
ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous,
somewhat membranaceous, somewhat fleshy at the disc, campan-
ulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, striate at the cir-
cumference when moist, even when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fatu/ose with a pith, tough, equal, flex-
uous or undulated on the surface, even, polished, smooth, pulveru-
lent at the apex, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, some-
what distant, attenuated in front, at first lurid-ferruginous, at
length umber.

The pileus is never depressed, nor has it a distinct pellicle. Veil none.
Slender. Not allied to A. tenax, &c., and inclining towards Galerce.

In open wood. Glamis, &c. Aug.-Sept.

Name temulentus, drunken. Full of moisture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 379.
Hym. Eur. p. 262. Icon. t. 125. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1530. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 339. C. Illust. PL 459. Bat sch t. 7. fig. d.

III. LEPIDOTI. (Typical Naucorias.) Pileus flocculose, &c.
* Squamules of pileus superficial, separating.

643. A. sobrius Fr. Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, honey-
colour, disc darker, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse,
well formed, smooth, even, moist, scarcely viscid, very slightly
silky, veil pritinose, fugacious. Stem 4 cent. (i% in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, moderately tough, straight or
slightly bent, equal, pallid upwards, ferruginous-fuscous down-
wards, occasionally sprinkled with slightly silky whitish spots
(from the veil). Gills broader behind, obtusely adnate, somewhat
distant, plane, 3 mm. (i}4 lin.) broad, paler than the pileus.

The pileus is not bibulous and hygrophanous. Its habit is that of A.fur-
turaceus, but it differs by many marks, and especially by the veil being so
obsoletely squamulose, that traces of it appear only in the younger state (on
the margin of the pileus and stem), wherefore it is rather to be looked for
among Gymnoti.

On the ground in mixed woods. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the gills as crowded, as " saffron-yellow-pal-
lid " and "whitish at the edge." In my specimens they were scarcely crowded.
The edge is whitish in var. dispersus. Name sobrius, sober. Not bibulous ;
not imbibing moisture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 382. Hym. Eiir. p. 263. B. &
Br. n. 912. C. Hbk. n. 367. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 340.

DERMINI. 287

Var. dispersus B. Br. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad,
ochraceous, convex, delicately marked with small dots, margin
furfuraceous. Stem 18 mm.-2.5 cent. (}{-i in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, thickened upwards or equal, furfuraceous ;
ring appendiculate. Gills adnate, plane, pallid, white at the
margin.

On lawn. July. Name dispersus, scattered. From its habit of growth.
B. & Br. n. 1348. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 340. A. dispersus Pers.

** Pileus 'with innate squamules.

644. A. erinaceus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (%. in.) \)roa.&, ferrugtn-

ous-umber, slightly fleshy, convex, nmbilicate, scaly and prickly
with very densely crowded, fasciculate flocci, squarrose, at the
first involute at the margin and furnished with a cortina. Stem
about 12 mm. (> in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose,
tough, equal, incurved, everywhere shaggy with strigose hairs,
-umber -ferruginous. Gills adnate, not much crowded, rather
broad, quite entire, of the same colour as the pileus.

The stem is adnate with the epidermis of the branches by a white, dilated,
floccose base, not erumpent. Solitary, arid, persistent like Marasmii.

On dead branches. Rare. Aug.-March.

Name erinaceus, hedgehog. Bristly. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 384. Hym.

Eur. p. 263. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 370. 1 1 lust. PI. 480. a. S.

Mycol. Scot. n. 341. Sow. t. 417. A. adpressus Brig. t. 41. /. 1-5. A. aridus
Pers. Bait. t. 28. /. K.

645. A. siparius Fr. Wholly rufous-ferruginous. Pileus 6-
10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, ob-
tuse, not umbilicate, densely villoso-squamulose; flesh thick, soft,
not arid. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
stuffed, somewhat soft, equal, tense and straight, almost every-
where covered over with scaly villous down which takes the form
of a veil sheathing the lower part, the apex being destitute of this
covering and pruinose. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, broad,
quaternate,

In the stem there is a very obsolete small tube, not visible to the naked eye.
The floccoso-scaly covering is a universal veil, as in A. granulosus, and the
margin of the pileus is appendiculate with fragments of the veil. Analogous
with A. erinaceus. The flesh is thicker and softer than in that species.

On wood, soil, cases of caddis-worm, &c. Rare. July.

Found by Fries on withered stems of Aspidiumfelix mas. Name siparius,
a curtain. From the covering formed by the veil. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 385.
Hym. Eur. p. 263. Icon. t. 126. /. 2. 'Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 371.

288 AGARICUS.

Naucoria. Illust. PL 480. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 342. A. vestitus Chev. Par. p. 215. t.
6. f. 9 (short-stemmed, young).

646. A. conspersus Pers. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (X- 1 in.) broad,
bay-brown- or rufous-cinnamon when fresh, ochraceous when
dry, very hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, campanulato - convex
then flattened, obtuse, at first rather even, soon furfuraceous and
broken up into small scales. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, fibrillose, cinnamon, ochraceous
when dry, squamiiloso-fui'furaceous at the apex. Gills at first ad-
nate, then emarginato-^<2r<2//;/-, crowded, sometimes linear,
sometimes ventricose, dark cinnamon ; edge entire, of the same
colour.

The gills retain their dark colour in every stage of growth. Gregarious,

fragile. In boggy places a remarkable variety occurs twice or thrice as large

in all its parts, with the stem long, twisted, umber, white-tomentose at the

base, with the pileus umbonate, 4 cent. (T.% in.) broad, fuscous-rufescent, and

with the gills broader.

On the ground and among leaves in woods. Uncommon.
Sept.-Oct.

Name conspersus, besprinkled. From the scales. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 12.
f. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 383. Hym. Eur. p. 264. B. 6 Br. n. 911. C.
Hbk. n. 369. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 343. Krombh. t. 3. f. 12.

647. A. escharoides Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (*4 in.) broad, tan
then whitish, disc at length becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy,
soft, conico-convex soon flattened, obtuse, without striae, squamu-
loso-furfuraceous j flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and
more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fragile, fistulose, equal,
flexuous, adpressedly fibrillose (becoming smooth), pallid, at
length becoming fuscous, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills
at first adfixed, even decurrent with a tooth, at length emarginate,
somewhat free, ventricose, broad, lax, pallid-tan, at length some-
what cinnamon with the spores.

Very changeable, but very easily distinguished from all neighbouring
species by the primitive colour of all its parts bei?ig pallid. Gregarious,
somewhat casspitose.

On bare damp ground. Apethorpe. Aug.

Exactly the plant of Schasffer t. 226. Pileus campanulate, obtuse, slightly
fleshy, umbonate or umbilicate, sometimes plane, hygrophanous, innato-
squamulose, often venulose, tawny at length pallid ; veil white, evanescent ;
stem flexuous, nearly equal, clothed with white fibrils, pale, ringless, fistulose ;
gills broad, bright cinnamon, distant, fixed, acute behind, at length seceding.
Brittle, B. &= Br. Spores of a pure ochre, not peroxidate, 16-17 m k. B. <r>
Br. Name eschara, scab. From the scabby or scurfy scales. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 383. Hym. Eur. p. 264. B. 6 Br. n. 1122. C. Hbk. n. 368. Schtzff;
t. 226. var.

DERMINI. 289

*** Pileus destitute of scales, silky or sprinkled with atoms. Naucoria.

648. A. carpophilus Fr. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
somewhat tan when moist, pallid, even whitish when dry, hygro-
phanous, somewhat membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate
with shining atoms, sometimes at the same time floccoso-squam-
ulose. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, filiform and
sometimes capillary, stuffed or obsoletely fistulose, pallid, atjirst

furfuraceous, then naked. Gills rounded-adnexed, somewhat
free, ventricose, broad, somewhat distant, crenulated, at first
pallid, at length ochraceous.

Allied to A. furfur aceus.

On beech mast and leaves. Rare. Sept.-Oct.

In letterpress to ' Icones ' Fries says the pileus is 2 mm. (i lin.) rarely more
broad. Name *copn-6?, fruit ; $i'Aos, loving. From its usual habitat on fruit
of beech, &c. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 386. Hym. Eur. p. 265. Icon. t. 126. f. 4.
B. & Br. n. 910. C. Hbk. n. 372. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 344.

649. A. graminicola Nees. Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, fus-
cous then fawn-ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous, convex,
papillate, shaggy-tomentose. Stem slender, tough, hirsute, be-
coming fuscous. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat distant, pallid-
ochraceous.

Remarkable. Under a lens the pileus is covered with strigose hairs.
On stalks of grass. Glamis, 1874. Oct.

The specimens which I submitted to Berkeley have confirmed the opinion
that it is a true Naucoria, a point which was doubtful when ' Hym. Eur. 1 was
published. Name gramen, grass ; colo, to inhabit. Growing on grasses.
Nees. Syst. f. 186. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 265. B. &= Br. n. 1532. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 345. Krombh. t. 3. f. 13 (handsomer, stem branched).

Submenus XXIV. PLUTEOLUS (from Pluteus, a subgenus of Piuteoius.
Hyporhodii). Pileus slightly fleshy, viscid, conical or campanu-
late then expanded, the margin at the first straight, adpressed to
the stem. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, separate from the hy-
menophore. Gills rounded-free, wholly like those of Plutei. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 266.

Analogous with Phitei.

650. A. reticulatus Pers. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, vio-
laceous, varying fuscous and livid grey, slightly fleshy, campanu-
late then expanded, umbonate when full grown, somewhat repand,
VOL. I. T

290

AGARICUS.

Pluteolus. at first viscous and covered over with a network of anastomos-
ing veins, when full grown more even or slightly pitted, slightly

striate at the margin. Stem 5 cent.
(2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more
thick, hollow, equal, fragile (but the
cuticle becoming polished-even or car-
tilaginous), fibrillose^ white, mealy at
the apex. Grills planely free, ventri-
cose, crowded, arid, dingy cinnamon.

Spores dark ferruginous.
On dead wood. Rare.

In the young state the pileus is of a delicate
bistre, and it is only in age that it assumes a
violet tinge, apparently from the colour of the
spores being partly seen through the flesh.
Care must be taken to distinguish it from

XXVI. Agaricvs (Pluteolus) reti' such species as A. phlebophorus, M.J.B.
ctdatus. One-half natural size. Name rete, a net. From the network of

veins on the pileus. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 4. f.

4-6. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 387. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Berk. Out. p. 162. t. 9.

/. 5. C. Hbk. n. 373. Illust. PL 495.

651. A. aleuriatus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( l A-i in.) broad,
bluish-grey, livid, rose-colour, somewhat membranaceous, conical
then convexo-plane, viscous, striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long,
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, incurved, pulverulent, white. Gills
free, ventricose, saffron-ochraceous.

In structure and nature it is very closely allied to A. reticulatus, and does
not differ from it except in the stature of all its parts being smaller and thinner,
in the fistulose incurved stem being everywhere white-pulverulent, in the'pileus
being somewhat membranaceous, striate but by no means wrinkled, and in the
gills being saffron-ochraceous and the spores bright ochraceous.

On rotten sticks, &c. Coed Coch. Oct.

Name a\evpov, flour. Dusted over. From the pulverulent stem. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 388. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Icon. t. 126. /. 5. B. & Br. n. 1123.
C. Hbk. n. 374.

Gaiera. Subgenus XXV. GALERA {galerus, a cap). Fr. Syst. Myc.

i. p. 264. Veil none or fibrillose. Stem somewhat cartil-
aginous, continuous with the hymenophore, tubular (tube some-
what hollow). Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical
or oval then expanded, striate, margin at the first straight,
adpressed to the stem. Gills not decurrent. Slender, fragile.

DERMINI.

291

The typical character differs manifestly from Naucorias, but Galera.

in one or two species of the Naucorise the margin is scarcely

distinctly incurved, though from the

habit and other marks these may be

reckoned among the Naucoriae, such

as A. cncumis, cidaris, and badipes.

Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 266.

Galera corresponds with Mycena and
Nolanea. Spores ochrey-ferruginous.
Mostly autumnal, and growing on the
ground.

* Conocephali (KOH/O?, cone ; /ee^aArj, head).
Pileus conico campanulate, hygrophanous,
rather even, when dry dotted with soft par-
ticles ; stem tense and straight ; gills ascend-
ing, inserted in the top of the cone, somewhat
crowded. Veil none.

** Bryogeni (Ppvov, moss; yei/ea, birth).
Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate,
smooth, hygrophanous, even when dry, opaque,
very slightly silky ; stem thin, lax, flexile;

gills broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate. Slender, grow-
ing among moss, cortina very fugacious.

* Eriodermei (epiov, wool ; Sep^a, skin). Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
veil manifest, superficial, separating, at the first (chiefiy round the margin}
silky and squamulose. Compare Tubaria, A. paludosus, &c., with decurrent
gills.

A'A'J'//. Agaricus (Galera) tcncr.
One-third natural size.

* CONOCEPHALI. Pileus conico-campanulate, &c.

652. A. lateritius Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, pale yellow-
ish when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, membran-
aceous, acorn -shaped then campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth,
slightly and densely striate at the margin when moist. Stem 7.5
cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, atten-
uated upwards, tense and straight, even, but white -pruinose,
whitish. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, hence appearing as
if free, ascending, very narrow, crowded, cinnamon.

Gills almost adpressed to the stem, almost pendulous. Remarkably analo-
gous with A. ovalis, but easily distinguished by the linear gills and the
absence of a veil ; very fragile.

In rich pastures. Rare. Sept.

Spores ii x 5 mk. W.P. Name later, a brick. Brick-red. Fr. Monogr.
\.p. 390. Hym. Eur. p. 267. Icon. t. 127. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 162. C. Hbk.
n. 376. Illust. PI. 460. S. My col. Scot. n. 346. Fl. Dan. t. 1846, /. 2.
Batt. t. 28. T.

653. A. tener Schaeff. Pileus 12 mm. (y 2 in.) and more high,

AGARICUS.

Galera. of one colour, pallid ferruginous when damp, becoming pale when
dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, conico-campanu-
late, commonly smooth, slightly striate when moist, wholly even
when dry, opaque, somewhat atomate. Stem commonly 7.5-10
cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal or
when larger thickened downwards, tense and straight, somewhat
shining, striate upwards, of the same colour as the pileus when
moist, and like it becoming pale when dry. Gills adnate in the
top of the cone, appearing as if free, ascending, somewhat crowded,
linear, cinnamon.

The gills though linear are conspicuously broader than those of A. lateritius.
Very changeable, larger and smaller. A notable form is A. pilosellus P. (on
rotten wood), pileus and stem when moist pubescent with short erect tender
hairs. Var. growing in drier weather : A. gilvo-brunneus Jimgh. t. 6. f. 12.

Pastures and grassy places in woods. Common. May-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid, 14-21 x 8-12 mk. K. ; 14-8 mk. W.G.S. ; 14x7 mk. }\\P.
Name tener, tender. Sch&ff, t. 70. f. 6-8. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 391. Hym.
Eur. p. 267. Berk. Out. p. 162. B. &= Br. n. 2005*. C. Hbk. n. 377. Illust.
PL 461. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 347. Sow. t. 33. /. i. Bull. t. 535. /. i. Bolt.
66. f. 2. Brigant. t. 19. f. 5-10.

654. A. ovalis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high and broad,
ferruginous when moist, becoming yellow when dry, somewhat
membranaceous, ovali - campanulate, margin straight and ad-
pressed to the stem, obtuse, even. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense and straight, slightly
striate, of the same colour as the pileus. The partial veil fugacious,
but at the first here and there in the form of a ring. Gills some-
whatfree, very ventricose, very broad, crowded, ferruginous, some-
what deliquescent.

Large, very fragile, with the nature of the Pratellcz.

On dung and among grass. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Name ovalis, oval. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hym. Eur. p. 268. Berk.
Out. p. 162. C. Hbk. n. 375. Illust. PI. 462. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 348. A.
campanulatus Bull. t. 552. /. i.

655. A. antipus Lasch. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (X~i in-) broad,
deep ochraceous when moist, pale almost white when dry, hy-
grophanous, campanulate then expanded, with a slightly fleshy
prominent disc, but not umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh white
when dry. Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, paler than the pileus,
tense and straight, striate, mealy, bulbous at the base, with a
long, tortuous, smooth, tail-like root. Gills almost free, atten-
uated behind, crowded, semi -lanceolate, light yellowish -ochra-
ceous then at length cinnamon.

DERMINI. 293

Single, slightly rigid. Spores rubiginous. Galera.

On soil in gardens, and on dung. Rare. March.

Spores 15-18 x 8 mk. B. & Br. Name ami, opposite ; n-ov's, a foot. Ap-
parently of the root as compared with the stem. Lasch n. 401. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 268. Monogr. ii. p. 303. Icon. t. 128. /. 2. B. ijr 3 Br. n. 1251.
C. Hbk. n. 378. Illust. PL 463. a.

656. A. confertus Bolt. Pileus fuscous, fuscous-ochraceous
when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, acutely
conico-campanulate, striate, smooth. Stem slender, silky, shining,
naked, the equal base very deeply rooted. Gills slightly adnexed,
somewhat distant, white then becoming fuscous-ochraceous.

Spores fuscous-ferruginous. Very crowded, somewhat csespitose, very
fragile.

In hothouses, c. Halifax.

In large specimens it is about 2.5 cent, (i in.) in diameter. Bolt. Name
confertus, crowded together. Bolt. t. 18. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 268. Berk. Out.
p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 379. Illust. PL 463. b. after Bolton.

657. A. sparteus Fr. Watery ferruginous or cinnamon, becom-
ing pale. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad, hygrophanous, tan when
dry, membranaceous, campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse,
striate, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i
lin.) thick, delicately Jistulose, tense and straight but flexile,
polished, smooth, darker somewhat date-brown at the base. Gills
wholly adnate, somewhat linear, crowded, at length plane, darker
than the pileus.

Gregarious, very tender. It holds an intermediate place between this and
the following group, approaching nearest to species in this on account of the
obtuse pileus, crowded gills, and tense and straight stem. Pileus pellucid-
striate when moist.

Among moss. Rare. Sept.

Name spartum, a grass, esparto. Probably from the stem. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 392. Hym. Eur. p. 269. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 380. Illust.
PL 481. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 349. A. atrorufus Bolt. t. 51. f. i.

658. A. pygmaeo-affinis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more
broad, somewhat fuscous or honey-colour then tan, fleshy-membran-
aceous, campanulate then flattened, dry, without strias, but deli-
cately and under a le?is conspicuously reticulato-wrinkled, almost
rugged. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis-
tulose, fragile, perfectly equal, shining white, obsoletely pruinose
at the apex only when young. Veil scarcely any. Gills slightly
reaching the stem, almost free, crowded, thin, quite entire, when
young clay-ochraceous, when full grown ferruginous-ochraceous.

294 AGARICUS.

Galera. Like A. pygmesus, but differing in the elongated stem, c.

In a cucumber-house. West Lynn, &c. Nov.

Fries gives as its habitat grassy places in walks shaded by trees. Spores
8x4 ink. W.P. Name affinis, allied to A. pygmcBits. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389.
Hym. Eur.p. 269. Icon. t. 128. /. i. C. Illust. PL 481. b.

** BRYOGENI. Pileits membranaceous ^ camp emulate, &>c.

659. A. vittaeformis Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (X- 1 in.) broad,
date-drown when moist, membranaceous, conical then hemispheri-
cal, obtuse, even at the disc, striate towards the margin, smooth.

Stem 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 i n O l n &> : ~ 2 mm - ( 1 A~ 1 lin-) thick, fis-
tulose, equal, somewhat straight, but not tense and straight, smooth
or sometimes pubescent, slightly striate under a lens, opaque,
rubiginous. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills adnate, broader at
the middle, in the form of a segment when larger, somewhat
ascending, somewhat distant, at first watery-cinnamon, at length
ferruginous.

A smaller form, corresponding with the figure of Schseffer, has the pileus
papillate, the gills linear, and the stem paler.

Among moss and grass. Perth, &c. Nov.

Name mtta, a chaplet ; forma, form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 393. Hym. Eur.
p. 269. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 350. C. Illust. PL 404. a. A. campanulatus
Scluzjf. t. 63. f. 4-6 (stem light yellowish).

660. A. rubiginosus Pers. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad,
cinnamon or honey colour when moist, tan when dry, hygrophan-
ous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate throughout,
smooth, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) \wg, filiform, fis-
tulose, tough, flaccid, smooth, shining, bay-brown or dark ferrugi-
nous. Gills adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear,
distant, ochraceous.

It varies with the stem pubescent under a lens. Among the taller mosses
the stem is elongated, and more tense and straight. The gills do not become
pale. Intermediate between A. vitt&formis and A. hypnorum.

Among moss. Kew Gardens, 1866. Sept.-Oct.

Name rubigo, rust. From the colour of the stem. Pers. Syn. p. 385. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 269. Icon. t. 128. f. 3. B. 6 s Br. n. 1252.
C. Illust. PL 464. b. minor. Mich. Gen. t. 75. /. 8.

661. A. hypnorum Batsch. Pileus 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad,
ochraceous-pale-yellowish or watery-cinnamon, tan when dry-
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, most fre-
quently papillate at the umbo, but varying obtuse, lineato-striate

DERMINI. 295

except at the disc, smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, fis- Galera.
tu\ose,JZexu0us, lax, smooth, but pruinose at the apex, sometimes
rigid and slightly tawny, sometimes filiform, almost capillary
and lemon-yellow or ochraceous. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose,
distant, commonly connected with veins, cinnamon-tawny, floc-
culose at the edge.

Pileus more fleshy at the disc. Small, thin, assuming many forms.
Among moss. Common. July-Nov.

Requires to be cautiously distinguished from small A. melinoides. Attend
to the difference of the margin, M.J.B. In ' Elenchus ' (p. 35) Fries thus
defines the differences between A. tener, A. melinoides and A. hypnorum :

1) A. tener, stem tense and straight, pileus conical, gills linear and ascending ;

2) A. melinoides, stem somewhat tense and straight, unequal, pruinate, paler,
pileus fleshy -membranaceous, gills triangular; 3) A, hypnorum, stem more
flexile and pruinate, pileus campanulate and somewhat papillate, gills distant
and broader. Name hypnum, a moss. Growing among mosses. Batschf.
96. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 270. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk.
n. 382. Illust. PI. 465. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 351. Sow. t. 282. Bull. t. 560.

/. i. CE.

* A. sphagnorum Pers. Twice or thrice as large, yellow-
ochraceous; pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, disc broad ;
stem longer, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.), and firmer, fibrillose, tawny.

In marshes among Sphagna. Name sphagnum, bog-moss. Pers. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 270. B. & Br. n. 1008. C. Hbk. n. 383.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 351. Bull. t. 560. /. H.

662. A. mniophilus Lasch. Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) and more
broad, fuscous-light-yellowish, almost clay-colour when dry, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, flexile,
fibrillose, yellow, mealy at the apex, floccose at the base. Gills
obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, somewhat distant, light
yellowish-QC\).r3.ctQus, in some becoming fuscous-clay-colour.

Scarcely different in its essential marks from A. hypnorum.
Among Mnium. Rannoch, c. Sept.-Oct.

Name \i.viov t moss ; (|H'A.OS, loving. Lasch n. 410. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 270.
Monogr. i. p. 395. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 352. C. Illust. PI. 496. a. Schcsff. t. 63.
excluding^j. 4-6. Mich. t. 80. /. 8. "

663. A. minutus Quel. Pileus 2-3 mm. (\-\ l /2 lin.) broad,
chamois-bistre, membranaceous, campanulate, striate. Stem i
cent. (y z in.) long, somewhat capillary, smooth, tawny, shining,
base webbed-spreading and white. Gills adnato-arcuate, as broad

296 AGARICUS.

Gaiera. as long, moderately crowded, yellowish then clay-colour with the
edge whitish.

Among moss. Wrotham, Kent, &c. Sept.-Oct.

Spores pruniform, 6 mk. Namemmutus, very small. Quel. iii. p. 10. t.
i./. 5. B. & Br. n. 1656*. C. Illust. PL 466. b. S. My col. Scot. Sup p.
Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24.

ERIODERMEI. P ileus somewhat membranaceous,

664. A. ravidus Fr. Pileus 1-4 cent. (>-!> in -) broad, of a
peculiar greyish colour, fleshy-membranaceous, at first campanu-
lato-hemispherical, even, moist, almost slightly viscid, but very
hygrophanous, and hence somewhat silky when dry, when young
appendiculato-toothed with the white veil. Stem 4-7-5 cent.
(iX~3 m -) l n g> 2 mm - ( T li n -) tmc k, fistulose, very fragile, ascend-
ing or twisted, equal, pallid (becoming somewhat yellow) but
silvery-shining, fibrilloso-striate, somewhat pruinose at the apex.
Gills somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant, ochraceous-saffron
or pale yellowish.

Gregarious, fragile.
Among chips.

Name ravus, grey. Greyish. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 389. Hym. Eur. p. 271.
C. Illust. PL 467. a.

665. A. mycenopsis Fr. Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad,
pallid honey-colour, slightly fleshy-membranaceous, somewhat
globose then campanulate, at length convexo-plane, obtuse or gib-
bous with a broadly elevated disc, naked and even at the disc,
striate and silky with superficial white-villous down to the middle.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick,
fistulose, sometimes straight (but not tense and straight), some-
times undulated, attenuated upwards, yellowish, but white silky
with adpressed villous down, obsoletely pruinate at the apex.
Gills so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, dis-
tant, at first adnexed, at length somewhat free, pallid, the edge
delicately flocculose.

In a plant very like this the gills are adnate, very broad behind, at length
plane, becoming whitish-yellow.

In marshy ground, in a wood among Sphagna. King's Cliffe.
Aug.-Oct.

Our plant belongs to the variety mentioned by Fries, with adnate gills.
Pileus with the margin clothed with little white scales, the remains of the veil ;
stem slightly furfuraceous above ; gills adnate, not merely fixed with a tooth.

DERMINI.

297

This species has occurred with pallid gills entirely devoid of spores. B. &= Br. Galera.
Name ctyis, resemblance. Mycena-like. Fr. Monogr, \. p. 395. Hym.
Eur. p. 271. Icon. t. 129. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1124. C. Hbk. n. 384. Illust.
PI. 467. b. Ho/m. Ic. t. 6. a.

Subgenus XXVI. TUBARIA (tuba, a trumpet). Worth. Smith Tubaria.
in Seem. Journ. 1870. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, Jistulose.
Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
often clothed with the universal floe-
cose veil. Gills somewhat decurrent.
Spores ferruginous or (in Phaeoti) fus-
cous-ferruginous. The species re-
ferred to this subgenus were taken
from Naucoria and Galera because
they correspond with Omphalia and
Eccilia. The pileus is, however, dis-
tinctly umbilicate or depressed in only
a few of them ; the others are placed
here on account of their somewhat de-
current gills, which are broadest be-
hind and triangular. Fr. Hym. Eur.

p- 272. XXl'UI. Agancus (Tubaria')

furfuraceus. One-half natural
* Genuini (typical species). Spores ferrug- s ; ze-

inous.
** Phaeoti (<aios, dusky). Spores fuscous-ferruginous.

* GENUINI. Spores ferruginous.

666. A. cupularis Bull. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
rufescent then light yellowish, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy,
plp.no-depressed, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and
more long, slender, fistulose, naked, attenuated upwards, whitish.
Gills decurrent, crowded, tawny.

On mountainous heath. Creag Maoiseach, Strathtay, 1877.
Aug.

Spores brown-ferruginous. Name cupularis, cup-shaped. Bull. t. 554.
/. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 272. B. & Br. n. 1657. S. Mjcol. Scot. n. 353.

667. A. furfuraceus Pers. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>-i in.) broad,
pale cinnamon, becoming pale, hoary-tan when dry, slightly
fleshy, convex and obtuse when young, flattened and umbilicate
when more grown, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate
when moist, when dry even and slightly silky, covered chiefly

298 AGARICUS.

Tubaria. round the margin with the hoary, silky-squamulose veil. Stem
2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal,
floccoso-furfurate at least when young, villous at the base with
the effused white mycelium, of the same colour as the pileus,
and deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale. Gills somewhat
decurrent, very broad at the stem, more or less distant, bright
cinnamon.

Very polymorphous. Gregarious, very hygrophanous, not viscid, at length
fragile. The gills scarcely change colour.

On twigs, stalks, &c. Common. Jan.-Dec.

Name -furfur, bran. Branny, scurfy. Pers. Syn. p. 454. Fr. Monogr. i.
/. 382. Hym. Eur. p. 272. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 387. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 354. Var. C. Illust. PL 483. A. squarrosus Bull. t. 535. /. 3. Batsch
/. 98.

668. A. paludosus Fr. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, pale
yellowish-fuscous, but everywhere silky with superficial pallid
flocci, somewhat membranaceous, at first conical, then convex, um-
bonate with a very prominent papilla, without strice. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick at the base, attenuated towards
the apex where it is only i m. (% lin.) thick, fistulose, flexuous,
ochraceousj paler, white-villous below, flocculose above with the
remains of the veil. Gills decurrent, very broad behind, trian-
gular and with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, watery ochraceous

It departs from the type of the group in having the pileus papillate. In
the typical form (stygia) the gills are truly decurrent. There is another form,
paludosa, occurring in dried marshes : pileus somewhat fuscous-honey colour,
stem only 4 cent. (i% in.) long, gills not decurrent.

On marshy ground among Sphagna. Rare. Aug.

Spores almond-shaped, 12 mk. Q. Name palus, a marsh. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. f. 3. B. fr 3 Br. n. 1125. C.
Hbk. n. 385. Illust. PL 484. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 355.

669. A. stagninus Fr. Pileus 6-20 mm. (3-10 lin.) broad,
bay-brown-ferruginous or brown when moist, somewhat ochra-
ceous when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then hemi-
spherical, never flattened, obtuse, sometimes rather depressed in the
centre, somewhat viscid and slightly striate when moist, even
when dry, elegantly clothed and appendiculate round the margin
withfloccose, superficial, concentric, white scales. Stem 10 cent.
(4 in.) to as much as a span long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly
tough, fistulose, equal, rubiginous then date-brown, somewhat
pruinose at the apex. Gills decurrcnt, very broad, triangular,
ferruginous.

DERMINI. 299

The rooting base of the stem which is immersed among Sphagna is attenu- Tubaria.
ated and white-villous. There is a slender form differing in the darker colour,
smaller, often denuded, pileus, and narrower gills.

On marshy ground. Sibbertoft, &c.

A dwarf form about the size of A. inquilinus, B. db 3 Br. Name stag-
num, a swamp. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. f.
2 (slender form). B. & Br. n. 2005 bis. C. Illust. PL 468.

670. A. embolus Fr. Wholly pale yellowish-tawny when in
vigour. Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, ochraceous-tan when dry,
hygrophanous, campanulate then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth,
lineato-striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, shining-yellow
when dry, becoming ferruginous at the base, fistulose, manifestly
thickened iipuuards, smooth, naked. Gills adnate, very broad be-
hind, triangular, thick, very distant, tawny-cinnamon when dry.

The stature and gills are wholly those of A. umbelliferus.
On heathy ground. Rare. Oct.

Name efx/3oXos, a wedge. From the shape of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i.
P- 393- Hym. Eur. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 381. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 356.

671. A. autochthonus B. Br. Pileus 6 mm. (}i in.) broad,
ochrey-white, obtuse, hemispherical, silky, flocculose at the mar-
gin. Stem 18 mm. (% in.) long, not i m. ()4 lin.) thick in the
centre, flexuous, thickened upwards and at the white-woolly base.
Gills distinctly adnate with a tooth, horizontal, honey-coloured.

Spores paler than in A. furfuraceus, 4 mk. (those of A. furfuraceus 5
mk. ) It does not become pallid in drying like that species, but is of an ochra-
ceous-white from the first. It is probably a very common species.

On the naked soil. Woodnewton, Norths.

Name O.VTOS, self ; x^, the earth. Springing from the earth itself. B.
dr 1 Br. n. 1121. C. Hbk. n. 388. Grevillea, t. 77. /. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 274.

** PH^EOTI. Scores fuscous-ferruginous.

672. A. crobulus Fr. Pileus 12-18 mm. (#-% in.) broad,
slightly fleshy, flattened, obtuse, without striae, slightly viscid, in
itself wholly smooth, but covered over with floccose, somewhat
squarrose, separating, white scales, then naked, becoming hoary-
tan, shining. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, scarcely
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal, incurved or flexuous,

fuscous^ densely beset with white floccose scales. Gills adnate,
somewhat decurrent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming fus-
cous-ferruginous, the edge under a lens unequal.

300

AGARICUS.

Tubana. Spores brown. Allied to A. inquilimis. It is as it were a larger state of

that species, with the veil of A. furfuraceus, but more evident, and here and
there in the form of a floccose ring at the apex of the stem. The ring is mo-
derately persistent, white, but often awanting.

Among sticks. Welford, Norths., c. Sept.-Oct.

Name /cpw/3vAos, a knot of hair twisted on the crown of the head. From
the peculiar scales on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 380. Hym. Eur. p. 274.
B. &> Br. n. 1249. C. Illust. PL 496.

673. A. inquilinus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, varying
in colour, when fresh livid-fuscous (becoming hoary when dry),
somewhat brick -colour (tan), hygrophanous, membranaceous,
slightly fleshy at the disc, convex then plane and at length um-
bonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate when moist, even when
dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
fistulose, tough, attenuated downwards, flexuous, white-fibrillose
or slightly silky, date-brown, white floccose at the base ; thick-
ened at the apex, at first flocculose. Gills very broad behind
(hence triangular], broadly adnate, somewhat decurrent, plane,
somewhat distant, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, clay-fuscous,
at length umber.

The stem is sometimes a little longer among grass, sometimes shorter on
wood. Gregarious.

On chips, stalks, &c. Common. Aug.-Oct.

Pileus yellowish or tan colour, M.J.B. Name inquilinus=^incolinus
(incolo), a lodger. Growing on other substances, parasitic. Fr. Monogr. i. p.
380. Hym. Eur. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 386. Illust. PL
497. S. My col. Scot. n. 357.

Crepidotus. Subgenus XXVII. CKEPIDOTUS (np-TiKis, crepida, a slipper,
sandal). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 272. Stature various, irregular,
without a manifest veil. Pileus excentric, lateral or resupinate.
Spores ferruginous.

The species belonging to Worthington Smith's subgenus Clau-
dopus have been removed from this subgenus, as they are in-
termediate between Hyporhodii and Dermini by reason of the
rubiginous spores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 275.

Crepidotus corresponds with Pleurotus. The species grow on
wood, rarely on mosses, and appear late. Commonly thin, with
soft flesh, scarcely edible. Compare Paxillus atro-tomentosus,
panuoides, &*c., which differ completely as to the gills.

674. A. alveolus Lasch. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long,
moist, ochraceous-fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the mar-

DERMINI.

301

gins, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-soft, obovate, sometimes re- Oepidotus.

pand, rather plane, even, smooth ; dimidiate, laterally somewhat

sessile, or extended behind with a

short, stem-like, tomentoso-villoits base

and horizontal. Gills determinate, not

decurrent at the base, broad, crowded,

clay-fuscous.

Very much allied to A, mollis, but differing
in the more fleshy, somewhat cuneiform pile-
us, in the colour of all its parts being darker,
and especially in the broad gills.

On old stumps, oak, &c.
Aug.-Oct.

Rare.

Name alveus, a trough. Shaped like a

little trough. Lasch n. 582. Fr. Monogr. i.

p. 398. Hym. Eur. p. 275. Berk. Out. p.

163. C. Hbk. n. 352. Illust. PL 499 a. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 358.

>

XXIX. Agaricus \Crepidotus)
inollis. One-half natural size.

675. A. mollis Schasff. Pileus pallid then becoming hoary, at
length with rufous spots from the shed spores, gelatinous-fleshy ^
convexo-plane, obovate or reniform, undulated and lobed when
larger, flaccid, even, smooth, dimidiate, somewhat sessile (but vary-
ing extended behind into a short, 12 mm. (}4 in.), strigose stem),
often imbricated ; flesh very soft, more or less thick, watery
whitish. Gills commonly decurrent to the base, linear, 2-4 mm.
(1-2 lin.) broad, crowded, whitish-grey then watery cinnamon.

On sticks, stumps, sawdust, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad. Spores 9X5mk. W.G.S. Name
mollis, soft. Schaff. t. 213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym. Eur. p. 275.
Berk. Out. p. 164. /. 9.7. 6. C. Hbk. n. 353. Illust. PL 498. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 359. Sow. t. 98. Hussey i. t. 74. Price/. 25. Brigant. t. 41. / 6-8.
Letell. t. 688.

676. A. applanatus Pers. Pileus watery cinnamon when
moist, whitish when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly and watery
fleshy, soft, \s\\\. fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, extended be-
hind in a straight line into a very short white tomentose stem,
otherwise reniform or cuneiform, slightly striate at the margin
when moist, even when dry ; at length depressed behind, some-
what sessile. Gills ending determinately behind, crowded, linear,
thin, whitish, then watery cinnamon.

Pileus watery but not gelatinous. Encircled at the base with the whitish
mycelium growing on the wood.

On decaying wood. Penzance.

302 AGARICUS.

Crepidotus. Spores sphaeroid, uniguttate, 5-6 mk. K. Name piano, to make level.
Become plane. Pers. Obs. i. p. 8. t. 5. /. 3 (under the name of A. stipticus).
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym, Eur. p. 276. B. dr" Br. n. 2006.

677. A. calolepis Fr. Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (*4 in.) broad,
slightly fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, dimidiate,
sessile on a small villous knot, margined with white behind,
beautifully variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales ;
flesh firm, not gelatinous. Gills concurrent at the base, rounded
behind, comparatively broad, at first becoming pallid fuscous,
then fuscous-ferruginous.

Spores fuscous-ferruginous.

On dead wood. Edinburgh Fungus Show, 1878. Oct.

Name /caA.6?, beautiful ; ACTUS, a scale. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276. Icon. t.
129. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1765. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 360. C. Illust. PL 499. b.

678. A. haustellaris Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - ( 1 A~ 1 in -) broad,
pale yellowish-tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, almost pellucid,
flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, plane, even, delicately villous ;
flesh very thin, watery, pallid-light-yellowish. Stem distinct and
almost separate, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more
thick, attenuated -upwards, almost conical, round, villous^ white,
somewhat ascending when young, then straight and horizontal.
Gills determinate, rounded, somewhat crowded, pallid then
fuscous-cinnamon.

Regular, gregarious, but never csespitose or imbricated. Chiefly remark-
able for the somewhat conical stem and almost free gills. The pileus when
older is cinnamon, and as if pulverulent with the spores. The stem, which is
commonly solid, has sometimes occurred hollow. It has many features in
common with A. calolepis, but they differ in more.

On dead trunks. Rare.

Name haustus, a drawing water. From the watery flesh. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 399. Hym. Eur. p. 276. Berk. Out. p. 164. B. &> Br. n. 2007. C. Hbk.

354-

679. A. rubi Berk. Pileus 6-12 mm. (tf-% in.) broad, yellow-
ish or livid-grey, pallid when old, fleshy, clothed with very minute
crystalline meal. Stem short, incurved, solid, strigose at the
base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly ventricose, rather distant,
greyish then umber, edge pulverulent.

Spores umber. The pileus, which is at first regular with a short stem,
gradually becomes excentric and resupinate. The stem is at first straight
then incurved, externally mealy, adhering by a little fine down.

On dead bramble, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct.
The habit is wholly that of forms of A. depluens, but distinguished by the

DERMINI. 303

"umber spores.'' Fr. Name rubus, bramble. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 102. Crepidotus.
Out. p. 164. /. 9. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 361. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 276.

680. A. chimonophilus B. &. Br. Pure white. Pileus 6 mm.

(# in.) broad, convex, rather thick, clothed with villous down,
margin inflexed. Stem extremely short or obsolete. Gills atten-
uated behind, few, distant.

Spores pale yellow-brown, oblongato-elliptic, with a distinct lateral nucleus.

On dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Benerield, Norths.
Dec.

Name x^M^v, winter ; $iAd?, loving. B. dr 5 Br. n. 687. Out. p. 164. C.
Hbk. n. 356. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276.

681. A. epibryus Fr. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more
broad, shining white, membranaceous, resupinate, sessile, adnate
at the vertex, becoming silky-even. Gills concurrent in the centre,
thin, crowded, whitish then pale yellowish (not rubiginous).

The structure and appearance are wholly those of A. variabilis, but it
differs conspicuously from that species in its form being more regular, cup-
shaped, always entire, but not effuso-reflexed, and in being without the rudi-
ment of a stem.

On mosses, grass, holly-leaves, living Vaccinium, &c. Coed
Coch, 1878, &c. Oct.

Name CTT!, upon ; /Spv'ov, moss. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. Monogr. \. p. 401
B. & Br. n. 1766.

682. A. Phillipsii B. & Br. Slightly umber. Pileus about 6
mm. (3 lin.) broad, oblique, striate, smooth. Stem 2-3 mm.
(i-i/4 lin.) long, solid, incurved at the base. Gills shortly adnate,
narrow, ventricose.

On grass. Wrekin. Penicuik. Autumn.

Spores 5 mk. B. & Br. ; 5x7 mk. W.P. Name after William Phillips.
B. 6* Br. n. 1658. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 362.

683. A. pezizoides Nees. Pileus sessile, thin, cup-shaped then
reflexed, mealy, somewhat tomentose. Gills concurrent at the
centre, somewhat distant, olivaceous-fuscous then tawny.

Spores unknown. Gregarious.

On rotten branches. Rare. Warwickshire.

Name Peziza-like. Nees. Act. Nat. Curios, ix. /. 6. f. 18 (very young).
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 357.

684. A. Ralfsii B. & Br. Pileus yellow, semi-reflexed, deli-
cately furfuraceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading,

34

AGARICUS.

Crepidotus. adfixed by cottony flocci. Stem obsolete. Gills ventricose, clay-
colour, margin whitish.

On decaying wood. Penzance.
Name after J. Ralfs. B. & Br. n. 2008.

Chitonia.

SERIES IV. PRATELLI (pratum, meadow or pasture ground).
Spores typically black -purple or fuscous-purple, more rarely
fuscous. [It is to be observed that the spores vary in colour
according to the colour of the ground on which they are deposited.]
There are sterile forms with the gills persistently white (A. obtu-
ratits, A. udus). Those species are more deceptive in which the
gills continue for a long time white, and even begin to decay
before they are discoloured by the spores ; these may be easily
mistaken for Leucospori. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277.

Subgenus XXVIII. CHITONIA. The universal veil (forming
a volva) separate from the pileus. Hymenophore separate from
the stem. Gills free. Spores fuscous-purple. Analogous with
Amanita and Volvaria. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 277.

No British species.

Psaliota. Subgenus XXIX. PSALIOTA (^d\iov, a ring or collar). Fr.

Syst. Myc. i. p. 280, Stropharia included. Stem ringed, separate
from the hymenophore. Gills free. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 278.

Psaliota corresponds with Lepiota. The gills are rounded be-
hind and manifestly free, exactly as in Lepiota. The species grow
on the ground, and begin to appear about the end of summer.
The larger ones have been more esteemed as food perhaps than
any other, and are well known from the common mushroom (A.
campestris).

* Edules (edulis, edible). Larger, more fleshy, celebrated under the name of
Champignon.
** Minores. Not used as food, pileus thinly fleshy.

* EDULES. Larger, more fleshy, &c.

685. A. Elvensis B. & Br. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) and more
broad, somewhat globose then hemispherical, fibrillose, broken

PRATELLI.

305

up into large persistent brown, not fusco-citrinous scales, areolate Psaliota.

in the centre ; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyramidal

warts; flesh 18 mm. (^ in.) thick in

the centre, turning red when cut.

Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 5 cent. (2

in.) thick in the centre, solid, stuffed

with delicate threads, at first nearly

equal, at length swollen in the centre

and attenuated at the base, fibrillose

and areolate below, nearly smooth

within the pileus. Ring thick, very

large, deflexed, broken here and there,

areolato-verrucose beneath. Gills free,

6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, of a brownish

flesh-colour.

A'A'A". Agariciis (Psa/iota) cain-
pestris. One-third natural size.

Caespitose. Taste and smell excellent.

Under oak-trees. Bodelwyddan,

1863. Sept.

Name from the district bordering on the Elwy. B. & Br. n. 1009. C.
Hbk. n. 392. />. Hym. Eur. p. 278.

686. A. arvensis Schasff. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more
broad, whitish, fleshy, globoso-campanulate then flattened, obtuse,
flocculoso-niealy when young, then slightly silky even or squamu-
lose. dry ; flesh thick, compact, at length softer, white, unchange-
able. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and
more thick, hollow, with a lax floccose pith, but stout, thickened
at the base, obsoletely marginato-bulbous when young, even,
smooth, white. Ring superior, large, pendulous, formed as it
were of two growing togetJier, the interior one membranaceous,
uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the
circicmference, radiate ly split. Gills free, approximate, ventricose,
broader in front, always arid, white, at length reddisJi-fuscous.

The gills remain long pallid, are never dark red as in A. pratensis, and
never deliquescent.

In meadows and borders of fields, &c. Common. Spring,
Autumn.

Known as the " Horse-Mushroom.' 1 "When young and fresh it is delicious,
but becomes tough w r hen old. The flesh is firm and abundantly juicy. Ac-
cording to Berkeley it often turns yellow when bruised. Spores sphaeroid-
ellipsoid, 9x6 mk. K. ; 11x6 mk. IV.G.S. Name a mini, a cultivated
field. Schffff. t. 310, 311. Ft: Monogr. i. /. 405. Hym. Eur. p. 278.
Sverig. atL Sv. t. 4. ^Berk. Out. p. 166. /. 10. / 4. C. Hbk. n. 389. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 363. Hitssey i. /. 76, 77. Paul. t. 134. f. i, 2. A. Georgii

VOL. I. L'

306 AGARICUS.

Psaliota. Sow. t, 304. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 105. A. edulis Krombh. t. 23. f, 11-14,
26./. 9-13. Tratt. Essb. Schw. t. J. A. exquisitus Vett. Mang. t. 18. Var.
purpurasceus C. Illitst. PI. 584.

687. A. cretaceus Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad,
wholly white, fleshy, lens-shaped-globose when young, then con-
vexo-flattened, obtuse, dry, sometimes even, sometimes rivulose
chiefly round the margin from the cuticle separating into squam-
ules ; flesh thick, white, unchangeable. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) and more thick, hollow, stuffed with a
spider-web pith, firm, attenuated upwards, even, smooth, not
spotted, white. Ring superior, large, reflexed with the margin
again erected, even, white. Gills free, then remote, ventricose but
very much narrowed towards the stem, crowded, remaining long
white, becoming fuscous only when old.

Spores wholly as in A. campestris.

In meadows and stoves. Rare.

The stem is sunk into the substance of the pileus so as to make the gills
remote. At first sight it looks much like a Lepiota, as, for example, A.
naucimis, M.J.D. Spores 3 x 4 mk. W.G.S. Name creta, chalk. Chalky-
white. Fr. Afonogr. i. p. 404. Hym. Eur. p. 279. Sv. Bot. t. 596. f. 2.
Sverig. iitl. Svamp. t. 39. Berk. Out. p. 167. t. 10. /. 5.

688. A. campestris Linn. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
varying white and rufescent, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex then
flattened, obtuse, dry, sometimes silky-even, sometimes squamulose;
flesh thick and soft, becoming reddish or sometimes becoming fus-
cous. Stem stuffed, firm, short, bulbous when young, then some-
what equal, even or squamulose, white. Ring medial, or more
strictly sheathed to the middle, spreading or reflexed, torn, often
deciduous and sometimes in the form of a cortina. Gills free,
approximate, ventricose, equally attenuated at botJi ends, crowded,
often deliquescent, whitish then soon flesh-coloured and at length
nmber-fuscous.

Much more variable than A. arve?isis, &c., both in stature and colours.
There are numerous varieties : A. alba pileus somewhat silky, whitish ; stem
short. Berk. Out. t. 10. f. 2. Viv. t. 44. Harz. t. 9. B. praticola pileus
rufous-scaly, flesh immediately rufescent. Vittad. t. 7. Viv. t. 43. C. rufes-
cens pileus rufous, minutely squamulose ; stem elongated. Berk. t. io./. 3.
D. umbrina pileus becoming even, umber ; stem stout, squamulose. Vitt. t.
8. E ? ful-vaster pileus even, ochraceous tawny ; stem solid ; gills rose-
coloured then blackish. Viv. t. 45 upper fig. ; perhaps distinct. More
abnormal variations are costata pileus sulcate, repand. Viv. t. 45 lower fig. ;
A. villaticus pileus with the skin peeling off in scales ; stem scaly, from the
inferior veil, with somewhat of a volva sheathed and ringed. Brand. Cr. Ag.
t. 7. B. & Br. n. 1533*, 13 in. in diameter, with a stem 3 in. thick. C.
Illust. PI. 585. Various forms, commonly becoming fuscous, are cultivated
under the names A. hortensis, vaporariies, cryptarum, &c. Krombh. t. 26. f.
14. Paul. t. 132. Seer. n. 94.

PRAI I.I.I

307

In meadows, &c. Cosmopolitan. May-Oct. Psaliota.

Although very common it is very capricious in its growth. Edible. Well
known as the common mushroom. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 9 x 6 mk. A'./
6x8 mk. U'. (r.S. Name campus, a plain, field. Linn. Siiec. n. 1205. !'>'
Monogr. i. p. 406. Hym. Eur. p. 279. Sverig. all. Sv. t. 5. Berk. Out. p.
165. C. Hbk. n. 390. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 364. Sow. t. 305. Grev. t. 161.
Hitssey \. t. 90. Schceff. t. 33. Krombh. t. 23. /. 1-8. I'ittad. t. 6-8. Barla
t. 27. Tratt. t. K. Gonn. & Rab. 2. /. i. &c.

* A. silvicola Yitt. Pileus becoming even, shining, white.
Stem stuffed, elongated, somewhat bulbous, ring simple; flesh
somewhat unchangeable. Gills acute behind, whitish then slowly
becoming fuscous.

Like A. arvensis, but distinguished by the ring, &c.

In woods. Xot uncommon. Name silva, a wood ; colo, to inhabit. Vitt.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 280. Motwgr. i. /. 406. Berk. Out. p. 166. C. Hbk. n .
390. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 364. Krombh. t. 23. /. 8. Go/in. Rab. ii. /. 2.
Paul. t. 183.

689. A. silvaticus Schaeff. -- Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
somewhat ferruginous, scales rufescent or becoming fuscous,
thinly fleshy, oval then campanulate and flattened, somewhat um-
bonate, the whole surface floccose, torti into squamitles, the disc
however often remaining continuous, and at length denuded of
scales, margin often rimosely incised ; flesh thin, fragile, white,
commonly rufescent. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12
mm. (% in.) thick, slender, at first stuffed with a cylindrical sep-
arate white pith, then hollow, equal, dingy white, fibrillose below
the ring, even above it, smooth. Ring distant, simple, floccose
beneath, sometimes wide but thin and membranaceous, some-
times narrow, incomplete, fugacious. Gills free, ventricose,
equally attenuated at both ends, thin, arid, reddish then cinnamon-
fuscous or umber-fuscous.

The flesh is much thinner than that of its allies. The stem is much longer
and more slender than that of A. campestris, &c.

In woods. Frequent. July-Sept.

Smell strong, AI.J.B. Spores 4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name silva, a wood.
Schcrff. t. 242. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 406. Hym. Eur. p. 280. Berk. Out. p.
167. C. Hbk. n. 391. S. Mycol. Scot. u. 365. Krombh. t. 24. /. 9, 10 (in-
clining to A. campestris).

690. A. haemorrhoidarius Kalchbr. Pileus rufous-fuscous,
fleshy, ovate then expanded, covered with broad adpressed scales,
margin at first bent inwards; flesh when broken immediately
blood-red. Stem soon hollow, fibrillose, the solid base some-
what bulbous. Ring superior, large. Gills free, approximate,
crowded, rosy-flesh-colour, at length purple-umber.

308 AGARICUS.

Psaliota. Very striking, 7. 5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high. The pileus and the white stem

become spotted-blood-red when touched. The stem when young is adpress-
edly squamulose below, when full grown mealy, becoming smooth.

In woods. Lilleshall, Salop, &c. Nov.

Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) across; stem 10 cent. (4 in.) high, 2.5 cent, (t in.)
thick, B. & Br. Name ai^oppoiSey (t^Ae'/Se?) veins which discharge blood,
haemorrhoids. Kalchbr. Hung. t. i8.f. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 281. R. & Br.

" 1-534-

** M INGRES. Not used as food, pileus thinly fleshy.

691. A. comtulus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>< in.) broad,
yellowish- white, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, ad-
pressedly fibrilloso-silky, becoming even; flesh thin, soft, of the
same colour as the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (j. in.) long, 4-6 mm.
(2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, stuffed with floccules when young, some-
what attenuated, even, smooth, white, becoming somewhat light
yellow. Ring medial, torn, fugacious, of the same colour. Gills
rounded-free behind, crowded, soft, broader in {VQK\., flesh-colour
then rose, not fuscous-flesh-colour except when old.

Very much allied to A. campestris, but constantly distinct in its more beau-
tifully coloured gills.

In woods, c. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn.

Name comptus, gaily adorned. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 407. Hym. Eur. />.
281. Icon. t. 130. f. i. B. er 1 Br. n. 1874.

692. A. echinatus Roth. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - O^ 2 in -) broad,
of a peculiar fuliginous colour, slightly fleshy, campanulate, ob-
tuse, at the first floccoso-pulverulent and somewhat continuous,
then densely and adpressedly rivuloso-scaly, without striae; flesh
thin, whitish. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.)
thick, firm, fistulose, with a lax white arachnoid web internally,
otherwise externally and internally cinnabar-purple, below the
ring densely covered over with flocculoso-pulverulent mouse-col-
oured sootiness which can be rubbed off, equal, naked above the
ring. Ring floccoso-membranaceous, externally sprinkled witli
fuliginous dust, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin ; very
beautifully striate above, becoming purple-whitish. Gills free,
reaching a slightly prominent but little elevated collar, crowded,
narrow, rarely exceeding 2 mm. (r lin.) broad, very beautifully
cinnabar-purple, the edge which is quite entire of the same
colour.

Gregarious, casspitose ; odour of cucumber. The soil is rolled together
with the white mycelium in the form of a ball at the base of the stem. When

PRATELLI.

309

bruised the stem changes colour, becoming purple. The spores are normally Psaliota.
fuscous-purple, but they change to fuscous-green with the colour of the
ground and (on a black ground) to ochraceous-whitish ; never rose-coloured.
Not rightly allied to any.

On peat-beds in gardens. Rare.

Spores sometimes colourless, M.J.B. Name ech inns, a hedgehog. Prickly.
Roth. Catal. 2. /. 9. f. 5. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 408. Hym. Eur. p. 282. Berk.
Out. p. 167. C. Illust. PL 395. S. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p.
25. A. oxyosmus Mont, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1836. /. 10. /. 3. firigaut. t. 27.
f. 1-3. A. Hookeri Klotsch.

Siibgenus XXX. STROPHARIA (arpofos, a sword-belt ;
ring to the ring). Fr. Monogr. i. p.
409. Hymenophore continuous with
the stem. Veil annular. Gills more or
less adnate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 283.

Stropharia corresponds with Ar-
inillaria and Pholiota. The species
grow on the ground, or are epiphytal.
None are edible.

A. Viscipelles (vise/cm, bird-lime; pellis,
skin). Pellicle of the pileiis even or scaly,
most frequently viscous.

* Mundi (iniif/diis, clean), not growing on
dung.

** Merdarii (merda, dung), ring often in-
complete.

B. Spintrigeri (A. spintriger). Pi lens u<ith-
out a pellicle, but innato-fibrillose, not viscous.

- Stropharia.

Agaric us (Stropharia)

One-third natural

sze.

A. VISCIPELLES. Pellicle of the pileus even or scaly,

* Mnndi, not growing on dung.

693. A. versicolor With. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad,
becoming greenish-brown, fleshy, convexo-plane, scaly, the scales
of the disc crowded. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, as thick as a swan-
quill, spongy-stuffed, bulbous, whitish-fuscous. Ring persistent.
Gills decurrent, pallid, then rufous-brown.

Not recognised since the time of Withering. Name verto, to turn ; color,
colour. With. Arr. 4. p. 166. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 284. Syst. Myc. i. p. 286.
Berk. Out. p. 167. C. Hbk. n. 394.

694. A. aeruginosus Curt. Pileus fleshy, but not compact,
campanulato-convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate (obtuse

310 AGARICUS.

Stropharia. when larger), viscoso-pelliculosc, the ground colour yellowish but
verdigris from the azure-blue slime with which it is more or less
covered over, becoming pale as the slime separates. Stem hol-
low, soft, equal, at the first scaly or fibrillose below the ring, viscid,
becoming more or less azure-blue-green. Ring distant. Gills ad-
nate, plane, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, not crowded, soft,
whitish then fuscous, becoming somewhat purple.

The above are the essential marks of this species. Varying caespitose.
Polymorphous. The typical and handsomest form is gathered in soaking
weather in later autumn in shady woods ; it is large (pileus and stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) and more), stem squarrose with white spreading scales, pileus sprinkled
with white superficial scales, intensely verdigris- or azure-blue-pelliculose and
very glutinous. From this there is a long series of forms with the gluten more
separating (on the separation of the gluten the pileus becomes yellow), and
the scales alike of the pileus and stem rubbed off. Finally, a smaller form
occurs in open meadows, stem scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) long, only 4 mm. (2 lin.)
thick, becoming azure-blue-green and without scales, pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2
in.) broad, pale verdigris soon light yellowish, less viscid. In this form the
ring is incomplete, while in the typical form it is entire, spreading, and per-
sistent.

In woods, meadows, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Poisonous. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8x4-5 mk. K. ; 5x7
mk. W.G.S. Name cer/tgo, verdigris. Curt. Loud. t. 309. Fr. Mouogr. \.
p. 411. Hym. Eiir. p. 284. Berk. Out. p. 168. C. Hbk. n. 395. S. Alycol.
Scot. n. 366. Sow. t. 264. Hussey \. p. 35. Krombh. t. 3. f. 27, 28; t. 62.
f. 11-14. Schccff. t. i. Batsch f. 213. Fl. Dan. t. 1248. Klotsch in Fl.
Bor. t. 458. Fl. Batav. t. 617.

695. A. albo-cyaneus Desm. Pileus milk-white and shining
when young, tJien verdigris-green, fleshy, convex then plane,
smooth, always naked (not scaly) and viscous, but the gluten is
limpid and not coloured; flesh soft, watery. Stem about 5 cent.
(2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, soft, at length fragile,
equal, ascending or flexuous, rather naked below the ring, not
viscid, wholly white and when dry preserving a clear whiteness.
Ring a few lines distant, narrow, white or stained fuscous with
the spores, pruinate above the ring. Gills adnate, thin, scarcely
crowded, rather broad, at first whitish, then somewhat sinuate,
becoming fuscous.

It varies coespitose. Pellicle of the pileus not easily separable. Thinner,
smaller, and especially softer than A. cent

In meadows and fields. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 7x4 mk. IV. P. Name alb us, white; cyanens, blue. Desuiaz.
Cat. p. 22. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 411. Ply in. I-'.nr. p. 284. Berk. Out. p. 168.
C. Hbk. n. 396. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 367. Pcrs. Myc. Ear. 3. t. 29. / 2, 3.

696. A. immctus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) scarcely 5 cent

PRATELLI. - I I

\j

(2 in.) broad, pallid light yellow, but becoming livid-purple 'with Stroph
the dense gluten with which it is at first besmeared, fleshy, con-
vexo - plane, somewhat umbonate, pelliculose, viscid, smooth,
slightly striate at the margin ; flesh thin, soft, white. Stem 7.5
cent. (3 in.) long, fatufose, thin, equal, very flexuous, often decum-
bent, very soft, dry, shining white, s\\k\-Jibrillose below the medial
distant fugacious ring. Gills adnate, with a deciirrent tooth, 6
mm. (3 lin.) broad, scarcely crowded, whitish then becoming
fuscous, when bruised whitish at the sides.

Spores fuscous-purple. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. There are two
forms : one with the pileus campanulato-expanded, and the stem stuffed ;
another with the pileus convexo-plane, more evidently umbonate, and the
stem hollow. Very remarkable, soft, the pellicle of the pileus easily separat-
ing.

In pastures. Ely, &c. Oct.-Nov.

Stem 6 cent. (z% in.) high, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, composed of fibres.
Resembling some states of A. ceruginosns, but the spores are of a different
colour and much smaller. B. & Dr. Spores 7 mk. B. &> Br. ; 9x5 mk.
\\'.G.S. Name i nun go, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Monogr. i. /.
412. Hym. Eur. p. 284. B. &> Br. n. 1229, 1875. s - Mycol. Scot. n. 368.
Saiuid. & Sm. t. 29. f. 6, 7. Buxb. Cent. iv. t. 4. /. minor.

697. A. obturatus Fr. Pileus light yellow, fleshy, for the most
part thick, convex then plane, obtuse, obsoletely viscid, commonly
dry, even but often rimoscly squamulose; flesh compact, shining
white. Stem short, 2.5-4 cent. (i-iK i n -) l^g. 6 mm. (3 lin.)
and more thick, firm, stuffed, attenuated downwards, even, not
scaly, white. Ring superior, deflexed, white. Gills adnate and
without a decurrent tooth, crowded, plane, white then becoming
purple-umber.

Readily distinguished from preceding species by its obese stature and
compact flesh. The spores are fuscous on a white ground, vinous-purplish on
a black ground. The gills never become ferruginous ; they often become
sterile and remain white, so that it may be easily taken for a species of
Arniillaria.

On the ground among grass. Rare.

Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. ; 7x4 mk. IV. P. Name obturo, to stop up,
close. Perhaps from the stuffed stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 412. Hym. Eur.
p. 285. B. & Br. n. 1253. C. Hbk. n. 397. S. My col. Scot. n. 369.
(Saund. 6 Sin. t. 25. f. i, 2 much smaller, perhaps A. melaspenni/s).

698. A. melaspermus Bull. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - (*- 2 m -) broad,
yellow, changing colour when old, fleshy, soft, convex then flat-
tened, obtuse, pelliculose, viscid in wet weather, shining when
dry, even, smooth, never rimosely squamulose ; flesh soft, white.
Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3

aria.

312 AGARICUS.

Stropharia. lin.) thick, hollow, equal, fragile, dry, smooth, sometimes fibrillose
below the ring, shining white or becoming yellow. Ring medial,
membranaceous, white. Gills deeply rounded and sometimes
emarginate, ventricose, broad, crowded, pallid then sometimes
violaceous-fuscous, sometimes cinereous-fuscous.

Spores fuscous on a white ground, vinous- or fuscous-purplish on a black
ground. In woods the stem is elongated.

In meadows and borders of thickets. Rare. Aug.

According to Bulliard, &c., the spores are black. Name ju.eA.as, black;
o-irep/xa, seed. Black-spored. Bull. t. 540. /. i. Ft: Monogr. i. p. 413
(phaeospermus). Hym. Eur. p. 285. Icon. t. 130. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 168.
B. &> Br. n. 1254. ' C. Hbk. ti. 398. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 370. Quel. t. 24. /.
3 (pileus white).

699. A. squamosus Fr. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad,
ochraceous, fleshy, thin, hemispherical then flattened, more fre-
quently obtuse or gibbous with an obsolete umbo, viscoso-pellic-
ulose when moist, not viscous when dry; sprinkled \\\\.\\ superficial
piloso-fasciculate concentric scales. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.)
long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, tubular, at first stuffed, soon hollow,
slender, equal, tough, pallid upwards, ferruginous below, pulver-
ulent above the entire membranaceous distant ring, villous-scaly
below. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, cinereous then
blackish, white at the edge.

Below the ring the stem is sometimes A) squarrose with fibrillose reflexed
scales ; sometimes B) wholly covered over with dense strigose down. A. Pers.
Fl. Dan. t. 2077. f. i. B. 'A. distans Pers. Fl. Dan. t. 2077. /. 2. Var. with
pileus fuscous, on trunks of alder. Weinm. p. 243.

In woods and open ground. Frequent. Sept.-Oct.

Spores 10x7 mk. W.G.S. Name squama, a scale. Scaly. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 414. Hym. Eur. p. 285. Berk. Out. p. 168. /. io./. 6. C. Hbk. n. 399.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 371.

A. thraustus Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. t. \$.f. 4 exactly resembles
A. squamosus or distans Fl. Dan. t. 2077. f. 2 with the easily
separating scales of the pileus removed. The description how r ever
differs, inasmuch as it is represented as very fragile and hygroph-
anous, in which it approaches A. albonitens.

Spores oblong, ovate, .015 mm. long. Name Opavu, to break. Brittle,
easily broken. Rannoch. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 286. B. & Br. n. 1659.
Grevillea, vol. vi. p. 101. S. Mycol. Scot. p. 70.

700. A. Percevali B. & Br. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ochra-
ceous, fleshy, umbonate then flattened, slightly viscid, white-
floccose here and there especially at the margin ; flocci at length

PRATELLI. 313

coming off. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, attenuated upwards, Stropharia.
8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick at the base, 6 mm. (3 lin.) above, hollow
and pallid upwards, transversely scaly. Ring narrow, more or
less persistent. Gills adfixecl, broad, 8 mm. (4 lin.), very distant,
white then somewhat cinereous, at length pallid umber.

Flesh of pileus at length dull umber ; stem umber within, rooting. Allied
to A. squamosus, but abundantly distinct.

On sawdust. Wallington, Northumberland.

Spores i5X7mk. W.P. Name after Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. B. &
/>'/'. n. 1767.

701. A. Worthingtonii Fr. Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulate, even, smooth, viscid (?).
Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
fistulose, slender, flexuous, smooth, dark blue, the incomplete ring
distant. Gills adnate, broad, brown- cinnamon.

In stature and colours it is widely removed from A. allu-cyanens.

In pastures. Walthamstow, 1868. Dec.

Spores 4 X7mk. W.G.S. Name after Worthington G. Smith. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 286. A. albo-cyaneus Saund. & Sm. t. 29. /. 1-5.

** Merdarii. Ring often incomplete.

702. A. merdarius Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow then
straw-colour, fleshy, at the first obtusely campanulate, then con-
vexo-plane, gibbous, smooth, pelliculose, moist, hygrophanous,
slightly viscid, margin thin, deflexed, even; flesh white. Stem
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, tough, stuffed
with a pith, equal, somewhat flexuous, everywhere flocculoso-
villous and slightly silky, dry, straw-white, white-villous at the
base, striate at the apex from the decurrent teeth of the gills.
Ring incomplete and torn, for the most part commonly adhering
to the margin of the pileus. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat
crowded, plane, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, soft, very broad behind, at
first pallid, somewhat isabelline, at length brown-fuscous with
the black-fuscous spores.

Gregarious, somewhat coespitose. The stem has been observed fuscous
internally when old. There is a smaller form, with the stem 2.5 cent, (i in.)
long.

On horse-dung. Sibbertoft, c. Oct.

Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name merda, dung. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 415.
Hym. Eur. p. 286. Icon. t. 130. f. 3 larger form. B. & Br. n. 1255. Saiind.
& Sw. t. 25 lower fig. (smaller form). Bitxb. c. 4. /. 16. /. 2.

314 AGARICUS.

stropharia. 703. A. stercorarius Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow,
fleshy, but thin at the margin, hemispherical then expanded,
obtuse, orbicular, pelliculoso-viscous, naked, smooth, even, or at
length slightly striate only at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
and more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with a separate
fibrous pith, equal, clotJied to the ring (which is scarcely 2.5 cent.,
i in., distant from the pileus, viscous, narrow, but somewhat
spreading) with tlie flocculose veil which is at tJie same time viscous
(so that it appears as if smooth), yellow. Gills adnate, very
broad behind, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, umber-
fuscous or olivaceous-fuscous, of one colour, quite entire.

Stem silky-viscous when moist, when dry becoming even, shining and
yellowish - white, and without a manifest veil. The gills are truncate and
somewhat decurrent. It is often confounded with A. semiglobatus; Sow. t.
249 seems to have this in view.

On dung. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores 17 x 13 mk. W. G.S. Name stercus, dung. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 416.
Hym. Eur. p. 287. Berk. Out. p. 168. C. Hbk. n. 400. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
372. Bull. t. 566. /. 4.

704. A. semiglobatus Batsch. Pileus commonly 12 mm.
(}4 in.) broad, light yellow, slightly fleshy, hemispherical not
expanded, very obtuse, even, viscous. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, Jistulose, tense and straight, equal, even,
smooth, becoming yellow, paler at the apex, black-pruinate with
the spores, otherwise smeared with the glutinous veil which is
abrupt above terminating in an incomplete (not membranaceous)
viscous distant ring. Gills adnate, very broad, plane, clouded
with black.

Spores fuscous-purple. Gregarious, smaller and more slender than A. ster-
corarius, &c.

On dung. Common. April-Nov.

Regarded as poisonous. Spores 13x8 mk. IV. G.S. Name semi, hall;
globus, a ball. Hemispherical. Batsch f. no. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 416. Hym.
Eur. p. 287. Berk. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. n. 401. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 373.
Grev. t. 344. Hussey \. t. 39. A. glutinosus Curt. \. t. 194.

B. SPINTRIGERI. Pileus witJiout a pellicle, &^c.

705. A. caput-Medusae Fr. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, fleshy, at first ovate then convexo-expanded, obtuse or
obtusely umbonate from the apex of the stem, dry j when young
very densely scaly-squarrose with the veil, but soon naked ; even
and umber on the vertex, lacunose, paler, somewhat tan-colour

PRATELLI. 3 I 5

towards the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. Stropharia.
(X in-) and more thick at the base, hollow, the someiuhat bulbous
base solid, equally attenuated upwards, whitish ; covered over
below the superior ring with crowded, imbricated and squarrose,
whitish-fuscous scales, white-mealy above it. Gills adnate, ventri-
cose, lanceolate or at length semi-ovate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad,
fragile, not very crowded, at first clay-white, then pale umber,
fuscous-spotted in appearance.

The vertex of the pileus at length becomes rimosely warty, the circumference
rimosely scaly, and the thin margin rimosely split. The universal floccoso-
scaly, fuscous veil, which at first encircles the whole plant, remains persistent
on the stem, forming concentric, imbricated, squarroso-recurved zones, but
soon separates from the pileus. It is separate from the partial veil or ring
which is superior, membranaceous, pendulous, white, with the margin very
much swollen floccose and fuscous. The gills at first sight appear as if free.
Spores fuscous-purple. Slightly firm, though at the same time fragile.

About Scotch fir stumps. Very rare. Glamis. Sept.

Between the peculiar umber disc and the rest of the pileus which is paler,
tan-coloured, there is sometimes a marked circular depression. The disc is
very soon naked, and becomes broken into granulose warts, leaving the rest
of the pileus clothed with the peculiar blackish scales which look like sharp-
pointed tufts. These soon vanish while the stem remains clothed. This very
striking species has appeared in the only British station in the years 1874,
1875, 1883. Name Medusats head. From the scales on the pileus. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 418. Hym. Eitr. p. 288. Icon. t. 131. /. 3. //. r Br. n. 1536.
S. Mycol. Scot. Ji. 374.

706. A. scobinaceus Fr. Pileus at first fuscous, livid then
becoming yellow in the centre, grey-violaceous at the circumfer-
ence, fleshy, thin, hemispherical then expanded, gibbous, slightly
sulcate, covered with crowded, adpressed, separating, blackish
squamulcs. Stem hollow, attenuated from the thickened (solid?)
base, fibrillose, white, mealy at the apex. Ring superior, fuga-
cious, white. Gills adnate, crowded, crenulated, white-Jlesh-colour
tlicn becoming purple.

Manifestly allied to A. captit-Medusa, though less handsome; moist and
more fragile ; coespitose.

On or near stumps. Rare. Glamis. Dun. Sept.-Oct.

The type of this species is nearly of the same stature as A. caput -Medusa, but
the whole plant is thinner, more fragile, and less handsome. There are vari-
ous intermediate forms which seem to connect the two, combining features of
both. I have found several well-marked stages between them. Spores ellip-
soid-elongate, 7-8x3 mk. C.B.P. Name scobis, sawdust or filings. As if
sprinkled with sawdust. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 419. Hym.
Eur. p. 288. B. &> Br. n. 1660. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 375.

707. A. Jerdoni B. & Br. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ochra-
ceous (brown when dry), fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, with a broad

316

AGARICUS.

Stropharia. umbo, minutely rivulose, adorned with superficial evanescent
snow-white scales; cuticle not peeling off. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, cylindrical, snow-white,
pulverulent above, brownish with silky transverse scales below.
Ring superior, deflexed. Gills adnate, sending a line down the
stem, but not truly decurrent, pallid then brown, transversely
striate.

Spores dark brown. Allied apparently to A. capiit-Meduste.
analogy with A. cegerita, &c.

On fir-stumps. Rare. Sept.-Nov.

Name after Archibald Jerdon. B. & Br. n. 913. t. 14. /. 2.
393. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 376. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 289.

It has a close

C. Hbk. n.

Hyphoioma. Siibgenus XXXI. HYPHOLOMA (v(f)-n, web ; AO^O, fringe).
Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 287. Hymenophore continuous with the stem.

Veil woven into a web which adheres
to the margin of the pileus. Pileus
more or less fleshy, the margin at the
first incurved. Gills adnate or sin-
uate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 290.

Hyphoioma corresponds with
TricJwloma, Entoloma, and Hebe-
loina. The veil which is woven in-
to a spidery web does not form a
ring. Ccespitose, growi?ig on wood.
The species are not edible, the tough
ones being bitter, and the fragile
ones almost devoid of flesh.

* Fasciculares (A. fascicularis}. Colour

XXXII. Agaricus (Hyphoioma) of the tough, smooth, dry (except A. silacens)
fascicnlaris. One-fourth natural pileus bright, not hygrophanous.
size. ** Viscidi (viscidus, viscid). Pileus naked,

viscous.

*** Velutini (A. velutinus). Pileus silky with innate fibrils or streaked.
**** Flocculosi (fioccus, a lock of wool). Withjftoccose, superficial separat-
ing scales.
'**#** Appendiculati (A. appendiculatits}. Pileus smooth, hygrophanous.

* FASCICULARES. Colour of the tough, smooth, dry (except
A. silaceus'} pileus bright, not hygrophanous.

708. A. silaceus Pers. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orange-
rufous, fleshy, convex, viscous, silky and whitish round the

PRATELLI. 317

margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, bulbous, Hypholoma
shining, fibrilloso-striate. Gills adnate, crowded, grey then
olivaceous.

Solitary, according to Secretan caespitose from a common tuber.
In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug.

Smell resembling that of meal. Spores pale purplish-brown, B. - />;-. It
seems to be separated from any of the forms of A. sublateritius by its viscous
pileus (an exception in this group). Name sil, yellow ochre. Ochrey.
/Vrc. Sytt. p. 421. Fr. Hym. F./ir. p. 290. B. or" />/-. //. 1498. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 377. Bait, t. 22. E.

709. A. sublateritius Schaeff. Pileus tawny-hrick-red, but
paler round the margin and covered over with a superficial, some-
what silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, even, becoming smooth; flesh
compact, white then becoming yellow. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4
in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed stout and firm, com-
monly manifestly attenuated downwards, rarely equal, scaly-
Jibrillose, fibrils pallid, ferruginous downwards. Cortina superior,
at first white, at length becoming black. Gills adnate, more or
less crowded according to stature, narrow, at first dingy yellowish
and darker at the base, then fuliginous, and at length inclining
to olivaceous.

Spores fuscous-purple. Somewhat casspitose. Stem incurved from position.
There are many varieties: B. somewhat solitary, the pileus and stem, which
is thickened at the base, of the same colour, rufescent, Paul. t. 109. C.
smaller, pileus light yellowish, the hollow stem equal. Schceff. t. 49. f. 4, 5.

On old stumps. Common. April-Dec.

Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad. Veil adhering in fragments to
the margin. Stem at length fistulose, but the walls are as thick or twice as
thick as the diameter of the canal. Taste very bitter ; doubtless poisonous.
The smaller var. referred to by Fries has been named by Berkeley and Broome
var. Schnefferi Sclurff. t. 49. f. 4, 5, and described thus, "Pileus conical, at
length depressed, wrinkled ; gills narrow, decurrent, even in the youngest
specimens." Coed Coch, 1878. Spores 6 x 3 mk. W.G.S. Name sub, and
later, a brick. Somewhat brick-coloured. Schceff. t. 49. f. 6, 7. Fr. Monogr.
i. /. 421. Hym. Eur. p. 290. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. no. Out. p. 169. C.
Hbk. n. 402. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 378. Hussey i. /. 60. Krombh. t. 44. f. 1-3.
Hedw. Crypt, t. 38. Var. Schwfferi B. &> Br. n. 1768.

710. A. capnoides Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) sometimes
7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ochraceous -yellowish, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, dry, smooth; flesh somewhat thin, white.
Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, growing
together at the base, hollow, equal, often curved and flexuous,
becoming silky-even, pallid, whitish at the apex, here and there
striate, becoming ferruginous tinder the surface-covering when

318 AGARICUS.

Hyphoioma. old. Cortina appendiculate, white, then becoming fuscous-purple.
Gills adnate, easily separating, somewhat crowded, rather broad,
arid, at first bluish-grey then becoming fuscous-purple.

Caespitose, fasciculate ; odour and taste mild.

On pine-stumps. Uncommon. April-Dec.

Spores ellipsoid-spheroid, 7x5 mk. K. Name- Kaxri/o?, smoke; elSo?,
appearance. From the smoky gills. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 421. Hym. Ear. p.
291. Icon. t. 133. f. i. B. & Br. n. 913*. C. Hbk. n. 403. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 379.

711. A. epixanthus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
light yellow or becoming pale, the disc commonly darker, fleshy,
moderately thin, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, slightly
silky then becoming smooth; flesh white, becoming light yellow.
Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 Lin.) thick, hollow,
attenuated from the thickened base or equal, floccoso-fibrillose,
pale-ferruginous or becoming fuscous below, pruinose at the apex.
Cortina appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, at first
light yellow-white, at length becoming cinereous, not deliquescent,
and not becoming purple or green.

Strong-smelling, odour acid ; extremely variable in stature. Not hygroph-

*&

anous.

On fir-stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Dec.

Easily known by the absence of the bitter taste, and cinereous tint of the
gills. B. & Br. Name CTTI, and av06s, yellow. Yellowish. Fr. Monogr. \.
p. 422. Hym. Eur. p. 291. Icon. t. 133. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 914. C. Hbk. n.
404. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 380. Paul. t. 107. Batt. t. 23. D.

712. A. elaeodes Fr. Pileus brick-red or tan, fleshy, rather
plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, smooth, opaque ; flesh yellow.
Stem stuffed then hollow, equal, commonly slender, incurved or
flexuous, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, becoming
ferruginous. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, green then pure
olivaceous.

Csespitose ; odour bitter.

On trunks and on the ground. Slough, 1873.

Name e'Aatos, olive ; elSos, appearance. From the olive colour of the gills.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 291. B. & Br. n. 1419. A) pileus brick-red. Paul. t.
108. B) pileus tan. Bull. t. 30. Larbr. t. 16. /. 2 but the stein is figured as
hirsute.

713. A. fascicularis Huds. Pileus light yellow, the disc com-
monly darker, fleshy, thin, convex then flattened, somewhat
umbonate or obtuse, even, smooth, dry \flesh light yellow. Stem
very variable in length, hollow, thin, incurved or flexuous, fibril-

PRATELLI. 319

lose, of the same colour as the pileus and flesh. Gills adnate, Hyphoioma
very crowded, linear, somewhat deliquescent, sulpJiur-yellow then
becoming green.

It is very easily distinguished from the preceding species by its bitter odour
and taste, light-yellow flesh, and somewhat deliquescent, sulphur-yellow then
green gills. It forms also more crowded clusters. There are many remark-
able varieties ; one robitstior (more robust), stem thickened at the base, another
nana (dwarf), both on the ground.

On old stumps and the ground. Extremely common. April-
Dec.

Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad ; stem 5-22.5 cent. (2-9 in.) long, 4 mm.
(2 lin.) thick, but very variable in the same cluster. With portions of the veil
often adhering to the margin of the pileus. Poisonous. Spores sphaeroid-
ellipsoid 6-7x4 mk. K. ; 6x4 mk. IF. G.S. Name fasciculus, a small
bundle. Cosspitose. Huds. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 422. Hym. Eur. p. 291.
Berk. Out. p. 169. /. n./ i. C. Hbk. n. 405. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 381. Bolt,
t. 29. Sow. t. 285. Grei 1 . t. 329. Hussey ii. t. 15. Fl. Dan. t. 2075.
Krombh. t. 44. f. 4-5.

714. A. dispersus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i> in.) broad,
taivny-honey-colour^ not hygrophB.nousSs/zgfttlyJlesAy, campanulate
then convex, at length expanded, even, superficially silky round
the margin with the veil, or squamulose, otherwise even and
smooth; flesh thin, a little paler than the pileus. Stem 5 cent.
(2 in.) or a little more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal,
tense and straight, \.QUg\\, fibril loso-silky, somewhat ferruginous,
becoming fuscous at the base, pale at the apex. Gills adnate,
thin, i>entricose, broad (6-8 mm., 3-4 lin.), crowded, at first pallid-
straw-colour^ at length clouded, obsoletely green.

Gills broader than in A. fascicularis, &c. Solitary, scarcely ever caespitose.
On pine-stumps and the ground. Frequent. April-Nov.

N&medispergo, to scatter. From its habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
422. Hym. Eur. p. 292. Icon. t. 133. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 794. Berk. Out. p.
169. C. Hbk. n. 406. Illust. PI. 586. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 382. Saund.
Sm. t. 24. /. 1-3, stem much elongated.

** VISCIDI. Pileus naked, viscous.
No British species.

*** VELUTINI. Pileus silky or streaked with innate fibrils.

715. A. storea Fr. Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale
fuscous then dingy isabelline, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate,
somewhat depressed round the umbo, the whole surface broken
up into longitudinally adnate (rarely squarrose) fibrils. Cortina
a prolongation of the fibrils of the pileus, appendiculate at the
margin; flesh white, compact, but not thick. Stem 10-12.5 cent.

320 AGARICUS.

(_|_5 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, round, even, some-
what fibrillose, pallid. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, in
groups of 4-6, becoming livid-cinereous, at length fuscous, the
edge, which is at first serrulated, white.

Spores fuscous, not fuscous-purple. Firm, solitary and not hygrophanous,
in which it differs widely from A. lachrymabundus, &c. The habit is rather
that of Inocybe.

On roots of trees. Very rare. Ascot. Perth Fungus Show.
Sept.-Oct.

Gathered in England in 1873, m England and in Wales in 1874, and in
Scotland in 1875. Spores 6x4 mk. IV. P. Name storect, a mat. From the
texture of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 423. Hym. Eur. p, 293. B. & Br.
u. 1418. 5. I(Iycol. Scot. n. 383. Smith, Journ. Bot. xiv. t. 176. f. 4.

716. A. lachrymabundus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.)
broad, whitish when young, then fuscous, becoming pale round
the margin, truly fleshy, but not compact, convex, obtuse, piloso-
scaly, the innate scales darker; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.)
long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, somewhat thickened at the
base, fibril 't 'oso-scaly, becoming fuscous-whitish. Cortina separate,
fibrillose, appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, 6 mm.
(3 lin.) broad, whitish then fuscous-purple, edge whitish and dis-
tilling drops in wet weather.

fuscous-purple. From mutual pressure the pilei are often irregular.
Very casspitose, firm. It differs remarkably from A. pyrotrichus, c. , with
which it has been confounded, in the fleshy and not hygrophanous pileus. A.
lachrymabundus Bull. t. 525. f. 3 is A. pyrotrichus; /. 194 remains doubtful,
It must not be confounded with A. velutinus.

On trunks and the ground. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct.

A form has occurred in which the broadly adnate gills remained persistently
white. The edge was studded with beads of moisture as in the more ordinary
condition, B. or 5 Br. Frequently confounded with 4. velutinus. Spores 9-11
mk. B. & Br. Name lachrytna, a tear. From the drops of moisture on the
gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 423. Hym. Eur. />. 293. Icon. t. 134. f. i. Berk.
Out. p. 170. B. & Br. n. 1254*. C. Hbk. n. 407 partly. S. Mycol. Scot
n. 384. Hoffm. h. t. 15. /|3 (small).

717. A. pyrotrichus Holmsk. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
fiery-tawny, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then
expanded, densely clothed with somewhat adpressed tawny fibrils,
which are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales ; flesh
tawny. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
hollow, fibrous-soft, equal or not perceptibly thickened at the
base, fibrillose, commonly slightly squarrose with small scales,
becoming tawny. Cortina tawny. Gills adnate, somewhat
crowded, broad, at first pallid, the flocculose edge white, then
becoming brown, and at length free.

PRATELLI. 321

The colour is persistently tawny or fiery-tawny. Caespitose, slightly tinn, Hypholoma.
very striking.

About roots of trees, beech, &c. King's Lynn. Glamis. Aug.-
Oct.

Spores pip-shaped, 8x5 mk. C.B.P. ; 14-19 mk. Af.J.B. Name p,
fire ; 8pi, hair. From the fiery-coloured fibrils. Holmsk. Ot. ii. /. 35. Ft:
Monogt: i. p. 424. Hym. Eur. p. 293. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885,
/. 25. A. lachrymabundus Bull. t. 525. f. 3. Krombh. t. 42. f. 12-16.

718. A. velutinus Pers. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, lurid
when fresh, becoming tawny when half dry, clay-isabelline when
dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded,
at length obtusely umbonate, not scaly, but when young wholly
adpressedly tomentose with fibrils, at length becoming smooth
and even ; flesh very thin, of the same colour, fragile. Stem
when large 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more
thick, when smaller 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hol-
low, equal, jibrilloso-silky, tomentose from the summit to the veil,
dingy-clay-colour. Veil adhering chiefly to the margin of the
pileus, woolly, at Jirst white, then becoming black. Gills adfixed,
but easily separating (almost free), broad (when larger 8-10 mm.,
4-5 lin. broad), not much crowded, at first inclining to fuscous,
with the edge white, then date-brown-fuscous, dotted-black.

Stature various, often very large. Somewhat caaspitose, somewhat fragile.
On old stumps. Common. July-Oct.

Spores 6x 8 mk. \V. G.S. Name vellus, fleece. Velvety. Pers. Syn. p.

409. Ft: Monogr. i. /. 424. Hym. Em: p. 293. Berk. Out. p. 170. /. n.

f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 408, partly. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 38^. Seer. n. 399. Inzeng.

t. 7. /". 2. A. lachrymabundus Sow. t. 41. Abnormal variations Schceff. t. 34.

Paul. t. 55.7. i.

Var. leiocephalus B. & Br. Pileus hygrophanous, rugged,
smooth except at the margin, where it is fibrillose, pallid as is the
stem, whose apex is farinose.

Densely caespitose ; much smaller than the common form, but apparently a
mere variety, though a very striking one from its smooth but very rugged disc.
On old stumps. Sept. Name Aetos, smooth ; Ke^aArj, head. From its smooth
pileus. B. cr= Bt: n. 1009*.

**** FLOCCULOSI. Scales floccose, superficial, separating.

719. A. cascus Fr. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, livid-
grey, tan-whitish when dry, somewhat fleshy, oval then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, when dry soft and slightly wrinkled, persistently
even on the disc. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-
3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, fibrillose, white, delicately white-pul-

VOL. i. X

322 AGARICUS.

Hyphoioma. verulent at the apex. Veil appendiculate at the margin of the
pileus, squamulose, white. Gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, as
much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, arid, fragile, grey then black-fuscous t
edge whitish.

When young there are commonly superficial, -white, easily separating scales
on the pileus. Larger than A. Candolleamis, &c., gregarious, not casspitose,
very fragile.

In mountain wood. Rannoch.

Name cascus, old, primitive. With the appearance of age. Fr. Monogr.
i. p. 426. Hym. Eur. p. 294. B. 6 Br. n. 1537. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 386.

***** APPENDICULATI. Pileus smooth, hygrophanous.

720. A. lanaripes Cke. Pileus 4-7. 5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad,
pallid, disc often tawny or brownish, rather fleshy, margin thin,
campanulate then expanded, hygrophanous, squamose with super-
ficial scales from the breaking up of the cuticle ; veil attached in
fugacious patches. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, white, hollow,
fragile, somewhat fibrillose, tomentose at the base. Gills reach-
ing the stem, crowded, whitish then purplish-brown.

Somewhat caespitose. The margin of the pileus is purplish with a shade of
pink derived from the dark gills beneath, the whole plant becoming dark
brown on decay. The stem has white radiating hairs at the base. The gills
are not ventricose.

On soil in conservatories. Rare. July.

Name lana, wool ; pes, a foot. Woolly-stemmed. Cooke in Seem. Journ.
1866, p. 63. t. 3. /. 2. Hbk. n. 410. /. i./. 3. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 387. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 295.

721. A. Candolleanus Fr. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, date-
brown then becoming white, vertex somewhat ochraceous, some-
what fleshy, acorn-shaped then campanulate, soon convex and at
length flattened, obtuse and unequal, smooth, even ; flesh thin,
white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, fistu-
lose, solid at the base, somewhat thickened, fibrillose, white, striate
at the apex. Veil in the form of a cortina, appendiculate, white,
at length becoming fuscous. Gills rounded-adnexed, then separ-
ating, crowded, violaceous then fuscous-cinnamon, the edge at
the first whitish.

Readily distinguished from neighbouring species by the gills being at first
beautifully dark violaceous, never flesh-coloured. Densely caespitose, fragile,
very hygrophanous.

On stumps and on the ground. Frequent. Aug.-Oct.

Pileus splitting at the margin and finally recurved, W.G.S. Name after

PRATELLI. 323

De Candolle. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 426. Hym. Eur. p. 295. Berk. O^lt.p. 170. Hypholoma.
C. Hbk. n. 409. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 388. Saund. & Sm. t. 34, lower fig. Fl.
Dan. t. 774.

722. A. appendiculatus Bull. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad,
date-brown then tawny, becoming ochrey-pale when dry, fleshy-
membranaceous, thin, ovate then expanded, at length flattened,
obtuse, smooth, when dry slightly wrinkled, somewhat sprinkled
with atoms. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, equal, smooth, white, pruinate at the apex. Veil fring-
ing the margin of the pileus, fugacious, white. Gills somewhat
adnate, crowded, arid, white then flesh-coloured, at length fuscous.

Densely csespitose, very fragile and hygrophanous. Much thinner and
more fragile than A. Candolleanus. It may be safely distinguished from species
which are nearest to it by the gills being whitish then fuscous-flesh-colour.

On old stumps. Common. June-Oct.

Var. lanatus. A curious form, densely woolly when young, traces of the
woolly coat remaining at the apex when the pileus is fully expanded. Sibber-
toft. B. & B>: 11. 1876. Spores ellipsoid, pellucid, 6-8 x 3-4 mk. K. ; 4x6
mk. W.G.S. Name appendicula, a small appendage. From the fragments
of the veil hanging on the edge of the pileus. Bull. t. 392. Fr. Monogr. \.
p. 427. Hym. Eur. p. 296. Berk. Out. p. 170, /. n./. 3, 4. C. Hbk. n. 411.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 389. Sow. t. 324.

723. A. leucotephrus B. & Br. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad,
at the first pallid, somewhat campanulate, wrinkled, then convexo-
expanded, whitish. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, f% in. thick, fis-
tulose, silky-fibrillose downwards, striate or sulcato-striate at the
apex. Ring large, here and there appendiculate. Gills slightly
adnate, narrow, 3 mm. (\ l /2 lin.) broad, at the first cinereous-
whitish, then grey turning black.

Caespitose. Clearly different from A. Candolleanus and A. appendiculatus
Fr. The pileus is not of a rich brown when young, nor are the gills when old
at all brown.

At base of ash-trees. North Kilworth, 1870. Oct.

Spores very dark brown-purple, 7x4 mk. B. & Br. Name Xeu/co?, white ;
Tempos, ash-coloured. Cinereous-white. B. 6^ Br. n. 1256. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 296.

724. A. egenulus B. & Br. Pileus 4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) broad,
watery white, snow-white when dry, hemispherical, expanded,
umbonate, but not decidedly rugose or atomate, quite smooth,
even, except towards the edge, margin finely striate, appendicu-
late. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i> lin.) thick, fistulose,
attenuated upwards or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly-scaly.
Gills adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, moderately distant,
purplish umber with a white edge.

3 2 4

AGARICUS.

Hypholoma. The pileus is quite smooth as if delicately gummed. Spores brown-purple.
Solitary. Has exactly the habit of Scluzff. t. 205 (A. ceriums}. The nearest
ally is appendiculatus.

On the ground among grass. Apethorpe. May.

Name egcnulus, poor. Of appearance. B. &" Br. n. 915.
412. Illust. PI. 605. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 296.

C. Hbk. 11.

725. A. pilulaeformis Bull. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more
broad, fuscous when moist, dingy^ochraceous when dry, somewhat
membranaceous, globose then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth.
Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flexu-
ous, smooth, white, naked at the apex. Cortina manifest, woven,
in the form of a ring when young. Gills adnexed, easily separat-
ing, thin, narrow, linear, arid, white then cinereous, at length
becoming fuscous.

It is as it were a very small form of A. appendiculatus, but it differs essen-
tially in the gills never turning flesh-colour. Its mode of growth is almost
that of A. disseminates, very crowded and fragile.

On mossy trunks. Rare.

Berkeley is inclined to consider this the young state of A. hydropkilus Bull,
t. 511. Name pilula, a. little ball; forma, form. From its shape. Bull. t.
112. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 428. Hym. Eur. p. 296. B. cr= Br. n. 1951.

Psiiocybe. Subgenus XXXII. PSILOCYBE (^\6s, naked ;

head).

Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 289. No manifest veil, at least not a woven

one. Stem somewhat cartilaginous,
rigid or tough, tubular, the tube hol-
low or stuffed, often rooting. Pileus
more or less fleshy, smooth, the
margin at first incurved. Gills be-
coming fuscous or purple. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 297.

Psilocybe corresponds with Colly-
bia, Leptonia, and Naucoria. Nearly
all the species grow on the ground,
and are gregarious, here and there
casspitose. Inodorous. None are
edible.

I. Tenaces (tenax, tough). Veil not es-
sential, rarely conspicuous. Stem thick-
skinned, flexile, most frequently coloured.
Pileus with a pellicle, most frequently slight-
ly viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of pileus bright.

XXXI II. Agaricus (Psilocybe) sfa-
diceies. One-third natural size.

PRATELLI. 325

' Gills ventricose, not decurrent. Psilocybe.

** Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent. Deconica Worth.
Smith.
*** Gills somewhat linear, ascending.

II. Rigid! (rigidus, stiff). No veil. Stem rigid. Pileus scarcely with a
pellicle, but the "flesh most frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed,
very rarely adnate. Differing from Psaliotas and Hypholomata, to which they
are very similar, in having no partial veil at the first.

I. TENACES. Veil not essential, &c.
* Gills ventricose^ not decurrent.

726. A. ericaeus Pers. Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i- 1 j in.) and more
broad, tawny-ferruginous when wetted, tawny-yellow when dry,
fleshy but thin, convex then expanded, scarcely umbonate, even,
smooth, commonly dry and shining, but somewhat 'viscous when
wetted. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick,
fistulose, tough, equal, somewhat smooth, but varying slightly
silky, becoming light yellow, white-villous at the base. Gills
adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, plane, somewhat distant, pallid
then blackish, pruinose (becoming olive when the pruina disap-
pears) edge whitish.

Gregarious, tough, various in stature. There is a smaller variety with the
pileus date brown.

In woods and pastures. Rare. July-Oct.

Xame erica, heath. Frequenting heathy ground. Pers. Syn. p. 413.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 430. Hym. Eur. p. 298. Icon. t. 136. /. i. B. & Br. n.
149. C. Hbk. n. 416. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 390. A. clivulorum Letell. t. 676.

727. A. udus Pers. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>-i in.) broad, brick-
tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, more
or less evidently tunbonate, smooth, even or when old slightly
wrinkled. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a
little more thick, fistulosc^ equal, fibrillose, tawny -ferruginous,
paler at the apex. Gills adfixed, ventricose, very broad, lax,
plane or convex, pallid then becoming fuscous-purple.

Not hygrophanous. Scattered, tough when young, slender. Very decep-
tive on account of the colour of the gills when sterile. Among Sphagna there
is a var. with the pileus somewhat membranaceous, acutely conical, tawny,
and the gills pallid because sterile.

In swampy places among Sphagna. Epping Forest, 1880. Nov.

Name udus, moist. Pers. Syn. p. 414. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 298. Grevillea,
vol. ix. p. 93.

728. A. areolatus Klotsch. Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in.)

326 AGARICUS.

Psilocybe. broad, ochraceous or fuscous, somewhat fleshy, convex, clothed
with minute fibrils, cuticle cracking into nearly equal square
patches. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick,
hollow, generally thickened at the base, fibrillose, dirty white.
Gills adnate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, umber at length black,
the edge white and beaded with drops of moisture.

In gardens. Glasgow Botanic Garden. Faldonside. May-
Oct.

According to Klotsch there is a fugacious fibrous and membranaceous veil.
Name areola, a small patch. From the cuticle cracking into little squares.
Klotsch Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 112. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 414. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 391. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 298.

729. A. agrarius Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) rarely 5 cent. (2
in.) broad, at first white and without lustre, by no means becoming
pale but becoming cinereous in drying, not hygrophanous, slightly
firm but slightly fleshy, convex, at length flattened, and then often
umbonate, even, smooth; flesh firm, white, but not 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~ 2 m -) long* 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
fistulose, equal, smooth, white. No veil conspicuous. Gills
obtusely adnate, crowded when young, somewhat distant when
the pileus is flattened, linear, white, at length fuscous.

Care must be taken not to suppose it belongs to Leucospori on account of the
white gills.

About roots of decayed trees, &c. North Kilworth, 1870, &c.
Sept.-Oct.

In colour the pileus somewhat resembles Hygrophorus ovinus, B. & Br.
Name ager, a field. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 299. Icon. t.
" L '37'f- * B. 6 Br. n. 1257. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 392.

730. A. chondrodermus B. Br. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, dark date-brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth with
exception of the append iculate margin, even, cracked here and
there in different directions. Veil woven and jagged. Stem 5
mm. (2% lin.) thick above, 6 mm. (3 lin.) at the base, fistulose,
somewhat equal, paler than the pileus, fibrillose, squamulose at
the base. Gills adfixed, separating, ventricose, margin white.

Spores 6 mk. long, half as much wide, purple-black, almost oblong. The
pileus stains paper yellow.

In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept.

It has occurred in different places in 1875 and 1877. Name xoi'Spos, car-
tilage ; Sep/xa, skin. Parchment-skinned. B. 6 Br. n. 1538. S. Mycol. Scot,
n. 393. C. I II u st. PL 606. A.

PRATELLI. 327

** Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent. Psilocybe.

731. A. ammophilus Dur. & Mont. Pileus somewhat fleshy,
hemispherical then umbo-form. Stem at length soft, hollow,
buried half-way up in the sand, base clavate. Gills somewhat de-
current with a tooth, smoky, black-pulverulent with the spores.

The affinity of this species is uncertain, but it is remarkable for the base of
the stem being buried and clavate.

On sandy ground on the sea-shore. St Andrews, 1874. Sept.

Spores 12x8 mk. B. & Br. Name a/u/uo?, sand; $i'Aos, loving. Expl.
sclent. Alg. t. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 299. B. 6 Br. n. 1661. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 393. C. Illust. PI. 606. B. '

732. A. coprophilus Bull Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufes-
cent-tan, slightly fleshy, hemispherical then expanded, umbonate,
even, smooth, scarcely viscous. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.),
somewhat fistulose, at first containing a pith, shaggy-flocculose,
then elongated and becoming smooth, shining, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, attenuated upwards &&&prmnate at the apex. Veil scarcely
conspicuous. Gills somewhat arcuato-decurrent, broad, crowded,
livid then fuscous.

On dung. Rare. Autumn.

Pileus at first white and downy, clothed with little superficial scales, brown,
at length smooth and umber, M.J.B. Name /con-pos, dung; $iAo?, loving.
Bull. t. 566. /. 3. Fr. j\Ionogr. i. p. 431. Hym. Eur. p. 299. Berk. Out. p.
171. C. Hbk. n. 434. Illust. PL 608. A.

733. A. bullaceus Bull. Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad,
dark (bay-brown) tawny, then ochraceous-brick and tan when
dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, almost membranaceous at the
margin, hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, umbonate, covered
with a viscous separable pellicle, smooth ; margin at first even,
appendiculate with the veil, then striate and naked. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) or little more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal
or attenuated at the base, furnished with a cortina when young
hence slightly fibrillerse, slightly tawny then becoming yellow,

fuscous-ferruginous at the base. Gills adnate, in no wise decurrent,
somewhat triangular, plane, crowded, livid-whitish then fuscous-
ferruginous.

'>'

The spores are purple-lilac on a black ground like those of A. coprophilus.
Gregarious, beautiful.

On dung, chiefly horse. Frequent. Aug.-Sept.

Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid, 6-10 x 4-7 mk. K. ; n x 7 mk. W.G.S. Name
bulla, a knob. Furnished with an umbo. Bull. t. 566. / 2. Fr. Monogr. i.

328 AGARICUS.

Psilocybe. p. 431. Hym. Enr. p. 299. Berk. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 435. Illust. PL
608. B. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 395.

734. A. physaloides Bull. Pileus 7-5- 10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,
fuscous-purple^ slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded and at

length flattened, with a prominent umbo, and at length depressed
round the umbo, smooth, even, petticuloso-mscid, shining. Stem
2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, fistulose, filiform, flexile, adprcs-
sedly fibril lose, becoming pale, date-brown at the base. Veil not
manifest. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, equally
attenuated from the stem, pallid ferruginous-fuscous.

Spores fuscous-purple, almost black on white paper, but violaceous-lilac on
a black ground. Very much allied to A. bullacens and A. coprophilus. A.
inquilinus is easily confounded with it.

On dung, &c. Uncommon. Sept.

Spores 8x6 mk. W. G.S. ; 12 x 7 mk. B. & Br. Name </>v<mAis, a bladder ;
el'fios, appearance. Bull. t. 566. /. i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 432. Hym. Eur. p.
300. B: & Br. n. 690. Berk. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 436. Ill list. PL 609.
A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 396.

735. A. atro-rufus Schaeff. Pileus black-rufous or purple-
fuscons, but becoming very pale when dry, slightly fleshy, hemi-

spherico-convex, obtuse, smooth, striate at the margin when in
fullest vigour, without stria? when dry. Stem thin, scarcely 2
mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, at first somewhat fibrillose, then
smooth, pallid date-brown, slightly pruinate at the apex. Gills
adnate, somewhat decurrent, triangular, plane, umber or purple-
umber.

There are two forms : A. stem longer, fibrillose, pileus smaller. B. stem
curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.), smooth, pileus bullaceous.

In mixed wood. Glamis, 1876. Nov.

Spores ovoideo-sphaeroid, 6-8x4-5.5 mk. K. Name tf^r, black; rufus,
red. Schceff. t. 234. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 433. Hym. Eur. p. 300. B. & Br.
n. 1770. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 397.

736. A. nucisedus Fr. Pileus light yellowish, slightly fleshy,
convex, obsoletely umbonate, even, slightly silky when dry. Stem
2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fistulose, slender, pallid, somewhat atten-
uated downwards, becoming fuscous, white-villous. Gills adnate,
broad, plane, fuscous then umber-black.

Stem often pruinate at the apex. It differs from A. atro-rufus in its habitat
being epiphytal, in the stem being paler and tougher, attenuated downwards
and white-villous at the base, in the pile-its being somewhat umbonate slightly
silky and becoming yellow when dry, and in the gills being scarcely decurrent.
Exactly the habit' of A. inquilinus, but differing chiefly in the fuscous spores.
A similar plant occurs on the nuts of hazel, but wholly umber, becoming clay-
yellow when dry.

PRATELLI. 329

On beech-mast and among chips. West Farleigh, Kent. Psilocybe.

Name nux, a nut ; sedeo, to sit. Growing on nuts. Fr. Hym. Enr. i>.
300. Monogr. i. /. 433. B. 6" Br. ?i. 1539. C. Illnst. PI. 609. B.

*** Gills somewhat linear, ascending.

737. A. comptus Fr. Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-\ l / 2 in.) broad,
pallid then ochraceous, somewhat membranaceous, conical then
expanded, striate, sprinkled with shining spots, somewhat cren-
ulated at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or
little more thick, fistulose, flexuous, even, silky-shining. Gills
adnate, ascending, distant, ray/-umber.

In woods among grass. Rare. Sept. -Oct.

Name como, to ornament. Adorned. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 301. S. Mycol.
Scot. n. 398. A. comptulus B. & Br. n. 917. t. 14. f. 4, not Fr. C. Hbk. ti.
415. I Liu st. PI. 589. A.

738. A. semilanceatus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. (Yz in.) high not
broad, various in colour, becoming yellow, green, fuscous, some-
what membranaceous, acutely conical, almost cuspidate, never
expanded, but the margin when young at first bent inwards,
covered with a pellicle which is viscous and separable in wet
weather, slightly striate chiefly round the margin. Stem as
much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistu-
lose and containing apitli, equal, more frequentlyy7^i7/^//^, smooth,
capable of being twisted round the finger, smooth, becoming pale ;
furnished with a cortina when young. Gills ascending into the
summit of the cone, adnexed, almost linear, crowded, becoming
purple-black.

Gregarious, very tough.

Pastures and roadsides, c. Common. Aug.-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid, 9-16x4-9 mk. K. ; 14x9 mk. W. G.S. Name semi,
half ; lancea, a spear. Nearly spear-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 433. Hym.
Enr. p. 301. Berk. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 417. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 399.
Sow. t. 440. f. 1-3.

II. RIGIDI. Veil none. Stem rigid, &c.

739. A. spadiceus Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,
date-brown-umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex then
plane, obtuse, even, smooth, moist (not viscid) in rainy weather,
often broken up in cracks when dry ; margin inflexed when
young. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.)
thick, firm, somewhat cartilaginous, hollow, equal, often curved,

330 AGARICUS.

Psilocybe. smooth, whitish, not striate at the apex. Gills rounded-adnexed,
crowded, arid, whitish, then flesh-colour, at length umber.

It is most certainly different from A. appendiculatits, which is of the same
colour, in the pileus and stem being rigid, and in being absolutely destitute of
a veil. It departs from all others in this section in the gills being whitish then
flesh-colour, then fuscous. Forming large lax clusters.

On stumps, the ground, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Spores ellipsoid, 8-9x4-5 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name spadix, a
palm-branch. Date-brown. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 435. Hym. Eur. p. 302.
Berk. Out. p. 171. C. Hbk. n. 418. Illust. PL 610. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 400.
Schceff. t. 60. /. 4-6.

* A. hygrophilus, larger. Pileus fuscous then tan, bullate.
Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, somewhat fusiform-rooted. Gills
emarginate, deeply decurrent in the form of lines, at length fus-
cous-umber.

On stumps. Oct. Glamis, 1874. Name vypov, moisture ; <J>i'Ao?, loving.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 302. Monogr. i. p. 435. B. &= Br. n. 1771. 5. Mycol.
Scot. n. 400.

740. A. ceriums Fl. Dan. Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (1-2^ in.) broad,
livid inclining to pale 'when moist, white when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, fragile, campanulate then flattened, obtuse,
smooth (or atomate under a lens), slightly wrinkled when dry.
Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick,

fistulose, equal, round, rigid-fragile, smooth, shining white, slight-
ly mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, at first linear, then ventricose,
scarcely crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, at first white then cin-
ereous-blackish .

Pileus slightly pellucid-striate. Stem is sometimes curved, hence the pileus
is nodding. The spores do not change to ferruginous. Solitary or gregarious,
scarcely csespitose.

On dead wood, chips, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Dec.

Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name cernuo, to fall head-foremost. From the
nodding pileus. Fl. Dan. t. 1005. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 436. Hym. Eur. p.
302. Berk. Out. p. 171. C. Hbk. n. 419. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 401. Schceff.
t. 205. Fault, no./. 3.

741. A. hebes Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lurid when
moist, pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then
expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid 2O\& slightly striate
at the margin when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 4-5
cent. (1^2-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid,
fistulose, equal, even, smooth, naked, becoming pale white. Gills
very broad behind, triangular, wholly adnate, crowded, arid,
white then becoming fuscous.

PRATELLI. 331

It is best distinguished by the form of the gills. Commonly solitary, slight- Psilocybe.
ly rigid. Veil none.

On grass among leaves near chestnut. Hothorpe, iSSi. Nov.

Pileus at first obtuse, but in drying it becomes spuriously and minutely um-
bonate. Spores black purple, 18 mk. B. & Br. Name hebes, blunt. Ob-
tuse. Ft: Monogr. i. p. 437. Hym. Eur. p. 303. Icon. t. 137. f. 3 minor.
B. &= Br. n. 1952. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 28. /. 5, a little larger. C. Illust.
PL 589. B.

742. A. foenisecii Pers. Pileus broad, pale fuliginous fuscous

or brown, becoming pale, fleshy chiefly at the disc, campanulato-
convex, obtuse, dry, smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weath-
er. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fis-
tulose, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, equal, naked, rufesccnt, at
the first paler and white-pulverulent, somewhat pubescent. Gills
aclnate but ventricose in front, hence they appear broadly emar-
ginate, somewhat distant, not thin, inclining to fuscous, livid-
fuscous at the sides, at length umber.

When half dry the disc of the pileus becomes pale. Veil none. In its
whole nature it is widely removed from other species in this section ; its habit
is quite that of Paiui\>lus, but the gills are not variegated and the spores are
umber.

Pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. April- Sept.

Gregarious. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, banded with various tints
when losing its moisture. Attention must be paid to the colour of the spores,
or it will be sought for amongst the Paneeoli, M.J.B. Spores 11x7 mk.
IV.G.S. NaxoQfcenisicia, hay-harvest. From its occurring among meadow-
grass, and from the season when first gathered. Pers. Ic. descr. t. n.f.i.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 437. Hym. Eur. p. 303. Berk. Eng. Fl. \. p. 112. Out.
p. 171, /. ii. f. 5. Hussey i. /. 39. C. Hbk. n. 421. Illust. PL 590. S.
-\fycol. Scot. n. 402. Buxb. C. 4. /. 38. f. i.

743. A. clivensis B. & Br. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at
first pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, somewhat
hemispherical, even, sprinkled with shining particles; margin
striated, not straight. Stem 4 cent. (\ l /z in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, fistulose, nearly equal, except at the very base where it
is slightly clavate, somewhat silky. Gills broad, adnate, widely
emarginate, ventricose in front, rather distant, umber, margin
white.

Spores umber. Intermediate between A. hebes and A. f&iiisedi, with the
habit of the former.

On the ground. King's Cliffe, 1860. Oct.

Name clivus, a slope, hill-side. B. &= Br. n. 916. /. 14. /. 3. C. Hbk. n.
420. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 303.

33 2

AGARICUS.

Psiiocybe. 744. A. scobicola B. & Br. Pileus white, convex, umbilicate,
smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat equal or dilated at the apex,
fibrillose. Gills adnexed, broad.

On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1877.

Name scobis, sawdust ; colo, to inhabit.
Scot. n. 403. C. Illust. PL 607.

Nov.
B. & Br. n. 1769. S. My col

Psathyra.

Subgenus XXXIII. PSATHYRA (Wv P 6s, friable). Veil
none or only universal, and floccoso-fibrillose. Stem somewhat

cartilaginous, fistulose with a tube,
polished, fragile. Pileus conical or
campanulate, membranaceous, the
margin at the first straight and ad-
pressed to the stem. Gills becoming
purple or fuscous. Slender, fragile,
hygrophanous. [The series of tough
species does not exist among the
Psathyras ; the analogous forms will
be found among the tough species
of Psiiocybe.] Some of the last spe-
cies of Hypholoma and Psiiocybe are
very closely allied to them. The
Coprinarii are readily distinguished
by the gills being white or cinereous
then black, not fuscous nor becoming
purple. Fr. Hym. Eur.p. 304.
Psathyra corresponds with Mycena, No lane a, Galera, and
Psathyrella. All the species grow on the ground or on trunks.

XXXIV. Agaricus (Psathyra) hi
frons. One-third natural size.

I. Conopilei (KOWO?, a cone). Pileus conico- campanulate ; gills ascending,
adnexed, of ten free . Stem tense and straight, veil none. On the ground in
grassy or damp places.

II. Obtusati (A. obtusatus}. Pileus campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth
or atomate, gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed. Veil none.

III. Fibrillosi (A.fibrillosus). Pileus and stem at the first floccose or fibril-
lose from the universal veil.

I. CONOPILEI. Pileus conico- campanulate t

745. A. conopileus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more
high and broad, whitish then becoming pale, somewhat membra-
naceous, conico - campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, even,
smooth. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick,
fistulose, attenuated upwards^ tense and straight, polished, smooth,

PRATELLI. 333

silvery -shining. Veil plainly awanting. Gills adnexed in the top Psathyra.
of the cone, at first sight free, crowded, only slightly ventricose,
becoming fuscous-purple.

Spores fuscous-purple. Fragile. Large, striking.

In gardens. Rare. Oct.

It has occurred with a distinct bulb, B. cr 1 Br. Name conns, a cone ;
pileus, felt hat. With cone-shaped pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 438. Hym.
Eur. p. 304. Berk. Out. p. 173. B. & Br. n. 2010. C. Hbk. n. 422. S.
Mycol. Scut. n. 404. Hoffm. Ic.f. 2. A. superbus Juiigh. Linn. t. 6. f. n.

746. A. mastiger B. & Br. --Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.)
broad, dark rich brown when moist, umber-tan when dry, some-
what fleshy, at first nearly cylindrical, obtuse, then conico-cam-
panulate, with a strong mammiform umbo, repand, not striate,
margin straight. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) or more long, 3-4 mm.
(1^-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, smooth
or fibrillose and furfuraceous, pale umber within. Veil none.
Gills affixed, ascending, rather narrow, umber, edge paler.

As the plant dries the stem acquires the tint of the pileus, but pale. This
fine species is allied to A. conopileus, but differs in many respects. The dark
colour and mammiform apex are very striking.

On roadsides among grass. Apethorpe. Sept.

Name /naoro?, the breast. Bearing a breast-shaped umbo. B. & Br. u.
921. /. 14. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 423. Illust. PI. 591. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 304.

747. A. corrugis Pers.--Pileus 1-4 cent. ( l /z-i l /2 in.) broad,
commonly rose-colour or pallid flesh-colour when moist, becom-
ing pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, fragile, campanu-
late, somewhat u/nbonate, smooth, slightly striate when moist,
corrugated when dry. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i
lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tense and straight, slightly firm ;
equal, smooth, whitish or rufescent. Gills adnate, or sinuato-
aclfixed, ventricose, distinctly violaceous then blackish.

There are many forms, such as with the pileus tan-colour, and reticulato-
wrinkled with raised ribs. It is easily confounded with A. gracilis.

In pastures. Frequent. Sept.-Nov.

Spores subellipsoid, 13-14x7 mk. A'.; 14x8 mk. W. G.S. ; 13x5 mk.

W. P. Name con, and ruga, a wrinkle. With wrinkled folds. Pers. Syn.
p. 424. Fr. Monogr. i. . 439. Hym. Eur. p. 305. Berk. Out. p. 173. C.
Hbk. n. 424. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 405. Holmsk. 2. t. 32. Lower in stature :
A. vinosus Corda, Sturm 19. t. 4. B. cr Br. n. 1952*. C. Illust. PL 592.

-B. stature of A. gracilis : Bull. t. 561. /. t. A. pellospermus distinct trom
A. corrugis, according to Berkeley. B. cr Br. n. 2012.

334 AGARICUS.

Psathyra. II. OBTUSATI. Pileus campamilato-convex,

748. A. spadiceo-griseus Schaeff. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and
more broad, date-brown when moist, whitish-grey when dry, very
hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, very fragile, campan-
ulate then convex, and at length flattened, obtuse, smooth, even,
but from its moist substance pellucid-striate to the middle. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, whit-
ish, shining, striate at the apex, sometimes pulverulent. Gills
attenuated behind, hence adnexed only, crowded, narrow, at first
ascending, then plane, umber-fuscous.

Solitary or gregarious ; sometimes many stems are joined, but not growing
together at the base. Watery, fragile. Veil none.

On wood. Frequent. Oct.-Nov.

Name spadix, bay brown ; griseus, grey. S>cha>ff. t. 237. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 440. Hym. Eur. p. 306. Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 426. Illust. PL
611. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 406. A. stipatus Fl. Dan. t. 1673. /. 2.

749. A. ofotusatus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad,
date-brown-fuscous or umber-fuscous, paler at the margin, some-
what membranaceous, conical when young, then convex, at length

flattened, obtuse, even at the disc, striate at the margin ; flesh
scarcely any, of the same colour. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long,
2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fragile, fistulose, round, equal, Jibrilloso-
silky, not pulverulent, whitish, even at the apex:. Veil none. Gills
adnate, broad, distinct, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous, then
umber.

Thin, rigid-fragile ; single or coespitose. In the colours and in the absence
of a veil it approaches near to A. spadiceus, but is easily distinguished by its
stature, by the nature of the stem, and by the gills never being flesh-colour.

On the ground and on wood. Rare. Aug.

Name obtusus, blunt. Obtuse. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 441. Hym. Eur. p.
306. B. & Br. n. 918. C. Hbk. n. 427. Illust. PL 593. S. Mycol. Scot.
n. 407. Schceff. t. 60. f. 1-3. Var. minor: Vaill. Par. t. 12. f. 5, 6.

III. FIBRILLOSI. Pileus and stem at the first floccose,

750. A. bifrons Berk. Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) broad, ochra-
ceous-brown, tinged with red, pale-tan when dry, somewhat mem-
branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled ; margin thin,
transparent. Stem 6 cent. (2)4. in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
filiform, thickest at the base, straight, very brittle, naked, but
very minutely satiny, not pulverulent. Gills adnate, moderately
broad, pinkish-cinereous, margin white, composed of minute
wavy teeth.

PRATELLI. 335

Spores brown-purple. Pileus clothed, when young, with a delicate evanes- Psathyra.
cent veil.

Among sticks. Rare. Aug.-Sept.

Xame bis, a.nd/rons, front. With two faces. From the different colours.
Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 114. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 425. Illust. PL 594. S.
Mycol. Scot. ?i. 408. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 347. Hym. Riir. p. 307. Icon. t.
138. /. 2. Var. semitinctus Phill. C. Illust. PL 594.

751. A. semivestitus B. & Br. Pileus about 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.)
broad, dark brown becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with
little snow-white fibrils more than half-way up, not striate. Stem
5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (\ l / 2 lin.) thick, fistulose, nearly straight,
fibrilloso-silky, snow-white. Gills adnate, ascending, broad be-
hind, umber-brown, tinged with the dark spores.

The stem is rather strong, white with a pale under-tinge of brown, and the
walls within are white with down. Allied to A. noli-tangere, but distinct in
character from all the neighbouring species.

Among grass in rich pasture. King's Cliffe, 1860. Oct.

Spores elongate pruniform, 14 nik. Q. Name semi ; vcstio, to clothe.
Half-clothed. From the fibrils on the pileus. B. & Br. ?i. 920. t. 14. f. 5.
C. Hbk. n. 432. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 307.

752. A. fibrillosus Pers. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more
broad, livid or becoming ivliitc, somewhat membranaceous, cam-
panulate then convex, then flattened, obtuse, striate with the
translucent gills, commonly smooth, sometimes at the first squam-
ulose. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, equal, clothed throughout ivitli fibrilloso- fasciculate,
spreading, white squainulcs, white. Gills adnate, broader behind,
6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at length plane, cinereous then becom-
ing black-purple.

Spores black-purple. Assuming many forms ; always solitary. The typical
form is very fragile.

On the ground in woods. Rare.

^/rrt, a fibre. Covered with fibrils. Pers. p. 424 (fibrils becoming
black, perhaps from the spores). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 442. Hym. Eur. p. 308.
Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 428. C. Illust. PL 595. B.

753. A. Gordoni B. & Br. Pileus 4 cent. (i l / 2 in.) broad, at
first pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanulate,
sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. Stem 5
cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (\y z lin.) thick, fistulose, brittle, trans-
versely undulated, white-pruinose above, floccose below, but
becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills narrowly ad-

336 AGARICUS.

Psathyra. nate, ascending, distant, moderately broad, scarcely ventricose,
cinereous.

Densely ccespitose. Smell faint, nauseous. When young the whole plant
is covered over with copious white flocci.

On old stumps. Orton Longueville, 1860, &c. Oct.

Name after Marchioness of Huntly. B. 6 Br. n. 922. /. 15. /. 7.
1661*. C. Hbk. n. 433. A. aulacinus Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 348.

754. A. glareosus B. & Br. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) broad,
grey, pale chestnut at the apex, campanulate, obtuse or umbonate,
striate, with flocci like little crumbs. Stem 2.5-5 cent - ( ! ~ 2 in> )
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, clothed with white fibrils,
brown. Gills broad behind, adnate, umber.

Pileus very minutely tomentose. Flesh brown, especially close to the gills.
Spores black.

On gravelly soil after wet weather. Sibbertoft, 1882. June.

Name glarea, gravel. Found in gravelly places. B. & Br. n. 2011. C.
Illust. PL 591. B.

755. A. pennatus Fr. Pileus 12 mm. ( l / 2 in.) high, and when
at length expanded 2.5 cent, (r in.) broad, inclining to livid then
white, or becoming fuscous-brick when young, somewhat mem-
branaceous, ovate then campanulate, not striate, but for a long
time and densely clothed with white plumose scales, at length naked.
Stem 2.5-4 cent. (\-\Yz in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistu-
lose, equal, villous, white-pulverulent at the apex, silvery. Gills
adnexed, crowded, ventricose, broad, livid then fuscous-blackish.

Gregarious, fragile, readily distinguished from neighbouring species by its
curt stature; but there is an elongated variety. It has the appearance of
Coprinus cinereus.

On naked soil and on burnt sawdust. Rare. June.

Name pennct, a feather. From the feathery scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 443.
Hym, Eur. p. 308. B. fir 1 Br. n. 1010. C. Hbk. n. 430. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
409. Qutt. t. S.f. 3 (smaller, pileus naked).

756. A. gossypinus Bull. Pileus ochraceous-clay, somewhat
membranaceous, campanulate, expanded, tomentose, soon becoming
smooth, slriate at the margin. Stem tomentose, whitish. Gills
adnexed, ventricose, white then fuscous-black.

Somewhat ceespitose, fragile. From its habit it was formerly referred to
Coprini. Allied to A. pennatus, from which it differs chiefly in the more
tomentose. covering (veil), with which the young plant is densely wrapped
round, and in the ocAraceous-clay colour.

PRATELLI. 337

In woods, on the ground. Coed Coch, iSSi. Oct. Psathyra.

Spores 10-13 mk. B. & Br. Name gossipium, cotton. From its being
downy or cottony. Bull. t. 425. /. 2 (large). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Monogr.
i. p. 443. Berk. Out. p. 174. B. & Br. n. 1953. C. Hbk. n. 431. Illust.
PL 612. A. Bolt. t. 71. /. i.

757. A. noli-tangere Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad,
when moist, pallid umber in larger specimens, dark fuscous in
smaller, becoming pale when dry, very hygrophanous, mem-
branaceous, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, smooth with
exception of separating squamules, striate throughout, becoming
even when dry. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.)
thick, fistulose, equal, somewhat naked, even at the apex. Gills
adnate, broad, plane, sometimes pallid, somewhat dark fuscous.

Gregarious, very fragile. Stem often curved, becoming fuscous, darker
towards the base. A universal veil covering the young plant has not been
observed in this species, only white, floccose squamules round the margin of the
pileus. The larger form on oak-chips, the smaller on damp shady ground.

Among moss, &c. Sibbertoft, 1881. Sept.

Spores 13 mk., more elongated than in A. gossypinus, B, & Br. Name
touch-me-not. From its very fragile nature. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 443. Hym.
Eur. p. 309. Icon. t. 138. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1954. C. Illust. PL 612. B.
A. xylophilus Sow. t. 167, but the white scales are awanting.

758. A. microrhizus Lasch. Pileus ochraceous or rufous-
brown, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate, even, dry,
shining with atoms, at the first yellow-pilose. Stem short, thin,
rooted, silky, whitish. Gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid
then becoming black-brown.

Gregarious, fragile. At the first it is everywhere flocculose and somewhat
furnished with a cortina. The spores are fuscous or black according to the
ground on which they are deposited.

On the naked soil. Sibbertoft, 1881. Sept.

Varying in size from a few lines to i^ in., when it approaches the finer
forms of A. gossypinus, B. & Br. Name /u.i/cpo?, small; pa, a root. With
short root. Lasch n. 468. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. B. 6 Br. n. 1955. C.
Illust PL 596. A.

759. A. urticaecola B. Br. Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
white, campanulate, flocculent; margin at length straight, striate.
Stem short, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, flocculent,
white. Gills ventricose in front, attenuated behind, adnexed, at
first white, then of a rich chocolate.

Stem springing immediately from the matrix. Allied to A. pcnnatus.

On nettle-roots. King's Cliffe. Aug.

VOL. I. Y

33*

AGARICUS.

Name urtica, nettle ; colo, to inhabit. B. & Br. n. 919. Fr. Hym. Eur.
p. 309. C. Illust. PL 596. B.

SERIES V. COPRINARII (/C^TT/JOS, dung.) Spores black, hence

the gills, which are all separate from each other, never become

purple or fuscous. The genus Coprinus is readily distinguished

by the gills cohering at first (not separate) and by their becoming

fluid, &c. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309.

Intermediate between Agaricus &h& Coprinus.

Subgenns XXXIV. PAN^IOLUS (iravofoAos, all- variegated).

Veil woven, often awanting. Stem
polished, slightly firm. Pileus slight-
ly fleshy, without strice, the margin
exceeding the gills. Gills ascending
into the top of the cone, " papilion-
aceous" that is variegated, when
young here and there somewhat pale
yellowish in dry weather. Commonly
growing on dung. Fr. Hym. Eur.

P- 309-

The species will usually be found

in rich places, near villages, &c., in
summer and late autumn. None are
edible.

* Pileus, with a gelatinous - liquescent
cuticle, viscous, shining- when dry.

** Pileus { (damp) moist, opaqzie, bibulous,
when dry somewhat flocculose.

*** Pileus dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned.
**** Pileus dry, smooth, zoned round the margin.

* Pileus viscous, shining when dry.

760. A. separatus Linn. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, clay-
whitish, slightly fleshy, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth,
viscous. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, varying shorter,
fistulose, tense and straight and rigid, slightly attenuated from
the thickened base, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, whitish, even,
striate under a lens, smooth, naked, black-pruinate above with
the spores. Ring distant, entire, persistent, white. Gills adnate,
but almost separating, ascending, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, cin-
ereous-black.

A. major, pileus ovato-campanulate. A. semiovatus Sow. t. 131. A. cili-

XXXV. Agaricus (JPan&olus) sepa-
rates. One-fourth natural size.

COPRINARII. 339

aris Bolt. t. 53. B. minor, pileus campanulato convex, yellowish ; stem Panaeolus.
5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. Bull. t. 84.

On dung. Common. April-Dec.

Pileus when dry shining as if oiled, and sometimes slightly wrinkled when
old. Spores ellipsoid, 16-22 x 10-12 mk. K. ; i6xnmk. W. G.S. Name
separatus, distinct, separate. Not ccespitose. Linn. Suec. n. 1220. Fr.
Monogr. \. p. 444. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. /. n. f. 7. C.
Hbk. ?i. 437. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 410. Price f. 39. Fl. Bat. 820. /. 2.

761. A. leucophanes B. Br. Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) broad,
white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse,
viscid, shining when dry, innately silky, appendiculate at the
margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick in
the centre, fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, fibrillose, sprin-
kled with mealy particles, transversely somewhat undulated.
Gills adnate, pallid grey-flesh-colour, then black, margin white.

Allied to A. separatus.

In grass fields. King's Cliffe. Aug.

Spores somewhat cymbiform, 9 mk. B. & Br. Name A.CUKO?, white ;
to appear. B. & Br. n. 1127. /. n./. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310.

762. A. fimiputris Bull. Pileus 2.5 cent (i in.) broad, fulig-
inous-cinereous or livid, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded,
somewhat gibbous, even, smooth, viscid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4
in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, above the
middle girt with an annular zone, becoming pale. Gills adfixed,
livid-blackish.

More slender and more fragile than A. separatus, with the ring incomplete,
and the gills less ascending. There is also a variety, lower in stature, with
the stem firmer, and the pileus more flattened and variable in colour.

On clung. Common. April-Nov.

Pileus generally beaded with the veil, M.J.B. Spores 7x8 mk. W. G.S.
Na.meJ!mus, dung ; putris, rotten. Bull. t. 66. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 445.
Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. /. n. f. 6. C. Hbk. n. 439. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 411. Bolt. t. 57. Baft. t. 28. P.

763. A. phalsenarum Fr. Pileus clay-white, slightly fleshy,
campanulato-convex, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, the appendicu-
late veil fugacious. Stem equal, slightly firm, somewhat naked,
pallid rufescent. Gills adnexed, broad, cinereous-black.

It is exactly intermediate between A. separatus and A. papilionaceus ; it
differs from the former in having the stem ringless, equal, rufescent, in the
veil being appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, but fugacious so that
commonly it seems to be awanting, and in the pileus being more convex ;
and from the latter in the veil, the viscous pileus, and the clay-white colour.

34 AGARICUS.

On dung. Apethorpe. Sept.

Name <^dAAan/a, a moth. Moth Agaric. From its likeness to A. papilion-
aceus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Alonogr. i. p. 445. Berk. Out. p. 175. C.
Hbk. n. 440. Bull. t. 58. Paid. t. 121. f. i.

** Pileus moist, 'when dry somewhat flocculosc.

764. A. retirugis Fr. Pileus flesh-tan-colour, slightly fleshy,
globose then hemispherical, somewhat umbonate, reticulated with
raised ribs, atomate, opaque, appendiculate with the torn veil.
Stem equal, pruinose, flesh-colour becoming purple. Gills ad-
fixed, ascending, cinereous-blackish.

It has entirely the appearance of A. corrugis.

On dung. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov.

Spores elliptical, shortly fusiform, 20 mk. Q.; i6xnmk. IV.G.S. Name
fete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. With network of wrinkles. Ft'. Hym. Eitr. p.
310. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 441. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 412. A. car-
bonarius Batsch f. 91.

765. A. sphinctrinus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, fulig-
inous or fuliginous-grey when moist, livid when dry, hygrophan-
ous, slightly fleshy, parabolic then campanulate, never expanded,
obtuse, never viscous, always opaque, but moist in rainy weather,
somewhat silky when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, fragile, smooth,

fuliginous-grey, even at the apex, pruinose. Veil appendiculate
round the margin of the pileus, fugacious, white. Gills adnate,
ascending, crowded, cinereous-blackish, the edge of the same
colour.

Sometimes and when in fullest vigour, the pileus is covered with fibrils,
chiefly round the margin. There is a very small variety with the stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, and linear gills. Buxb. C. v. /. 48. /. 2.

On dung. Glamis, 1876. Oct.

Name ox/x/yKrqp, a band, a muscle which remains naturally in a state of con-
traction. From its never becoming expanded. Fr. Alonogr. i. /. 445.
Hym. Eur. p. 311. B. dr 1 Br. n. 1662. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 413. Quel. t. 8.
/. 5 (slender form). Batt. t. 27. L.

*** Pileus dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned.

766. A. campanulatus Linn. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (%~ l in -) high
and broad, fuscous-fuliginous, rufescent when dry, slightly fleshy,
campanulate at length convex, often umbonate, continuous (not
cracked), dry, even, somewhat shining. Stem commonly 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight,

COPRINARII. 341

even, smooth, rufescent, striate and at first pruinose at the apex, Panseolus.
then black-pulverulent with the shed spores. Gills adnate, as-
cending, crowded, varying grey and black.

Veil very fugacious and often awanting. The edge of the gills commonly
whitish. There is a very small variety. The stem in both forms is often
sprinkled with small watery drops in rainy weather.

On dung and rich ground. Common. June-Nov.

Spores subellipsoid, i6-i8x 10-13 m ^- K. Name campanula, a little bell.

Bell-shaped. Linn. Suec. 2. n. 1213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 446. Hym. Eur. p.

311. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 442. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 414. Bull. t.

561. f. 2. L. Buxb. C. iv. /. 13. Major Fl. Dan. t. 1959. Minor BatscJi

f. 6.

767. A. papilionaceus Fr. Pileus pallid, slightly fleshy,
hemispherical, smooth, rimoso-scaly when dry. Stem equal,
even, 'whitish, white-pulverulent at the apex. Gills broadly
adnate, very broad, at length plane, blackish.

It is certainly distinct from A. campanulatus, to which it is very much
allied, in the following ; stature in general smaller and firmer, stem even and
whitish, even and white-pulverulent at the apex ; pilcus hemispherical (not
campanulate), almost that of A. semiglobcttus, commonly rimoso-scaly when
dry, dry, pallid ; gills broadly adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad (often broader
than long), plane. In a very small form the stem is 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, but
the pileus is equally broad, in which it differs from the very small form of A.
campanulatus.

On dung, &c. Common. July-Nov.

Name papilio, a butterfly. Variegated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 311. Monogr.
\. p. 446. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 443. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 415. Bull.
t. 561.7. 2, N.M.

768. A. caliginosus Jungh. Pileus brown, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem equal, even, naked, of
tJie same colour as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, ascending,
lanceolate, fuliginous-black.

Small, slender. A very thin veil has been observed.

In rich pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct.

Name caligo, gloom, darkness. Dusky in colour. Jungh. in Linn. v.
5, /. 6./. 13. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. B. &> Br. n. 1540. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
416.

###* pn eu s dry, smooth, zo?ied round the margin.

769. A. subbalteatus B. & Br. Pileus 4-5 cent. (i)4-2 in.)
broad, dull deep fawn-colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous,
rather fleshy, convex, with the margin slightly incurved, then
expanded, obtuse or slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly
wrinkled, marked near the margin with a dark narrow zone.

34 2 AGARICUS.

1'anajolus. Veil none. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2 X in-) high, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick,
red-brown, fistulose, brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally,
marked with short white fibrils. Gills adnate, slightly ventricose,
brownish, margin white, slightly toothed.

Spores black. Caespitose. Closely allied to A. cinctulus Bolt. , but differing
in habit and in many essential characters.

In a tare-field. Apethorpe, 1860. Sept.

Fries omits A. cinctulus Bolt, as he suspects the figure is incorrect. Name
sub, and balteus, a band or border. Somewhat banded. From the zone
near the margin. D. & Br. u. 923. C. Hbk. n. 445. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312.

770. A. acuminatus Fr. Pileus flesh - tan - colour, slightly
fleshy, conical, sharp-pointed, even, smooth, shining, zoned 'with a
blackish line round the margin. Stem 2.5 c^nt. (i in.) long, thin,
equal, pruinose, thickened at the base, of two colours, pallid
above, fuscous downwards. Gills adnexed, ventricose, crowded,
blackish.

Very much allied to A. papilionaceus, &c., but easily distinguished by the
colour and shape of the pileus, &c. Pileus " tawny- violaceous ": Seer. The
margin of the pileus is at first crenulate.

On dung. Sibbertoft, 1870. Oct.

Name acuminatus, sharp-pointed. From the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p.
312. Monogr. \. p. 447. B. & Br. n. 1258. Batt. t. 22. F. Schceff. t. 202
differs in the long and dark stem, but the traces of a line are present.

771. A. fimicola Fr. Pileus fuliginous-grey when moist, be-
coming clay-hoary when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, even, smooth, opaque, marked round the margin
with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one;
flesh thin, grey-white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm.
(i lin.) thick, fistulose, soft-fragile, equal, becoming dingy pale,
obsoletely slightly silky-striate, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills
adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat ventricose, broad (almost
semi-ovate), variegated grey and fuliginous.

On dung, rich pasture, &c. Rare. Oct.

Name -fimus, dung; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Afoiiogr. i. p. 447. Hym. Eur.
p. 312. Berk. Out. p. 175. B. <r= Br. n. 1259 (a stouter form). C. Hbk. n.
446. Buxb. C. iv. /. 28. /. 4. B more slender, A. varius Bolt. t. 66. f. i.

Psathyreiia. Subgenus XXXV. PSATHYRELLA (tyaeSpts, fragile). Veil
not woven, scarcely conspicuous. Pileus membranaceous, striate,
margin not exceeding the gills. Gills equally black-fuliginous,

COPRINARII.

343

XXXVI. Agaricus (Psathyrella)
disseminatus. One-half natural

size.

not variegated, and not becoming fuscous or purple. In appear- Psathyrella.
ance wholly like Psathyra. Spores black on a white ground, but
in one or two species slightly fuscous
when deposited on a black ground.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 313.

The straight margin of the pileus
is adpressed to the stem. Thinner
than Psathyra.

* Stem tense and straight, smooth.

* Stemflexuozts, pruinate at the apex.

* Stem tense and straight, smooth.

772. A. subatratus Fr. Pileus

2.5 cent, (i in.) high, and when ex-
panded 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umber-
rufescent, pallid-rufescent when dry,
membranaceous, campanulate, ob-
tuse, smooth, even, slightly striate
round the margin. Stem 10-12.5

cent. (4-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tense
and straight, equal, even, smooth, not pruinate, becoming pale-
white. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, aclnate \vhen the
pileus is more expanded, linear, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.)
broad, crowded, fuliginous-blackish, almost umber, edge of the
same colour.

Spores shining black. Gregarious, fragile. The above is the typical form.
In an intermediate form the stem is shorter, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.); in a smaller
form the stem is only 2.5 cent, (i in.), the pileus somewhat umbonate, fuligin-
ous when moist, somewhat olivaceous, the gills ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
broad.

On rich ground. Batheaston, 1869. Sept.

Spores pruniform, 12-15 mk. Q. Name sub, and ater, dead black. Black-
ish. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 305. Hym. Eur. p. 313. B. & Br. n. 1260.

773. A. gracilis Fr. Pileus i 2.5 cent. ()4-i in.) broad, fulig-
inous, livid, c., when dry tan, rosy or whitish, hygrophanous,
membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, even, slightly and
pellucidly-striate only round the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably
tense and straight, equal, naked, smooth, whitish, not rooted,
white-Dillons at the base. Gills wholly adnate, commonly broader
behind (rarely linear), almost distant, distinct, at first whitish,
then cinereous-blackish with the black spores, edge rose-coloured.

344 AGARICUS.

Psathyrella. When dry the pileus is soft to the touch. Gregarious, fragile. Very similar
to A. corntgis, and there is a variety corrugated.

Waysides, hedgerows, &c. Common. July-Oct.

Spores ellipsoid, 13-14x7-8 mk. K. / 5Xi2mk. W.G.S. Name gracilis,
slender. Ft: Monogr. i. /. 448. Hym. Eur. p. 313. Berk. Out. p. 176. C.
Hbk. n. 447. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 417. Saund. & Sin. t. 37. f. i, 2.

774. A. hiascens Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, livid then
becoming yellow, membranaceous, conico - campanulate, obtuse,
smooth, soon split and opening in furrows (commonly to the
middle), the divided margin at length revolute. Stem 7.5 cent.
(3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight,
rigid-fragile, naked, smooth, whitish. Grills adnate, narrow,
linear or somewhat attenuated in front, distinct, distant, whitish
then shining black, at length very dead black.

Spores dead black. In the pileus opening into furrows it has quite the
habit of some of the thinner Coprini, but the gills are arid, persistent, not
becoming fluid.

In grassy places and hedges. Rare.

Name hiasco, to split, gape. Opening in furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 448.
Hym. Eur. p. 314. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 448. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
418. Bull. t. 552.7. 2. F. G.

775. A. aratus Berk. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, in.
across, bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, rather
acute, deeply sulcate ; flesh of the disc of the same colour as the
pileus. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, fistulose, thickened at the
base, smooth, white. Gills quite free, lanceolate, purplish black.

Allied to" A. hydrophorus Bull., but clearly distinct.
Under hedges. Woodnewton.

Name aro, to plough. Furrowed, sulcate. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk.
n. 449. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 314.

776. A. trepidus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad,
date brown at the disc, otherwise fuliginous, membranaceous, very
fragile, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, even at the disc, otherwise
slightly but densely striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense and straight (rarely
flexuous), quite smooth and naked, diaphanous, hyaline. Gills
adnate, crowded, ventricose, very thin, fuliginous-shining black.

Spores dead black.

On moist ground. Hothorpe.

Spores pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name trepidus, trembling. From its very
fragile nature. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 449. Hym. Eur. p. 314. Icon. /. i39-/. 2.
/>. cr 1 Br. n. 1956. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 29.7 *

COPRINARII. 345

** Stemflexuous, pruinate at the apex.

777. A. caudatus Fr. Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad
when flattened, date brown, membranaceous, very tender, conical
then campanulate, at length flattened, smooth, the somewhat gib-
bous disc even, otherwise pellucid-striate, not corrugated. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fis-
tulose, attenuated_/>w;2 the thickened and rooting base, very fragile,
curved, at length tortuous, undulated on the surface, white prui-
nate at the apex, becoming pale-white. Veil none. Gills adnate,
8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereous-black, edge of the same
colour.

In wet weather the pileus is split and somewhat deliquescent ; when dry,
however, it is firmer, tan obsoletely turning to flesh-colour. The spores are
dead black on white paper, fuscous-dead black on black paper. The habit is
almost that of A. gracilis. The largest of this group, but very fragile.

Among stumps of a wooden pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Sept.

Pileus at first sienna-brown, at length whitish, often transversely cracked.
Stem fibrillose. Gills ventricose, B. & Br. Name cauda, a tail. Fur-
nished with a tail-like root. Fr. Mo?wgr. i. p. 449. Hym. Ear. p. 314. B. &
Br. n. 1261. Paul. t. 124. f. i, 2.

778. A. pronus Fr. Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, fuligi-
nous when moist, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous,
campanulate then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pellucid-
striate, obsoletely slightly silky-atomate when dry. Stem 4 cent.
(\Y 2 in.) long, Very fistulose, filiform, flexuous, lax, equal, very
smooth, pruinose at the apex under a lens, becoming pale. Gills
adnate, plane, somewhat triangular, distant, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad,
livid-fuliginous, with black dots from the spores.

Spores very dead black.

In grassy places. Rare. Aug.-Oct.

Name pronus, prostrate. From the lax stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 450.
Hym. Eur. p. 315. Icon. t. 139. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 924. C. Hbk. n. 450.
S. My col. Scot. ti. 419.

779. A. empyreumaticus B. & Br. Pileus 4 cent. (\y z in.)
broad, rufous then becoming pale, hygrophanous, expanded,
atomate ; margin crenate. Stem 6 cent. (2^ in.) long, 3 mm.
(i}4 lin.) thick, narrowly but distinctly fistulose, silky- furfur-
aceous, pallid. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, 4
mm. (2 lin.) thick, distant, connected by veins, rufous then brown-
purple, pallid at the edge.

Resembling A. confragosus so closely that, till the spores were observed, it
was taken for that species.

346 AGARICUS.

Psathyreila. On wooden pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Oct.

Name e/m7r{7po?, scorched. Burnt-scented. B. &> Br. n. 1262. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 315.

780. A. atomatus Fr. Pileus 1-2.5 cent - (X- 1 in-) broad,
livid, when dry becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour, some-
times reddish, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, ob-
tuse, slightly striate, when dry without striae, slightly wrinkled,
sprinkled with shining atoms. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, almost
2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, not rooted, lax, slightly bent
(not tense and straight), white and white-pulverulent at the apex.
Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant, distinct, whitish,
but cinereous-blackish with the black spores.

Solitary or gregarious. Pileus changing like A. gracilis from livid to whit-
ish and rose-colour, but more fragile.

In woods, hedges, &c. Common. July-Sept.

Spores 14x9 mk. W.G.S. Name atomatus, atomate. Sprinkled with
shining atoms. Fr. Monogr. \.p. 450. Hym. Eur. p. 315. Berk. Out. p. 176.
C. Hbk. n. 451. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 420. Saund. & Sm. t. 37. f. 3-6.

781. A. crenatus Lasch. Pileus 18 mm.-2.5 cent, (%-i in.)
broad, ochrey or rufescent then pale, hygrophanous, membran-
aceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at the margin.
Stem 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, somewhat curved, fragile, smooth,
whitish, striate and mealy above. Gills adnate, somewhat ventri-
cose, light yellowish-fuscous then blackish.

Fragile.

On the ground. Penzance.

Name crenatus, scalloped. Crenate at the margin. Lasch >i. 465. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 315. B. & Br. n. 2013.

782. A. disseminatus Pers. Pileus whitish, or yellowish
then changing into cinereous, commonly livid, the disc becom-
ing yellow, membranaceous, oval then campanulate, at first
scurfy, then smooth, sulcate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little
more long, fragile, fistulose, often curved, lax, somewhat flexuous,
slightly scurfy then- smooth, white. Gills adnate ascending, broad,
but scarcely ventricose, white-cinereous then blackish.

The stem often encircled at the base with the white mycelium expanded in
a stellate manner. Densely crowded or cccspitose. Varying much in stature.
The habit is that of Coprinus, very thin and soon wasting, but not becoming
fluid.

About stumps and on the ground. Common. May-Nov.
Pileus about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. Often growing in multitudes. Spores

COPRINUS.

347

8x6 mk. W. G.S. Name dissemino, to scatter. Widely spread. Pers. Psathyrella.
Sy. p. 403. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 451. Hym. Eur. p. 316. Berk. Out. p.
176. C. Hbk. n. 452. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 421. Quel. t. 8. f. 5. A. major.
Sow. t. 166. Paul. t. 123. /. 6. B. minor, disc at length papillate. Fl.
Dan. t. 1848. Sch&ff. t. 308 (quite young). Batschf. 3. Buxb. C. ii. t. 50.
/. 5. Bait. t. 27. C.

GENUS II. Montagnites (after Montagne). Fr. Epicr. p. 240.

The universal veil forming- a volva, persistent. Stem dilated at
the apex into a plane round disc, even on both sides, to the mar-
gin of which are adfixed the gills 'which are free, not joined by any
membrane, radiating, razor-shaped, persistent, obtuse at the edge.
Trama cellulose. Spores oblong, even, black fuscous. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 319.

No British species.

GENUS III. Coprinus

, dung). Pers. Fr. Epicr. p. 241. Coprinus.

Hymenophore separate from the stem. Gills membranaceous,
at first closely pressed together and cohering, scissile, at length
melting away into a black fluid.
Trama obsolete. Spores oval, even,
black.

A very distinct and sharply de-
fined genus. Fugacious fungi, most
of them furnished with a floccose or
furfuraceous universal veil. Gills
linear or ventricose, whence the ori-
ginal form of the pileus is cylindrical
or ovate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 320.

The gills in this very natural genus
are fully developed when the fungus
first makes its appearance. The bio-
logical difference of the gills, as
compared with those of Agaricus, is
much more remarkable than the
characters which distinguish most
genera. The species are of rapid growth, often ephemeral. They

XXXVII. Coprinus comatus.
One-fourth natural size.

34$ AGARICINI.

grow on rich and highly manured places, often on dung, some-
times on decaying wood. Some are edible.

Trib. I. Pelliculosi (pellicula, a thin skin). Gills covered above with a
fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, and hence the pileus does not open into
furrows along the gills, but becomes torn and revolute.

* Comati (coma, hair : C. comatus). Furnished with a ring arising from
the volva, the cuticle torn into scales.

** Atramentarii (atramentum, ink : C. atramentaritis). Somewhat ringed
(but ?iot -with a volva}, pileus dotted or spotted with minute innate squamules.

*** Picacei (pica, a magpie, pied: C. picaceus). Universal veil fiocculose,
at first continuous, then broken up into superficial scales which form patches on
the pileus.

**** Tomentosi (tomentum, down : C. tomentosus). Pileus at first clothed
with distinct fiocci or lax villous down, which fall off and disappear. Ring
none.

***** Micacei (mico, to glitter : C. micaceus}. Pileus covered with small
micaceous scales or granules, which fall off and disappear. Ring none.

****** Glabrati (glaber, smooth). Pileus smooth, withoiit fioccose or mica-
ceous sqziamules. Veil none.

Trib. II. Veliformes (velum, a veil ; forma, form). Pileus very thin, with-
out a pellicle, at length opening into furrows along the back of the gills, and
becoming plicato-sulcate. Stem thin, fistulose. Gills melting away into very
thin lines.

* Cyclodei (KU'KAO?, a circle ; etSos, appearance). Stem annulate or vclvate.
** Lanatuli (lanatus, woolly). Pilens clothed -with superficial, separating

fioccules, gills free. Ringless.

*** Furfurelli (furfureus, branny). Pileus micaceoiis or furfuraceous,
gills commonly adnate to the apex of the stem which (in some species] is dilated
into a ring or collar. Ringless.

**** Hemerobii (-huepa, a day ; /Stos, life). Pileus always smooth. Ringless.

I. PELLICULOSI. Cuticle fleshy or membranaceous.
* Comati. With a ring arising from the volva,

1. C. comatus Fr. Pileus white, slightly fleshy, at the first
cylindrical, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, and continuous, soon expanded, the
cuticle separating into adpressed shaggy scales, the darker vertex
remaining persistently entire, at length striate (but never sulcate) ;
margin often unequal. Stem 20 cent. (8 in.) and more long, 12
mm. (y 2 in.) and more thick, hollow but with spider-web threads
within, radiato-bulbous when young, then attenuated upwards,
fibrillose, shining, dingy or lilac-white. Ring comparatively thin,
torn, moveable, at length vanishing. Gills free, separate from
the stem, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, linear, white then becoming purple,
and at length black and deliquescent.

Spores globose. Ring sometimes persistent at the base in the form of a
volva : Bolt. t. 54. In drier weather it becomes whiter as do also the gills :
Paul. t. 128.

On rich soil near roads, houses, &c. Frequent. April-Oct.

COPRINUS. 349

A very handsome plant, and easily identified by its fine cylindrical form, its Coprinus.
soft clothy scales and snowy whiteness. Generally growing in considerable
quantity. Edible ; tender and delicious. It should be gathered when the
gills are white or just becoming tinged with pink, and not used when they be-
come black. It makes excellent ketchup. Spores ellipsoid or sphasroid-
ellipsoid, 11-13x6-8 mk. K. ; 15x8 mk. IV.G.S. Name coma, hair.
Shaggy, maned. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 452. Hym. Eur. p. 320. Sverig. dtl.
Sv. t. 87. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. n. 453. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 422. A.
comatus Fl. Dan.t. 834. Harz. t. 21. Grev. t. 119. Badh. i. t. 10. /. 2,
ii. t. j.f. 1-3. Krombh. t. 30. f. 15-21. Klotsch. Bar. t. 389. A. porcellanus
Sch&ff. t. 46, 47. A. typhoides Bull. t. 582. f. 2. A. fimetarius Bolt. t. 44.
Curt. Lond. t. 93. A. cylindricus Sow. t. 189. Batt. t. 26. f. B.

2. C. ovatus Fr. Pileus white, somewhat membranaceous,
at the first ovate and densely imbricated with thick spreading con-
centric scales, covered with an even hood at the apex, then ex-
panded, striate. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, solid at the
base, rooting, otherwise hollow, with spider-\veb threads within,
attenuated upwards, flocculose, shining white. Ring not very
conspicuous and soon vanishing. Gills free, then remote, slight-
ly ventricose, at the first somewhat naked and remaining long
shining white, at length umber-blackish, never becoming purple.

Smaller, thinner, less handsome than C. comatus. For the most part
solitary.

On rich ground. Woodnewton.

Name ovum, an egg. Egg-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 453. Hym. Eur. f>.

320. B. &= Br. n. 925. C. Hbk. n. 454. Agaricus Schceff. t. 7.

3. C. stercLuilinus Fr. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, somewhat
membranaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely ex-
panded, obtuse, fragile, deeply silicate, the furrows forked, but at
the same time silky-villous and squarrose on the disc with diverg-
ing imbricated scales, at length split at the margin. Stem 12.5
cent. (5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the apex, hollow, but
solid at the base, not rooted, zoned at tJie base with an oblique

free volvaceous ring, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose, white,
not zoned internally. Gills free, slightly ventricose, 6 mm. (3
lin.) broad, purplish-umber.

Widely removed from C. comatus, &c. The pileus is not as in these covered
with a continuous hood at the apex. Stem becoming somewhat black when
touched.

On cow-dung. Rare. Aug.

Name sterquilinium, a dunghill. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 454. Hym. Eur. p.

321. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. u. 455. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 423. Quel. t.
9. /". 2. Agaricus Michel, t. 80. f. 3.

350 AGARICINI.

Coprinus. ** Atramentarii. Somewhat ringed (but not with a volva],

4. C. atramentarius Fr. Pileus lurid-fuliginous, but becom-
ing hoary with adpressed silky lustre, slightly fleshy, ovate, ob-
tuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply silicate and ribbed, soft to
the touch, repand-unequal at the margin, squamulose on the disc,
slightly adpressedly-silky at the sides. Stem at first ventricose,
fusiform, attenuated shortly downwards, for a greater distance
upwards, with angular furrows, a little longer than the pileus ;
then elongato-attenuated upwards, 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm.
(X in.) and more thick, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, even at the
apex, zoned within. Gills quite free, very ventricose, 12 mm. (%.
in.) and more broad, at first cohering, whitish and flocculose at
the edge, then becoming brown-black.

Pileus when full grown become so even as at first sight to appear smooth,
white-cinereous, with fuscous scales; it deliquesces as it expands, and does
not become revolute. Flesh scissile, fuliginous. Size various, sometimes as
large as the fist, but often less. The stem where the edge of the adpressed
pileus touches it is thicker, in the form of an angular, incompletely ringed
knot ; the knot however vanishes and the stem becomes equal, nay bulbous.
The gills when deliquescing stain abominably black. Commonly in very large
clusters ; very changeable according to age and situation. In fine weather it
becomes whiter, as do also the gills : Paul. t. 129.

On rich soil by waysides, &c. Common. May-Nov.

Very easily identified from the peculiar form of the stem. Spores ellipsoid
or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 9-10x6 mk. K. ; 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name
atramentum, ink. From its dissolving into an inky fluid. Fr. Monogr. \. p.
455. Hym. Eur. p. 322. Berk. Out. p. 177. /. 12. /. i. C. Hbk. n. 456. S.
Mycol. Scot. n. 424. Agaricus Bull. t. 164. Sow. t. 188. Fl. Dan. t. 1370.
Badh. i. t. io./ i, ii. /. g.f. i, 2. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 390. Vaill. Par. t.
12. f. io, n. Compare Schceff. t. 67, 68.

5. C. fuscescens Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely 7.5 cent. (3
in.) broad, whitish, becoming fuscous at the disc, slightly fleshy
at the middle, globose and ovate then expanded, and at length
revolute when deliquescent, not sulcate, obtuse, unpolished,
squamulose on the disc. Stems fistulose to the base, equal (not
ventricose when young), at first very short, soon elongated, 7.5
cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage only
obsoletely ringed towards the base, when full grown even and
smooth. Gills free, very broad, semi-ovate, at the first white then
umber.

Csespitose, fragile. Stem slightly silky under a lens, though even and
smooth to the naked eye. Gills at the first adhering to the stem, not at the
first so densely sprinkled-white as those of C. atramentarius ; in deliquescing
they become linear. It is smaller, thinner, at the first more equal than C.
atramentarius ; pileus at first covered, not with micaceous atoms, but with a
somewhat mealy pruina.

COPRINUS.

351

On stumps. Uncommon. Aug. Copnnus.

Spores 10x5 mk. W.G.S. Namefi/scns, dark or swarthy. Becoming
fuscous. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 456. Hym. Eur. p. 322. Berk. Out. p. 178.
C. Hbk. ?i. 457. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 425. Klotsch. t. 375. Agaricus Schceff.
t. 17.

*** Picacei. Universal veilfloccose,

6. C. picaceus Fr. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, thin,
somewhat membranaceous, ovate then campanulate?cn& expanded,
at length revolute, fuliginous-black, variegated with broad unequal
superficial separating white scales from the breaking up of the
universal woven veil. Stem about 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 6-8
mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, holloiv all the way into the rootless bulb,
fragile, attenuated upwards, ringless and rather smooth, shining
white. Gills free, ventricose, cinereous-dead black, then becom-
ing shining black and melting into fluid.

Soon deliquescing. There is a smaller variety growing on 'rotten wood ;
also a sterile form, white, the gills with unchanged colour melting into milk-
white fluid.

In grassy places, roadsides, &c. Rare. Sept.-Dec.

Smell often extremely disagreeable, M.J.B. Considered poisonous. Spores
14x9 mk. W.G.S. Name pica, a magpie. Pied, black and white. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 457. Hym. Eur. p. 323. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 458.
Agaricus Bull. t. 206. Fl. Dan. t. 1499. Sow. t. 170.

7. C. aphthosus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, livid, some-
what membranaceous, ovate then campamdate, expanded, not
striate, melting slowly. Stems 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.)
thick, fistidose, soft, somewhat fragile, equal, but commonly
twisted, fibrillose, white. Gills adnate, linear, white then
blackish.

Smaller, thinner, with fewer individuals in the cluster than in the case of
neighbouring species. Partial veil none ; universal veil continuous only in
its earliest stage, soon passing into superficial Jloccose -white but easily separat-
ing scales.

In hollow trees, cellars, c. Rare.

Name like an aphthous tongue (a$0cu, the thrush). From the appearance
of the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 458. Hym. Eur. p. 323. Berk. Out. p. 178.
C. Hbk. n. 459. A. domesticus Bolt. t. 26 var. pileus repand, becoming olive.

8. C. flocculosus Fr. Pileus dingy white, membranaceous,
ovate then expanded, striate, split, covered over with floccose
scales. Stem hollow, attenuated upwards, even, white, swollen
at the base. Gills free, violaceous then fuscous-black.

Single, of low stature ; habit of C. picaceus.

35 2 AGARICINI.

Coprinus. j n pastures and garden-ground. Rare. Aug.-Sept.

Pileus 6 cent. (2% in.) across, splitting in the direction of the gills. Stem
7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, finely silky under a lens. Generally solitary! B. & Br.
^ameJloccus, a flock of wool. Slightly floccose. Fr. Hym.. Eur. p. 323.
B. 6-= Br. n, 926. C. Hbk. n. 461. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 426. Agaricus Batt.
t. 25. A.

9. C. similis B. & Br. Pileus pallid, the centre darker, hygro-
phanous, ovato-campanulate, lineato-striate, clothed with acute
separating warts which are fuscous at the apex. Stem hollow,
white, broader at the base. Gills adnate, attenuated behind,
somewhat linear, brownish near the margin.

Resembling C. aphthosus, but differing in the striate pileus, &c.
On trunks of dead trees. Bodelwyddan. Sept.

Name similis, like. From its resemblance to C. aphthosus. B. & Br. //.
ion. C. Hbk. n. 460. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 323.

###* Tomentosi. Pileus at first clothed with distinct flood, &>c.

10. C. exstinctorius Fr. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.)
broad, pale, the darker disc somewhat livid, somewhat meni-
branaceous, clavate then canipanulate, striate at the margin-;
then rimosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute. Stem 10-12.5
cent. (4-5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated from
the rooted base, becoming smooth, white, without a partial veil.
Gills reaching the stem, narrow, lanceolate, white \hv& fttscous-
blackish.

The covering of the pileus, arising from the universal veil, \sfloccoso-scaly,
easily separating, not so dense as in C.fimetarius, &c., becoming bald from
the margin to the vertex, whereas in C. fimetarius it becomes bald from the
vertex towards the margin. For the most part solitary. Firmer than neigh-
bouring species.

On the ground. Rare. Sept

Name exstinctor, an
459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. ^
Scot. 11. 427. Agaricus Bull,

LUtJ ^, k^/ V-- I-/ t

extinguisher. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. /.
L. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 462, S. Mycol.
Bull. t. 437.7. i. Paul. t. 124.7. 7. Bolt. t. 24?

11. C. fimetarius Fr. Pileus membranaceous, thin, at first
cylindrical, soon conical, at length revolute and torn at the margin,
when young everywhere covered witJifloccoso-sqnarrose white scales
(from the universal veil) which separate from the vertex towards
the circumference, at length naked, longitudinally cracked, but
not opening into furrows, the vertex, which remains entire, livid.
Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more
thick, hollow, fragile, thickened and solid at the base, attenuated

COPRINUS. 353

upwards, shining white and villous with squamules of the same Coprinus.
colour. Gills free, reaching the stem, at first veiitricose, then
linear, flexuons, black.

Stem when young curt and firmer. Var. B. macrorhiza : pileus plumoso-
scaly ; stem shorter, somewhat marginato-bulbous, rooted, villous (and often
beaded with watery drops). Rather a singular young form than a true variety.
Mich. t. 80. /. 2. Var. C. pullata : pileus adpressedly scaly and tomentose,
soon denuded, fuscous-blackish ; stem equal, becoming smooth. An old state.
Bolt. t. 20. Sow. t. 262.

On dung. Common. April, &c.

Sometimes there is a root as long as the stem, M.J.B. Spores sphseroid-
ellipsoid, 15-18 x 9-12 mk. K. ; 15 x 9 mk. W. G.S. Namefimetum, a dung-
hill. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk.
n. 463. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 428. Hoffm. Ic. t. 9. /. 2. A. cinereus Bull. t. 88.

12. C. tomentosus Fr.- Pileus 4 cent. (\y 2 in.) high, grey
white, somewhat membranaceous, cylindrical then conical or nar-
rowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate and at length longitudin-
ally cracked, covered over with thin flocculose somewhat persistent
clown. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick,
fistulose, somewhat equal, at first equally covered over with thin
white villous down, thickened at the base when young. Gills

free, linear, fuscous-blackish, at first white-micaceous at the edge.

The stem is comparatively shortened. Very much allied to C. fimetarius,
but smaller, scarcely caespitose, and very easily distinguished at first sight by
its peculiar habit.

On dung and rich pastures. Frequent. Sept.

The coating sometimes peels off in broad patches, M.J.B. Name tomen-
titiii, flock. Downy. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 460. Hym. Eur. p. 325. Berk. Out.
p. 179. C. Hbk. ?i. 464. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 429. Agaricus Bull. t. 138.
Bolt. t. 156. Mich. t. So./. 5.

13. C. niveus Fr. Pileus 2.5-5 cent - ( I-2 m -) broad, snow-
white, somewhat membranaceous, at first ovate, soon cainpa7iulato-
expanded, not split before it becomes revolute and torn, inealy-

Jloccose, often squamulose. Stem at first short, then elongated to
2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, very
fragile, attenuated upxvards, covered over with snow-white down.
Gills reaching the stem, adnexed, narrow, at first cohering, at
length, when the pileus is split, here and there distant, blackish.

It varies extremely in size, but in general is smaller than C. fimetarius, and
often so delicate that it may easily be confounded with the floccose species of
section Veliformes. It is distinguished from C. tomentosus, &c., chiefly by the
snow-white down being somewhat persistent, and by the gills not being free.

On horse and deer dung. Common. June-Nov.

VOL. I. z

354

AGARICINI.

Coprinus. It is often considerably smaller than indicated by Fries. Spores 10x12

mk. ll'.G.S. Name nix, snow. Snow-white. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 460. Hyin.
Eur. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 465. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 430.
Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 1671. Paul. t. 125. f. 2. B. minor. Sow. t. 262.

Micacei. Pileus with micaceous squaniules, &C.

14. C. micaceus Fr. A. major. Pileus at first yellow-ferrug-
inous, the even disc darker, at length date - brown - fuscous,

somewhat membranaceous, undu-
lato-lobed, rimosely split, striate,
but not opening into furrows, at
first covered with micaceous scales,
smooth when these separate. Stems
7.5 cent. (3 in.) to as much as 20
cent. (8 in.) long, hollow and soft,
even, at first obsoletely white-silky
then fibroso-fibrillose, whitish. Gills
adnexed, lanceolate, linear in deli-
quescing, isabelline, becoming brown
at the edge.

XXXVIII. Coprinns micaceus.
One-third natural size.

B. minor. Pileus yellowish - livid when
moist, ferruginous-ochraceous when dry,
date -brown at the disc, somewhat mem-
branaceous, but scissile, oval then campan-
\i\a.te, forked-sulcate, the furrows micaceous,
soon split at the margin, but even at the

disc. Stem equal, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, even, sometimes curved, becoming
smooth, white. Gills white then livid, at first at the edge then wholly fuscous-
blackish.

Very changeable, for the most part caespitose. The stems are often angular,
from mutual pressure, and sometimes when young have the thickened knot at
the middle, as in C. atrame/itarius. In abnormal forms the pileus is unequal,
ribbed-sulcate, transversely rimoso-squarrose.

On stumps, the ground, c. Common. April-Nov.

Spores 7x8 mk. [V. G.S. ; 10 x 5 mk. IV. P. Name mica, grain, granule.
From the shining particles. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 461. Hym. Eur. p. 325.
Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 466. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 431. Agaricus
Bull. t. 246. Fl. Dan. t. 1143. Klotsch. Fl.' Bor. t. 376. Fl. Bat, t. 820.
f. 3. Corda Sturm, xi. t. 49. In rainy weather somewhat deliquescent, pile-
us soon naked, at length clate-brown-fuscous. Bull t. 365. Schceff. t. 66. f.
4-6. In dry weather withering, pileus becoming pale, micaceous-squamulose,
persistent. Bull. t. 246. Corda Sturm, xi. 19. t. 2. Var. Icetior. A. con-
gregatus Sow. t. 261. Grev. t. 76. Paul. t. 26. f. 3.

15. C. aratus B. & Br. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, umber,
campanulate, deeply sulcate up to the darker disc, which is some-
times wrinkled, sometimes even, sprinkled with large micaceous
particles, revolute in decay. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 5 mm.

COPRIXUS. 355

(2j4. lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, slightly bulbous at Coprinus.
the base, straight, smooth, or rather minutely silky, snow-white,
umber within. Gills separating, narrow, attenuated at either end,
deep rich brown then black.

Solitary, tall. A magnificent species, allied to C. micjcci/s. Grooved like
A^.iricus hiascens. The gills are at first attached, but so slightly that they
easily part from the stem, so as to appear free ; but they are still connected at
the base, as if there were a slight collar.

In a hollow tree. King's Cliffe, 1860, &c. May.

Xame aro, to plough. Sulcate. B. u Br. n. 927. I956". C. Hbk. n.
467. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 326.

16. C. radians Fr. Pileus yellow-tawny, becoming pale,
membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, micaceous, granuloso-
scaly at the disc, striate at the margin. Stem fistulose, equal,
naked, fibrilloso-rooting at tJie base. Gills reaching the stem,
somewhat linear, white then violaceous-black.

Small, somewhat crespitose. Lycoperdon radiatum Sow. t. 145 represents
its early stage.

On plaster walls. Uncommon. July.

Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Stem 4-5 cent. (i%-2 in.) long. Spores
7x8 mk. ll'.G.S. Xame radians, radiating. From the habit of the base.
Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 326. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 468. S. Mycol.
Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, /. 35. //. 2161. Agaricus Desmaz in Ann. Sc.
Nat. 13. /. 10. f. i.

17. C. papillatus Fr. Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, fus-
cous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, at
length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy and beset with
minute warts whicJi are more crowded on the disc. Stem 2.5
cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth
except at the base, hyaline-pellucid^ commonly pruinose at the
apex with the spores. Gills few, free, but reaching the stem,
blackish.

The smallest of the group, growing in troops, and less fugacious than the
others. It approaches very near to the Veliformes, but is allied to C. mi-
cacens, &c. , in the covering of the pileus. Var. oxygena : pileus whitish, in-
clining to grey and as well as the stem sparingly flocculose.

On dung and on the ground. Shrewsbury.

Name papilla, a teat. From the minute points on the pileus. Fr. Mon-
ogr. i. /. 462. Hym. Eur. p. 326. B. fr Br. n. 1958. Agaricus Batsch
f. 78.

****** Glabrati. Pileus smooth, &>c.

18. C. alternatus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (i l / 2 in.) broad, chalky-
pallid, pale timber at the disc, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical,

356 AGARICINI.

Coprinus. even, very smooth, discoid. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long,
hollow, attenuated from the thickened base where it is 8 mm.
(4 lin.) thick, smooth, becoming pale. Gills adnate, linear, cine-
reous then black.

Somewhat caespitose.
On the ground. East Dereham.

Striped with alternate striae broad and narrow, M.J.B. Name alter-
natiis, alternate. From the striae. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 327. B. & Br. n .
1957. Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 1961. f. i.

19. C. delicniescens Fr. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad,
livid-fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato - campanulate then ex-
panded, smooth, but papillate with minute points on the disc,
never floccose or split, but revolute and stiiate, the striae broad,
but not deep. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick,
hollow, corticate, equally attenuated upwards, smooth, shining
white. Gills free, at le?igth remote from the stem, very crowded,
flexuous, very narrow, only i m. (*/, lin.) broad, lurid-blackish.

Slightly firm.

On stumps and among fallen leaves. Frequent. Aug.

Sometimes confounded with C. atramentariiis, M.J.B. Name deliquesce,
to dissolve. Deliquescing. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 463. Hym. Eur. p. 327.
Berk. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. n. 469. S. My col. Scot. n. 432. Agaricus Bull,
t. 558. / i. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 376.

II. VELIFORMES. Pileus very thin, without a pellicle, &c.
* Cyclodei. Stem annulate or vol'vate.

20. C. Hendersonii Berk. Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad,
apex brownish shaded into cinereous towards the margin, at first
cylindrical then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, smooth, striate
half-way up. Stem 4 cent. (\% in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick,
filiform, hollow, attenuated upwards, at length smooth, with a
small erect entire ring. Gills free, rather distant, narrow, black.

Pileus minutely granulated under a lens, margin folded. Gills powdered
with the black spores, the extreme margin white. Looks like a small annulate
A. disseminatus. Extremely tender.

On hotbeds and horse-dung. Rare. Feb. -Sept.

Spores spherical, apiculate, 8-9 mk. Q. Name after J. Henderson. Berk.
Out. p. 180. /. 24. f. 8. C. Hbk. n. 470. i'. Mycol. Scot. n. 433. Fr. Hym.
Eur. p. 329. Agaricus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 122. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 26.
/.i. '

357

COPRINUS.

Lanatuli. P ileus with superficial separating floccules, &^c. Coprinus

21. C. lagopus Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish, disc
livid, very tender, cylindrical then campanulate, when young beau-
tifully floccose then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate.
Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very
weak, very fragile, slightly attenuated at both ends, everywhere
wJiite-woolly. Gills at IcngtJi remote, linear, black.

A) nemonim (described above), in moist shady places in woods. B) viarum,
in open places among rubbish, approaching C. nivciis, differing in the stem
being 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equally attenuated from the base, in the pileus
when expanded being 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at first everywhere white-
floccose, opening into furrows, occasionally squamulose, livid. Gills free but
scarcely remote. Both forms inodorous.

On rich soil and dung. Rare. Aug.

Gills very close, mostly in one series, with a marginal one occasionally in-
serted forming a second series, sometimes in three series, the intermediate
ones very irregular in length, \V.G.S. Name Aayoi?, a hare; TTOV?, afoot.
Hare's-foot. From the woolly stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 465. Hym. Eur. p.
329. Berk. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. n. 472. .V. Mycol. Scot. n. 434. Sa.it nd.
& Sm. t. 19.

22. C. narcoticus Fr. Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad,
white, conico-cylindrical, villous witJi recurved floccose scales, then
flattened, denuded, striate, hyaline. Stem almost 5 cent. (2 in.)
long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, at first villous, at length
becoming smooth. Gills free, reaching the stem, white then
blackish.

Very tender. Of all the Hymenomycetes it has the strongest smell, narcotic-
alkaline.

On manure-heaps. Shrewsbury. Oct.

Smell like that of Hygrophorus foetens, Phil. Spores 11x5 mk. W.P.
Name from its odour. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Gre-
villea, vol. viii. /. 97. Agaricus Batschf. 77. Pers. J/ir. Eur. 3. t. 26. f. 5.

23. C. macrocephalus Berk. Pileus rather more than 12 mm.
( l / 2 in.) broad, apex brown shaded off into slate-colour on the
margin, at first cylindrical, then cylindrico-campanulate, sprinkled
with pointed scales. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2
lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, dirty white, clothed with
short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes deflexed, loose
fibres, strigose at the base. Gills linear, perfectly free, at length
black.

Scales adpressed or patent. Spores elliptic.
On putrid dung. Rare. March, Sept.

AGARICINI.

Coprinu-. Xame M a *p?, long ; Ke<f>a\^, head. Long-headed. Berk. Out. p. 180. C.

Hbk. n. 471. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 435. Fr, Hym. Eitr. p. 329. Agaricus
Berk. ling. /'/. v. p. 122.

24. C. nycthemerus Fr. Pileus 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, grey,
disc fuscous, at first cylindrico-conical, soon opening into furrows
and flattened, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more high, ivhcn young furfur-
acco-flocculose, at length naked and forkecl-striate. Stem 4 cent.
(i% in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flaccid, equal,
smooth, becoming pale-white. Gills free, at first crowded, at length
remote, distant, narrow, linear, blackish.

Very tender. Very much allied to C. ephemeras.
On dung. Rare.

Name wx^M-epov, a day and a night. From its duration. Fr. Monogr. i.
p. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 473. Bull. t.
542. f. D. (under A. ephemeras).

25. C. radiatus Fr. Pileus 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, dingy
yellowish^ the darker disc rufescent, very thin, clavate then cam-
panulate, soon opening into furrows, flattened, radiato-plicate,
at first covered with cinereous down, soon naked. Stem scarcely
reaching 2.5 cent, (i in. \filiform, hyaline, becoming smooth, when
young often pruinate. Gills free, few, very distant when the
pileus is split, pallid-blackish.

The most tender of all, fugacious, withering up with a breath ; growing in
troops.

On horse-dung. Common. May-Nov.

Often overlooked because withered up after sunrise. Spores ellipsoid-
sphaeroid, 8-10x6-8 mk. K. ; 6-8 mk. If". G.S. Name radio, to shed
beams. From the radiating folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 466. Hym.
Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. u. 474. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 436.
Agaricus Bolt. t. 39. /. C. Bull. t. 542. L. and E H.

26. C. Spraguei Berk. Pileus campanulate then conical,
tomentose, plicate. Stem fistulose, pale cinnamon. Gills few,
narrow.

Very delicate. The difference between it and C. plicatilis as regards the
spores is very striking.

In gardens. King's Cliffe. July.

Spores narrow, subcymbiform, ?sun in. long, M.J.B. Name after Charles
J. Sprague. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 478. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 330.

*** Furfurelli. Pileus micaceous o rfurfu raceous, &>c.

27. C. domesticus Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuliginous,
disc date-brown, thin, ovate then

COPRINUS. 359

ulose, then opening into furrows and flattened, undulato-sulcate> Coprinus.
disc obtuse, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3
lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly
silky, becoming even, white. Gills adne.red, at first crowded, dis-
tant when the pileus is split, linear, white then reddish, at length
fuscous-blackish.

A larger and more remarkable species than all the neighbouring ones.

On damp carpets, in cellars, c. Frequent.

Name dotnus, a house. Found in houses. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 466. Hym.
Enr. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 475.

28. C. ephemerus Fr. Pileus ovali-clavate, then soon campan-
ulate, and on opening into furrows flattened, wholly in the form
of a veil and radiato-sulcate, at the first slightly scurfy, then
naked ; the elevated even disc ntfescent. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.)
long, fistulose, equal, smooth, pellucid, whitish. Gills reaching
the stem, remote without a collar, linear, at first whitish, then
becoming fuscous, at length black.

Very tender, fugacious. When examined under a lens the pileus is delicately
scurfy.

On dung. Common. May-Oct.

Pileus 6-18 mm. (%-% in.) broad. Name e^rj/uepo?, lasting for a day. Fr.
Monogr. i. p. 467. Hym. Enr. p. 331. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 476.
S. Mycol. Scot. n. 437. Agaricus Fl. Dan. t. 832. f. 2. Bull. t. 128.

29. C. sociatus Fr. Pileus 4 cent. (i)4 in.) broad, fuscous then
becoming pale, disc date-brown, ovali-cylindrical then expanded,
densely split into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy, the even
disc 2imbilicate in the centre. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more
long, fistulose, delicately attenuated from the base to the apex,
smooth, white, not pellucid. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring,
not remote, little ventricose, attenuated behind, cinereous-black.

Pileus very tender. Gills slowly deliquescing. There is a variety in which
the gills reach the stem without a manifest collar.

On damp soil. Cabalva, 1879. Oct.

Name socio, to associate. Growing in groups. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 468.
Hym. Eitr. p. 331. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76.

30. C. plicatilis Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous
then bluish-grey-cinereous, disc darker, fuscous or rufescent, ovali-
cylindrical then campanulate, soon expanded, opening into fur-
rows, sulcato-plicate, for the most part smooth, disc broad, even, at
length depressed. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, fistulose, thin,

360 AGARICINI.

Coprinus. equal, even, smooth, pallid, somewhat pellucid. Gills remote from
the stem and adnate to a collar which is formed from the dilated
apex of the stem, distant, grey-blackish.

Very tender and fragile, but when scorched by the sun not melting into
fluid. Very variable in stature and size.

Pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. April-Oct.

Spores broadly elliptic, ^Vsr in. long, M.J.B. Name plico, to fold. From
the folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 468. Hym. Eur. p. 331. Berk.
Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 477. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 438. Agaricus Curt. Land.
t. 200. Sow. t. 364. Fl. Dan. t. 1134. A. striatus Bull. t. 552 partly.

31. C. cothurnatus Godey. Pileus dirty-white, reddish-white,
or flesh-colour, disc of the same colour, very thin, conico-campan-
ulate, slightly expanded, densely furfuraceous, at length repand,
umbonate and irregularly fissured. Stem 3-4 cent, (i^-i^ in.)
long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slender, attenuated up-
wards, squamulose, white, sheathed at the base with white
fibrillose squamules. Gills free, somewhat lanceolate, numerous,
white then flesh-colour.

The pileus does not split along the back of the gills owing to the thick
furfuraceous coat.

On cow r -dung. Penzance.

Name cothurrn/s, a buskin. From the covering of the lower half of the
stem. Godey in Gillet Champ, de France, p. 605. B. & Br. n. 2015.

32. C. filiformis B. & Br. Pileus not 2 mm. (i lin.) high, grey,
shining with white mealy particles, cylindrical, striate. Stem 12
mm. (Yz in.) long, extremely fine, white, sprinkled with a few short
delicate hairs.

This minute species is not larger than Mucor caninus.

On the ground in wood. Colleyweston, 1860. Sept.

Name -filum, a thread ; forma, form. From the hair-like stem. B. & Br.
n. 928. t. 15. /. 8. C. Hbk. n. 480. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 332.

Hemerobii. Pileus always smooth, chv.

33. C. hemerobius Fr. Pileus ovate then campamilate, not
flattened and not opening into furrows, although split-sulcate, at
the very first smooth; vertex even, date-brown, not depressed.
Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, very fragile, attenuated
upwards, smooth, pallid. Gills linear, 2-3 mm. (i-i> ^ n -) broad,
adnate with an obsolete collar, pallid then blackish.

Its habit is that of C. plicatilis, but taller. Very tender.

BOLBITIUS.

361

In damp shady grassy places. Rare. Sept. Coprinus.

Name li^epa, a day ; |3io?, life. Living for a day. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 468.
Hym. Eur. p. 332. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. >/. 479. S. Mycol. Scot. n.
439. Fl. Dan. t. 1960. f. 2. A. campanulatus Bolt. t. 31.

GENUS IV. Bolbitius

cows' dung). Fr. Epicr. p. 253. Boibitius.

Hymenophore somewhat separate. Universal veil none, partial

one in most rudimentary. Gills membranaceous, soft, becoming

moist (but not melting away), at

length pulverulent with the separ-

ating spores. Spores ovate, even,

somewhat ferruginous. Mucid, moist

fungi, soonfading (and not reviving],

yellowish.

A small and very natural group,
resembling the Coprini in the mode
of growth, the Cortinarii in their
fructification, and constituting there-
fore a genus intermediate between
these. To this genus is now referred
A. hydrophilus, a species of doubtful
affinity, and A. conoccpJialus. Fr.
Hym. Eur. p. 333.

Intermediate on the one hand be-
tween Agaric us and Coprinus, and
on the other between Coprinus and Cortinarius.

The species grow on dung, or manured ground near roads and
towns. Their bright colour is attractive.

1. B. hydrophilus Fr. Pileus about 4 cent, (i^ in.) broad,
date-brown when moist, tawny when dry, fleshy-membranaceous,
bullate then convex and expanded ; when fresh moist, even, when
dry wrinkled (the prominent disc however even), the bent-in mar-
gin undulated ; flesh, very thin, easily scissile, white when dry.
Stems 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, some-
what curved and often compressed, under a lens reticulated with
fibrils, at first white then becoming ferruginous, obsoletely slightly
mealy at the apex: Veil marginal, fringing, white, very fugaci-
ous, often none. Gills adnate, vcntricose, so that occasionally
they appear almost free, crowded, watery, shedding drops, date-
br own-fuscous.

XXXIX. Bolbitius fragilis.
One-half natural size.

AGARICINI.

Bolbitius. The pilei are commonly very irregularly shaped from mutual pressure.

Very ccespitose, very fragile. Spores ferruginous.

In woods and on sawdust. Frequent. July-Oct.

iS T ame vfiwp, water ; <<.'Aos, loving. Moisture-loving, watery. Fr. Hviu.
Enr. p. 333. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 440. Agaricus hydrophilus Bull. t. 511.
Fr. Memoir, i. p. 427. B. e Dr. a. 1126. C. Hbk. n. 413. Saund. e
'. /. 24. A. stipatus Berk. Bug. Fl. \. p. 113, partly.

2. B. Boltonii Fr. Pileus yellow becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, at first conical, viscous, at first even, then with the mem-
branaceous margin sulcate, the darker disc somewhat depressed.
Stem attenuated, becoming yellow, at the first flocculose with the
fugacious cortina. Gills somewhat adnate, light yellow then be-
coming livid-fuscous.

Spores brown-fuscous. Pileus at length withering and becoming like paper.
Distinct from B. fragilis in the cortina being manifest when young, in the
darker disc of the pileus being depressed, and in fat gills being somewhat ad-
nate and light-yellow-livid then becoming fuscous.

On clung. Uncommon. May-Sept.

Spores subsphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14x8 mk. K; 7x5 mk. \V.P. Name-
after Bolton. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 333. Monogr. i. p. 471. Berk. Out. p. 182.
C. Hbk. n. 481. S. Mycol. Scof. . 441. Agaricus Bolt. t. 149.

3. B. fragilis Fr. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, light yellow,
then becoming pale, somewhat membranaceous, almost pellucid,
conical then expanded, somewhat umbonate, smooth, viscous,
striate round the margin (which is often crenulated). Stem 7.5
cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or little more thick, fistulose,
attenuated upwards, naked, smooth (and without a manifest veil),
yellow. Gills attenuato-adnexed, almost free, ventricose, yellow
then pale cinnamon.

Spores ferruginous. Thinner than B. Boltonii, &c., very fragile, rapidly
withering.

On dung. Common. June-Sept.

Spores subsphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14-15 x 8-9 mk. K. Name fragilis, fragile.
Fr. Monogr. i. p. 471. Hym. Enr. p. 334. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n.
482. 5. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 442. Hoffm. Ic. t. 21. f. 2. A. equestris Bolt. t. 65.
Sow. t. 96.

4. B. titubans Fr. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, mem-
branaceous, ovato-campanulate when young, even, then flattened
and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, the evened disc light yellow,
the paler margin plicate or rufescent-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent.
(2-3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose,
equal, even, shining, yellowish. Veil none. Gills adnexed, dis-

BOLBITIUS. 363

tant when the pileus is split, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, alternate, at first Boibitius.
purplish, then fuscous-flesh-colour.

Very tender and fragile, smooth, tremulous-wavering, soon wasting away.
Among grass in rich manured soil, c. Common. May-Oct.

Pileus yellow, but soon presenting the salmon-tint of the gills, M.J.B.
Spores 8 x 4 mk. If". G.S. Name titubans, shaking. Wavering-tremulous.
Fr. Monogr. \. p. 471. Hym. Eur. p. 334. Berk. Oiit. p. 182. C. Hbk. n.
483. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 443. Agaricus Bull. t. 425. SOT.U. t. 128.

5. B. apicalis Smith. Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) high, brown, disc
ochraceous, membranaceous, striate from the first then plicate,
liable to split, disc somewhat fleshy, obscurely umbonate. Stem
about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hollow, striate, white, minutely pruin-
ose under a lens. Gills somewhat broad, ventricose, free, at first
pressed to the stem, brown.

The difference in colour between the two parts of the pileus is denned by a
distinct line.

In pastures. Staplehurst. Early summer.

Spores 9x6 mk. II'. G.S. Name fro~i the singularly denned apex. Smith
in C. Hbk. n. 484. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 334.

6. B. tener Berk. Pileus white, moist, conical, elongated.
Stem white, bulbous at the base. Gills attenuated behind, near-
ly free, salmon-coloured.

Very delicate. At first looking like a dry specimen of A. tener.
On lawn and rich ground. Uncommon. Sept.

Stem as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) long, not distinctly bulbous. Pileus, in
specimens I have seen, flesh-colour then whitish, Fr. Spores 12 x 5 mk. \V.P.
Name tener, tender. Berk. Out. p. 183. /. 12. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 485. .
Mycol. Scot. n. 444. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 335. Icon. t. 130. f. 4. Bolb.
albipes Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 306.

7. B. rivulosus B. & Br. Pileus about 4 cent. (\ l / 2 in.) broad,
tan-colour, campanulate, rivulose. Stem attenuated upwards.
Gills narrow, cinnamon.

Very different from any other known species.
On earth in an orchard house. Chiswick, 1876. July.

Name rivula, a small stream. From the rivulose pileus. B. er Br.
n. 1773-

INDEX.

AGARICUS Linn.
abiegnus B. & Br.
abhorrens B. &
abstrusus Fr. .
acerbus Bull.
acerinus Fr.
acerosus Fr.
acervatus Fr. .
acicula Schrr/.
acicularis Hofl
acuminatus Fr.
acutesquanios
adiposus Fr.
inlnatus Schum.
adnatus Smith
Adonis Bull,
adpressus Brig,
tegerita Fr.
tCTuginosus Curt.
tethiops Fr.
jetites Fr.
affinis Pers.
affricates Fr.
aggregatus
agrarius Fr.
albellus Fr.
aUieUus Sclitt
albellus Sow.
albobrunueui
albocrenatus .

albus Bull,
albus Scha-ff.
aleuriatus Fr.
algidus Ft
alkalinus Fr. .
alneus Scliself.
aluicola F
alutaceus Batsch
alveolus Lasch
amarella Pers.
amarus Bull,
amarus Fr.
ambustus Fr. .
ameides B. a.- /;/-.

PAGE

.

2

Br. .

. 158

& Br.

. 159

t

. 279

.

. 60

.

. 173

m

. 177

m

. 110

. 141

ffm. !

. 150

V.

. 342

3us ll\'tirni.

. 16

t m

. 232

m.

. 10

h

. 12

t f

. 126

I-

. 287

. 228

urt. .

. 309

. 208

B

. 137

252

. 155

Jiwff. '. '. '.

. 79

....

. 326

56

ff.

. 203

. 57

Pers.

. 40

'ungh.

. 251

Desm.

. 310

saund. & Sm.

. 313

.

. 227

B f

. 59

, r

. 290

. 180

. 134

. 179

t

. 270

sell .

. 203

h

. 300

.

. 73

.

. 270

. 72

f f

. 117

Br. .

. 195

Bolt. .

. 96

; Scori.

. 57

AGARICUS Linn. continued. PAGE

amianthinus Scop 24

amictus Fr 138

amnioniacus Fr 135

ammopliilus Dur. & Mont. . . 327

anguineus Fr. .... 277

angustissimus LascJi, . . . ;>.'!

annularms Bull 32

antipus Lasch . . . 292

apicreus Fr 272

appendiculatus Bull. . . 323

applanatus Pers. .... 301

applicatus Batsch . . . 181

aquosus Bull. . . . 112

aratus Berk 344

arcuatus Bull. .... 59

ardosiacus Bull. . . . 195

areolatus Kl 325

aryillaceus Pers 252

argyraceus Bull 47

argiirutp'-rijius Bull. ... 48

arid-us Pers 287

Arrhenii Fr 225

arundinaceus Bull. . . . 107

ar rails Seer 283

arralis Letell. .... 284

arvensis Schccff. . . . 305

asper Fr. 9

asprellus Fr. ... . 211

asterosporus Quel 248

astragalinus Fr. . . 269

atoraatus Fr 346

atratus Fr 116

atricapUlus Batsch . . . 188
atrides Lasch . . . . .219

atro-albus Bolt 132

atro-ceruleus Fr 179

atro-cinereus Pers. ... 49
atro-cyaneus Batsch . . .133

atro-punctus Pers 219

atro-riifus Bolt 293

atro-rufus Sclwff. . . . .328

atro-squamosus Chev. ... 47

aulacinus Fr 336

aurantio-marginatus Fr. . .123

aureus Mattusch. .... 222

aureiis Schseff. .... 35

aureus Sow 232

aurieomus Batsch . 249

INDEX.

AOARICUS Linn. continued.
aurivellus Batsch ..
aurirellus Fl. Bor
austriacus Tratt
autochthonus B. & Br. .
Babingtonii Blox
Badhami B. & Br
badipes Fr
badipus Pers
ixnlius Schteff. ..
balaninus Berk
Batschianus Fr. . *.
Belluf Jolmst. . .
bellus Pers

bifrons Berk. . . .
biornatus B. & Br. .
blandus Berk. . .
Bloxami Berk. . .
bombycinus Sehoeff. .
Bongardii U'c'mm
brevipes Bull. ..
Broadwoodise B. & Br. .
brumal is Fr. ...
brunneo-villosus Jwngh. .
buccinalis Sow
Bucknalli B. < Br. .
bufonins Pers. . .
i.iilhhr, ,,us B. & Br. .
bulbiger .4. & S. .
bulbosns Bull. ..
In/llH-Hjus Pall
bullaceus Bull
bullula Brig
butyraceus Bull
byssisedus Pers, .
cjelatus Fr

caasariatus Fr. ..
cn-spitosus Bult
i.-alamistratus Fr. . .
caliginosus Jungh. .
calolepis Fr
caiupanella Batsch . .

'

campanulatus Bvdi.

campanulatus Linn.
campanulatus Schicff.
campestris Linn. .
camptopbyllus J' //,-.
canaliculatus Schum.
cancrinus Fr. .
candicans Pers
nimlicans Scha j ff. .
Caudolleanus Fr
caperatus Pers
capillaris Fl. Dan
capillaris Schum
capistratus Cke
capniocephalus Bull.
capnoides Fr. .
caput-Medusae Fr
carbonaritis Batsch
carbonarius Fr
carcharias Pers. .
carneo-albus With.
carneo-griseus B. & Br.
carneolus Fr
carneus Bull
<-rnous Sow. .
carpophilus Fr

PAGE
. 229

229

102

.299

213

17

282

283

. 11

121

. 194

. 163

95

.334

.18

.66

. 194

. 183

244

. 65

. 24

.91

. 245

165

. 25

.53

.201

.28

. 5

ICO

327

1<'.4

101

. 221

55

. 250

K>6

. 2:19

. 341

302

.160

. 361

. 292
. :-!40
. 294
. 306
. 161
. 70
. 204
77

. 226

322

223

139

150

228

. 262

. 317

314

. 340

268

.22

. 205

218

55

55

100

289

AGARICUS Linn. continued.

PAGE

rarptus Scop
cartilagineus Bull. .
cascus Fr

'. 48
. 321

catinus Fr

87

caudatus Fr

. 345

rimUcii'filis Bull. .

. 103

Cecilia' B. & Br. .

. 12

centunculus Fr.

. i'7S

cepajstipes Sow.
cerinus Pers

. 22
. 54

cernuus Fl. Dan. .

. 330

r erodes Fr

. 280

cerussatus Fr.

. 75

eervinus Scha-/.

. 187

chalyboeus Pers.
chelidonius Fr.

. 209
. 143

chimonophilus B. <C Br.
chioneus Pers.

. 303

. 1S2

c-hloropolius Fr.

i-lilnrntirtlx Jungh. .

chontlroderruus B. & Br.

. 211
. 131
. 326

rli rifsrileucus Pers. .

. 158

chrysophseus Schrrff.
chrysophyllus Fr. .
c-idaris Fr

. 190
. 153
. 276

ciliuris Bolt

. 338

cincinnatus Fr.

. 241

cinctulus Bolt.

. 342

cinerascens Bull. .

. 62

cinerea Krombh.

9

cinereo-rimosus Batsch .

. 50

cini.'reus Bull

. 353

cinnabarinus A. & S.

. 23

circinatus Fr.

. 171

<-i i /-hiatus Schum. .

8

cirrhatus Schum. .

. 105

citriiia Pers

4

citrinellus Pers.

. 146

i-itrino-albusVitt. .

5.

civilis Fr

. 61

Clarkii B. & Br. .

. 251

claviceps Fr
clavicularis Fr.

. 257
. 145

clavipes Pers
claims Batsch ....
davits Bolt

. 70

. 257
. 141

clarusBrig
clavus Linn

. 110
. 113

clivensis B. & Br. .

. 331

clivulorum Letell. .
clusilis Fr. ....

. 325
. 119

clypeatus L inn.
clypeolarius Bull. .
coccineus Sow.

. 198
. 19

. 124

ccelestinus Fr.

. 217

cohaerens Fr

. 128

collariatus Fr.

. 140

collinus Larbr.

. 125

collinus Scop
colossus Fr

. 106
. 38

columbetta Fr.

. 44

columbinus Bull.

. 209

columbiniis Sow.

. 209

comatus Fl. Dan. .

. 349

comosus Fr

. 228

compact-its Sow.
comptulus B. & Br.
comptus Fr

. 40

. 329
. 329

366

INDEX.

AGARICUS Linn. continued.
comtulus Fr

concavus
confertus Bolt.
confluens Pers
confragosus Fr. . .
congregatus Sow. . .
conigenus Pers. ..
conissans Fr. . . .
conopileus Fr
conspersus Pers. ..
const/rictus Fr. ..
Cookei Fr. ...
eoprophilus Bull
coracinus Fr. ...
corrugis Pers ..

corticalis Bull. .
corticatus Fr. ..
i-'n-ticatus Saund. & Sm.
corticola ScJium
costatus Fr. . .

nraspedius Fr
erassifolius Berk
i-rtitsipes Schit'ff. ..
crenatus Lfi^.-li ..
cretaceus Bull. . .
cretaceus Fr
cretatus? B. & Br
cristatus A. & S
cristatus Harz
crobulus Fr
crocatus Schrad
croceus Bolt
cruentus Fr
crustiliniformis Bull.
cryptarum Letcll
cucumis Pers. ..
cuneifolius Fr
cupularis Bull. .
Curreyi Be,rk. . .
curvipes Fr. . .
cyanophfeus Fr
cyathifonnis Fr
cylindricus Sow

cyphellaeforiuis Berk.
dealbatus Sow
debilis Fr
decastes Fr
decipiens Smith .
deglubens Fr. .
delicatus Fr. . .
demissus Fr
denigratus Fr. .
dentieulatus Bolt. .
depluens Batsch .
descissus Fr
destrictus Fr
diatretus Fr. . .
difformis Schum
dimiiliatits Bull
dimidiatus Sch;Ht'.
directus B. <C Br
discopus Lev
dispersus B. & Br.
dispersus Fr
dispersus Pers
disseminatus Pers.
dissiliens Fr. .

PAGE

AGARICUS Linn. continued.

PAGE

. 308

dissiiuulans B. <t Br.

. 234

. 90

distans Pers

. 312

. 293

distortus Fr. . . .

. 100

. 104

ditopus Fr

92

. 234

damesticus Bolt.

. 351

. 354

dryinus Pers

. 166

. 105

dryophilus Bull.

. Ill

. 271

dulcamaras A. <[ S.

. 240

. :;32

dulcamartis Pers. .

. 251

. 288

duracinus Cke.

. 63

. 31

durus Bolt

. 225

. 234

echinatus Roth.

. 308

. 327

echinatus Sow.

. 179

. 115

ectypus Fr

. it 4

. 333

edulis Kronibh.

. 306

. 149

egenulus B. ^ Br. .

. 323

. 166

elasodes Fr

. 318

. 173

elatus Batsch ....

. 260

. 149

elections Buck'.

148

. 199

elegans Pers

. 123

. 169

elixus.S'o?"

. 80

. 50

Elvensis B. <C Lr. .

. 304

. 100

euibolus Fr

. 299

. 346

empyreumaticus B. Br.

. 345

. 22

epibryns Fr

. 303

. 306

epigreus Pers

. 221

. 205

epipterygius Scop. .

. 144

. 20

epixantlms Fr.

. 318

23

epixylon Bull.

. 181

. 299

equestris Bolt.

. 362

. 143

equestris Liiiii

35

. 24

erebius Fr

. 224

. 142

ericseus Pers

. 325

. 260

ericetorum Bull.

. 88

. 81

ericetorum Pers.

. 157

. 277

erinaceus Fr

. 287

. 50

erminens Fr

. 20

. 297

escharoides Fr.

. 288

. 247

esculeutus Wulf. .

. 109

. 233

euchrous Pers.

. 209

. 72

euosmus Berk.

. 172

88

eutheles B. <' Br. .

248

. 349

excelsus Fr

6

. 180

excisus Lasch ....

. 129

. 180

excissus Fr

66

. 78

excoriatus Schceff. .

15

. 139

eximius Smith ' . . .

. 188

. 79

expallens Pers.

. 89

. 265

exquisitus Vitt.

. 306

. 245

exsculptus Fr.

. 112

. 27

extuberans Batt.

. 112

. 157

extuberans Fr.

. 112

. 225

farinaceus Huds. .

. 96

. 121

fascicularis Huds. .

. 318

. 221

fastibilis Fr

255

. 249

fastigiatns Scha'/. .

. 246

. 249

fertilis Berk. . .

. 196

. 92

fibrillosus Pers.

. 335

. 76

nbrosus Sow. .

. 246

. 172

ill tula Bull

. 163

. 167

filiceus Cke

. 275

. 163

fllopes Bull

. 138

. 148

limbriatus Bolt.

. 169

. 287

fimetarius Bolt.

. 349

. 319

fimicola Fr

. 342

. 287

fliniputris Bull.

. 339

. 346

tirnius Pers

. 257

. 133

flaccidus Sow.

. 86

INDEX.

367

AOARICCS Li ii n. continued,
flamnians Fr
flavidus Scltf'f.

PAGE |

. 232
. 270
73

flavo-albus Fr.

. 127

flavo-brunneus Fr.

. :',9

flavo-floccosusRatscli

. 24

flcivo-virens Pers.

35

floccifer B. & Br. .

. 2C,5

flni-eosv.s Schseff.

. 2:;0

flocculentus Poll.

. 240

flocculosus Berk. .

. 24::

flos-siiljihurlx Sclmitz.

22

fluxilis Fr

. ISO

focalis Fr

. 29

t'l-nisecii Pers.

. 331

formosa Gonn. & Rab. .

:,

formosus Fr

. 210

fragrans S<>u'. .

. 9::

Friesii Lasch ....

. 16

fruinentaceus Bvll.

41

fncatus Fr. ....

. 36

j'nl callus Bull.

. 227

fulvellus Fr

. 39

fulvo-strignsus Br. ,[ /;/.

. 214

fulrus Bull

. 39

fiilrv.s Sch;t-ll'.

. 11

fumosus Harz.

. 36

tumosus /'(/>.

. SO

fn.iiflites Batsch

. 11

furfuraceus Pers. .

. 2'.7

fuscipes Sow

. 277

fuMO-pHi'i'iin s La.si-h .

. 124

fitsiformis Bull.

. 100

Jusiformes Schvaa. .

. 4s

fusipes Bt'U

. 99

fusus Batsi-li ....

. 269

gadinoidf.s Snt!th .

. 17r.

galericulatus s<r>p. .

. 130

gallinaceus tfcop.

78

galopus Per*

. 14:-)

ganibosus Fr

. 56

gangreenosus Fr.

. 71

gausapatus /';.

46

geophyllus Sow.

. 252

Georgii Sow

. 305

Georgiiiii- Smith

. 28

geotropus Bull.

. 85

gigmtti "* Leys. & Auct.

. >2

giganteus Sow.

. 82

giivo-brunneus Jungh. .

292

gilvus Pers

84

gilvus Schtefi'.

. 256

glareosus B. <f Br. .

. 336

glaucophyllus Lasch

. 156

glaucus Bull

. 207

globulifer Bvond. .

. 106

gloiocephalus Dec. Fl. .

. 185

gloioderiiius Fr.

. 26

gliitinosus Curt.

. 314

glutinosus Li net.

. 256

gnaphalio-cephalus Bull.

. 254

Goliath Br

. 29

Gordoni B. Br. .

. 335

gossypinus Bull. .

. 336

gracilentus Krombh.

. 15

gracilis Br

. 343

gracillinius Weinm.

. 164

graniinicola Xees. .

. 289

AGARICUS Linn. continued. PACK

grammocephalus Bull. ... 98

grammopodius null. . . 64
granulatus Scha-tf. . . .43
granulosus Batsch . . .23

graveoleus Sow 56

griseo-cyaueus Fr. . . . 197

griseo-pallidus Desm. . . 160

griseo-rubellus Lascl . . . 218

griseus Fr. ..... 162

griseus Schseff. . . . .110

guminosus Lasch .... 268

guttatus Scl<'f. .... 43

gymnopodius Bull. . . . 2r,4

lutmactus Berk. <( Ckc. . . . -J4."i

hii-inatites B. & I'.r. ... 31

hpematopus PH-/-.S 141

luemorrhoidarius Kuh.-libr. . . 307

hamadryas Fr 276

hariolorum D.C. . . .103

haustellaris Fr 302

hebes Fr 330

helodes Fr 193

lirlomorphus Fr 274

hrpatirus Batse-h .... I."i7

In-fint;, //> Weinm 62

lieternclitus Fr 229

hiasrcns Fr 344

hienialis Osbeck. . . . 149

liirneolus Fr 71

hirsutus L'l.-'-li .... 240

hispidulus Fr 189

hispidus Lascli . . ]S

liiulcus Fr 247

Hobsoni Berk. . . 181

holoserice.us Fr 21

Ho-'l-eri Kl 309

horizontals Bull 278

huiuilis Fr 65

// ,/nli ,i .s Scha-tr. .... 11

li'i/h ri<l>i.s Bull 269

liybridus Fr. ..... 272

li/ihri'lH.s Sow. .... 272

hydrogrammus Fr. . . . 151

liygrophilus Fr 330

hypnophilus Berk 182

liypnorum Biitvli .... 294

liystrix Fr 238

icterinus Fr 215

illinitus Fr 27

imbricatus Fr. . . .45

immundus Berk 46

iiiijiolitus Schuin 96

inamcenus Fr. .... 53

inauratus Smith .... 271

incanus Fr 210

incilis Fr 83

infula Fr 216

infumatus /;. <f" Br. . 159

infundibvMformis Bull. . . 86

infundibulifunuis Sclio'/. . 82

ingratus Schiim 104

innocuus La&h .... 279

inoclorus Bull. .... 197

inolens Fr 116

inopus Fr 271

inornatns "". . . 71

inquilinus Fr. . 300

integrellus Pers 164

3 68

INDEX.

AGARICUS Linn. continued.

PAGE

inunetus Fr

. 310

inversus Scop.

. 85

ionides Bull

. 54

Iris Berk. ....

. 122

isclmostylus Cke. .

. 262

jecorinus B. & Br. .

. 225

Jerdoni B. Br. .

. 315

iubatus Fr. ....

196

iunceus Fr .

214

150

juncinus Smith

. 267

233

Keithii Phil. Plow. .

. 51

laccatus Scop.

. 95

laceratus Lasch

. 117

lacerus Fr.

. 243

lachrymabundus Bull. .

. 321

laehrymabundus Fr.

. 320

lachrymabundus Sow.

. 321

lacteus Bull

. 150

lacteus Pers

. 127

lampropus Fr.

. 207

lanaripes Cke.

. 322

lanuginosus Bull. .

. 240

lappula Fr

. 207

laricinus Bolt.

32

lascivus Fr

. 53

lateralis Fl. Dan. .

. 180

lateritius Fr

. 291

latus Bolt

. 188

lauro-cerasi B. Br.

. 176

laxipes Fr

. 102

lazulinus Fr

. 209

Leightoni Berk.

. 179

leiocephalus B. Br.

. 321

leiopus Pers

. 101

lenticularis Lasch .

. 10

lentus Pers

. 266

leochroimis Cke.

. 227

leoninus Scha>/.

. 190

leptocephalus Pers.

. 134

leucocephalus Bull. .

. 60

leucocephalus Fr. .

. 60

leucogalus Cke.

. 144

leucophanes B. Br. .

. 339

leucophyllus Fr. .

. 154

leucotephrus B. Br. .

. 323

leucothites Vittad. .

. 21

Leveillianus D. & M.

. 225

licmophorns B. Br. .

22

lignatilis Bull.

. 272

lignatilis Fr

. 170

limpiclus Fr

. 176

lineatus Bull

. 126

liquiritiae Pers.

. 273

lividus Bull

. 192

lixivius Fr

67

lobatus Sow

. 86

lougicaudus Pers. .

. 261

longipes Bull.

. 98

loricatus Fr

. 49

Loveianus Berk.

. 184

lubricus Fr

. 266

lucifugus Fr

. 251

lugens Jungh.

. 261

lugubris Fr

. 276

lupinus Fr

. 266

luridus Schceff.

. '43

AGARICUS Linn. continued. PAGE

luteo-albus Bolt 127

luteus With 22

luxurians Fr 228

niacilentus Fr 113

macrocephalus Schulz. ... 48

niacropus B. & Br. var. . . . 224

macropus Pers 223

macrorhizus Lascli .... 47

maculatus A. S 100

madreporeus Batsch ... 48

magnificus Fr. .... 9

raagnimamma Fr 263

majalis Fr 199

majalis Saund. & Sin. . . . 196

mammosus Linn 213

inappa Fr. ... 4

inarginatus Batsch .... 235

marginellus Pers 122

Mar tie Kl 17

maritimus Fr. .... 242

Marklini Tratt 371

mastiger B. & Br 333

mastoideus Fr 16

mastrucatus Fr. . . . 179

maurus Fr 152

inaxiinus Fl. Wett. ... 81

medius Schum 186

medullatus Fr 26

megalodactylus Berk. & Br. . . 10

melaleucus Per* 64

nielaspermus Bull. . . . 311

meleagris Sow 18

mclinoides Bull 280

melinoides Fr 280

melleus FL Dan 31

membranaceus Fr. ... 82

merdarius Fr. .... 313

mesodactylus B. & Br. . . . 225
mesomorphns Bull. . . .25

mesophteus Fr 25S

metachrous Fr 91

inetatus Fr 135

metatus Seer 133

metulewsporus B. & Br. ... 19

microrliizus Lasch .... 337
militaris Lascli . . . .61

millus Sow 32

mimicus Smith .... 103

minutus Quel. .... 295
mirabilis Cke. & Quel. . . .123

mitis Pers 175

mixtus Fr 267

mollis Bolt 71

inollis Seine/. 301

molliusculus Sow 191

iiiorosus Jungh 24S

mniophilus Lasch .... 295

mucidus Schrad 32

Miilleri Fr 230

mundulus Lasch .... 203

muralis Soiv 158

muricatus Fl. Dan. ... 24

muricatus Fr 234

murinaceus Butt 51

murmaceus Gonn. & Rab. . . 70

muri/naceus Krombh. ... 48

murinus Batsch .... 117

murinus Sow. 210

INDEX.

169

muscarius Linn.
muscigenus Schum.
mussivus Fr.
mustelinus F
mntabilis Batsch
mutabilis Fl. Bat.
mutabilis Schu.'/.
muticus Fr.
mutilus Fr.
mycenoides Fr.
mycenopsis Fr.
myomyces A
mvosotis F;
nanus Bull,
nanus 7't/>.
napipes Krombh.
naucinus Fr.
nebularis Batsch
Necsii Klotsch.
nefrens Fr.
neptuneus Bat#-h
nictitans Fr.
nidorosus 7V. .
nigrella Per*.
nitellinns Fr.
nitidus Fl. Dan.
nitidus Fr.
niralis Grev.
niveus Fl. Dan.

il!'-<'HS SOW.

noli-tangere Fr.
nuceus Bolt.
nucisedus Fr. .
nudipcs /'/.
nuclus Bud.
n ml us Harz.
nummularius Fr.
obbatus Fr.
obe&us Batsch
obesus Schum.
obsciirus Pers.
obscurus Schsff.
obsoletus Batsch
obturatus /'/. .
6btur<itnx Krombh.
obtusatus //.
ocellatus Fr.
ochraceus Bull,
odorus Bull.
oadematopus !.
offuciatus Fr.
olivaceo-fusciis
ombrophilus Fr.
oniscus Fr.
opacus With.
Orcella BulL
oreinus Fr.
orirubens Quel.
ostreatus Jacq.
ovalis Fr.
ovinus Bull.
oxyosmus Mont,
ozes Fr. .
pachyphyUns Berk,
psedidus Fr.
paUidus Schaeff.
pallidiis Sow.
palmatus Sow.

VOL. I.

continued.
.n.
',hum.

;ch .
Bat. .
eff.

PAGE
5
. 114
. 255
. 236
. 236
. 32
. 235

AGARICUS Linn. continued,
paludosus Fr.
pana?olus Ft-
pantherinus D.C. .
pantoleucus Fr.
papilionaceus Fr. .
parabolicus Fr.
parilis Fr. ....

PAGE
. 2!->8
. 63
6
. 171
. 341
. 131
83

r. . . .
f. . .
and Scliw.

bh. '.

rji ,

. 244
. 171

. 237
. 296
. 47
. 285
. 128
. 189
. 48
. 21
70

Parkensis Fr.
parvulus ]l'einm. .
paseuus Pers
patulus Fr
pauperculus Bcrlc. .
pausiacus Fr.
pediades Fr
pelianthinus Fr.
pelliculosus Fr.
pclla.tperunix}}u.l\. .

. 21S
. 186
. 212
. 58
. 134
. 92
. 2S4
. 121
. 145
. 333
. 136

i. ...

. 188
. 211

Pengellei /.'. <t Br. .

. 72
. 336

tin-h .

n. .
i.

. 75
. 39
. -201
. -291
. 108
. 33
9
. 11
. 158
. 221

Percevali B. <( 7.V. .
pcrpendicularis Bull,
personatiis Fr.
Persoonianus Phil. cC Plou: .
Persoonii Du Port .
pessundatns Batt. .
pessundatus Fr.
petaloides P.nJL
petasatus Fr

. 312
. 110
. 61
. 200
. 201
. 260
. 41
. 174
. 188
. 263

V

337

. :-t03

Jr. ." .' !
ff

. 281.
. 328
. 262
. r,2
. 72
. 109

. no

. 203
. 256
. 245

::2

phajocephalus 7.'"'?.
phi.roaperinn.-i h'r.
phalit-narum Fr.
phalloides Fr.
phiala Fl. Dan.
Phillipsii B. tk Br. .
philonotis iMsch
phlebophorus Dittm.
phonospermus Bull.
phyllophilus Fr. .
physaloides Bull. .

. 246
. 312
. 339
4
. 161
. 303
. 155
. 191
196, 198
. 76
. 328

tj^7/.

"4

215

mbh.

. 311

. 226
. 334

picreus Fr
pi'-re-us Pers

. 273
. 273
. 161

. 113

pileolaris Bull.

. 70

24

85

>c/w/.

Fl. Dan. '.
FV. .

. 74
. 100
. 153
. 33
. 225
. 155

pilosellvs Pers.
pilosus Batsch
pilulseformis Bull. .
pisciodorus Cc*.
pithyophilus Seer. .
placenta Bfitxdt-

. 292
. 138
. 324
. 214
. 77
. 193

i. '. '.
(.

t. .

3erk.

ff. '. '. !

. 81
. 203
. 59
. 47
. 172
. -292
. 50
. 309
. 115
. 50
. 67
. 57
. 203
. 169

placidus Fr
planus Sow
platyphyllus Fr.
plexipes Fr
plicato-crenatus Fr.
plicosus Fr
plumbeus Schaaff.
plamosus Bolt.
plvteus Dittm.
polius Fr
polygrammus Bull.
polystictus Berk. .
pomono; Lenz.
pomposus Bolt.

. 206
. 260
. 98
. 116
. 146
. 136
. 11
. 241
. . 188
. SO
. 131
. 24
. 56
. 269

2 A

37

INDEX.

AGARICUS Linn. continued.

PACK

popinalis Fr

. 203

porcellanus Schiuff.

. 349

porphyroleucus Hull.

. 64

porrigens Pers.

. 178

portentosus Fr.

. 36

PostiiFr

. 153

226

pravus LCI scli

54

procerus Scop.

. 13

proliferus Fr.

. 128

pronus Fr

. 345

protractus Fr.

. 118

pruinosus LUS<JI

. 90

prunuloides Fr.

. 192

prunulus Scop.

. 20:2

prnnulus Viv.

. 202

psaminicola B. & Br.

. 129

psathyroides Cke. .

. 107

pseudo-androsaceus Bull.

. 159

pseudo-clypeatvs Bolt.

. 133

pseudo-pitrus Cke. .

. 125

pterigenus Fr.

. 148

pvbescens Sow.

. 179

pudicus Bull

. 227

puella Gonn. & Rab.

6

puellaris Fr

. 15

pullatus Berk. Cke.

. 133

pulmonarius Fr.

. 174

pulverulentus Bull.

. 271

pulvinatus Bolt.

. 11

pumihis Bull.

. 127

pumilus Fr

. 237

pumihis Sow

. 143

punctatus Fr.

. 257

purpurevs Pers.

. 54

purus Pers

. 125

pusillus Pers.

. 186

pusillus SchiL'fF.

. 284

pusiolus Fr

. 281

putidus Fr

. 68

pygmeo-affinis Fr. .

. 293

pyriodorus Pers.

. 242

pyrotrichus Holmsk.

. 320

pyrrhospermus Bull.

. 190

pyxidatus Bull.

. 154

quinquepartitus Fr.

. 37

racemosus Pers.

. 106

rachodes VW.

. 14

radicatus Rdh,

. 97

radicosus Bull.

. 226

Ralfsii B. & Br.

. 303

ramentaceus Bull. .

. 30

ramentaceus Krotnbh. .

. 23

ramoso-radicatus Bolt. .

. 272

rancidus Fr

. 114

ravidus Fr

. 296

relicinus Fr

. 239

reniformis Fr.

. 176

Rennyi B. & Br.

. 245

repandus Bvii.

. 193

repandus Fr

. 246

repens Fr

. 98

resplendens Fr.

. 37

resutus Fr

. 196

reticulatus Pers.

. 289

retirugis Fr

. 340

retostus Fr

. 159

revolutus Kicks. .

. 173

,f- Br.

S.

AGARIC us Linn. continued.
rhabarbarinus Krombh.
rhodocylix Lascli .
rhodopolius Fr.
rimosus Bull. .
riinulincola Rabritli.
rivulosus Pers.
robustus A. & S.
roridus Fr.
rosellus Batscli
rosellus Fr. .
roseus Fl. Dan.
roseus Pers.
rubens Scop. .
rubescens Pers.
rubi Berk.
rubidus Berk. .
rubigiuosus Pers. .
rubricatus B. & Br.
rubro-marginatus Fr.
rufo-carneus Berk. .
rufulus B. & BA
rufus Pers.
rugosus Fr.
rusticus Fr. .
Ruthse B. & Br.
rutilans Schceff.
sacchariferus B.
Sadleri B. & Br. .
sagarum Seer,
salicinus Pers.
salignus Abb. d. Schiv.
sambucinus Fr.
sanguinolentus A.
sapineus Fr. .
saponaceus Fr.
Saundersii Fr.
scabellus A. & S.
scabellus Fr. .
scaber Miill. .
scalpturatus Fr.
scambus Fr. .
Schssfferi J5. Br. .
Schumacheri Fr. .
scobicola B. & Br. .
scobinaceus Fr.
scolecinus Fr.
sejunctus Sow.
semiflexus B. & Br.
semiglobatus Batscli
semilanceatus Fr. .
seminudus Lascli
semiorbicularis Bull,
semiovatus Sow.
semitalis Fr. .
semivestitus B. & Br.
senescens Batscli .
senilis Fr.
separatus Linn.
septiciis Fr.
sericellus Fr. .
sericeus Bull .
sericeus Krombh. .
sericeus Pers. .
serico-ceplialus Letell.
serotinus Schrad. .
serratus Bolt. .
serrulatus Pers.
sessilis Bull.

PAGE

. 232

. 219

. 198

. 248

. 278

. 75

. 30

. 146

. 96

. 124

. 125

. 125
8
8

. 302

. 217

. 294

. 279

. 124

. 215

. 157

. 46

. 129

. 156

. 170

. 42

. 148

. 96

. 104

. 189

. 173

. 250

. 142

. 272

. 48

. 195

. 103

. 252

. 242

. 44

. 274

. 317

. 58

. 332

. 315

. 281

. 35

. 279

. 314

. 329

. 25

. 284

. 338

. 99

. 335

. 259

. 87

. 338

. 178

. 197

. 200

. 44

. 201

. 186

. 175

. 42

. 208
221

INDEX.

371

AOARICCS Linn. continued. PAGE

setosus .Sow 149

sideroides Bull 282

silaceus Pers. .... 316

silvaticus Scho-ff 307

silvicola Vitt. . . . .307

sinapizans Fr 259

sindonius Fr. .... 251

sinuatus Fr 192

siniios-us Saund. & Sm. . . . 192

siparius Fr 287

sistratus Fr -25

sobrius Fr 286

socialis Fr 72

solitarius Bull 7

><< ilitarius Gonn. & Rab. . . 4

solstitialis Fr 208

sordidus Fr 66

Smverbei Krombh 203

spadiceo-griseus ^i-hfjf. . . 334

spadiceus Fr. .... 329

sparteus Fr 293

spathulatus Pers 174

speciosus Fr 185

speciosus Klotsch 186

spectabilis Fr. .... 231

speculum Fr. .... 201

speireus Fr 140

spermaticus Fr 38

sphwrosporus Krombh. ... 21

sphagnicola Berk 155

spliagnoriun Pers 295

sphinctrinus Fr 340

spiloleucus Krombh. . . .255

spilopus B. & Br. . . 190

spinulosus Stev. <fc Sm. ... 84

spissus Fr

splendens Fl. Dan. .

splendens Pers. . . 85

spodochrcnis Pers 119

spodoleucus Fr 171

spongiosus Fr 167

spumosus Fr. .... 268

squainosus Bull 230

squamosus Fr. .... 312

squarrosus Bull 298

squarrosus Mull 230

stagninus Fr.

stanneus Fr 137

stans Fr. 41

stellatus Fr. . . 160

sterc orarius Fr 314

Stevenson! B. & Br. . . . 107

stilbocephalus B. & Br. . . 205
stipatus Fl. Dan. . .334

stipitarius Fr. . 103

tstipitis Sow 32

stipticus Fl. Dan. . . 175

stolonifer Jungh 110

storeaJ-Y. . . . 319

strangulatus Fr 11

strispes Cke. . . 282

stritepileus Fr 154

striatulus Fr. .... 181

striatulus Pers 221

atriatus Bull 360

striatus Schseff. .... 40

strobiliformis Gonn. and Rab. 9

strobiliformis Vitt. ... 7

AGARICTS Linn. continued. PAGE

strobilinus Fr 124

stylobates Pers. . . . 147

suavis Lasch . . . . 211

.subalutaceus Batscli ... 74

subantiquatus Batseh ... 20

subatratus Fr 343

subbalteatus B. d' Br. . . . 341

subcavus Schum 32

subcollariatus B. tC Br. . . . 259

subinvolutus Batseh ... 84

subinvolwtus Saund. & Sm. . . 85

sublateritius Scha'ff. . . . 317

subluteus FL Dan. . . . 234

subpalmatus Fr 168

subpulverulentus Per*. ... 66

subsessilis Fl. Dan. . . . ISO

subsquarrosus Fr 231

succineus Fr 108

sudorus Fr 130

sulcatus Lindgr 255

sulphureus Bull 52

superb-us Jungh 333

Swartzii Fr 163

tabacinus Dec. .... 284

TayloriJSerfc 184

telmatijfius Berk <{ Cke. . . . 155
temperatus -B. & Br. . . .185

tern ul entus Fr 286

tenacellus Pers 110

tenax Fr 285

tenellus Fr 141

tener Scha-/. 291

tenerrimus Berk 147

tennis Bolt 138

tennis Sow 140

Terreii B. & Br 23

terreus Schce/. .... 46

terrigenus Fr 224

tesquorum Fr. . . . 118

tessulatus Bull 168

testaceus Batseh .... 256

testudineus Pers 59

Thompson! B. Br. 198
thraustus Kalchbr. . . .312

tigrinus Schce/. .... 57

tintinnabulum Fr. . . . 132

togularis Bull 225

togula-ris Fr 225

tornatus Fr 77

tortilis Bolt 96

trechisporus Berk. . . . 253
tremulus Scho'/. . . . .177

trepidus Fr 344

tricholoma A. & S. . . . 254

tricolor Tratt 268

trilobus Bolt 11

Trinii Weinm. . . .250

triscopus Fr 283

TrogiiFr 75

trullfeforniis Fr. . . 82

truncatus Schtfff. .... 261
tubaPr. . . .88

tuberculosus Scha-ff. . . . 233
tuberosus Bull. . .106

tumidus Pers, . . 51

tumulosus Kalchbr. . 81

turgidus Grev. .... 70

tylicolor Fr. . . . 119

37^

INDEX.

AOARICUS it7i?! continued.

PAGE

tjiphoides Bull.

. 349

udus Pers

. 325

ulmarius Bull.

. 167

umbelliferus Linn.

. 158

umbMiferus Schaeft'.

. 137

iimbilicatus Bull. .

. 119

umliilieatus Schwff.

. 152

umbratilis Fr.

. 162

umbrosus Pers.

. 188

vindatus Berk.

. 103

undatus Fr

. 204

unicolor Fl. Dan. .

. 236

uniformis Pers.

. 241

urticsecola B. & Br.

. 337

40

vaccinus Pers.

. 45

vaginatus Bull.

11

Vahlii Schum.

. 223

valgus Holmsk.

. 158

variabilis Pers.

. 220

variegatus Scop.

. 42

varius Bolt

. 342

vatricosus Fr.

. 253

velutinus Pers.

. 321

velutipes Curt.

. 102

venenosa Pers.

5

ventricosus Bull. .

. 107

venustissimus Fr. .

. 73

veniistus Viv. ....

. 186

verecundus Fr.

. 216

verniicularis Fr.

. 87

vernicosus Fr.

. 73

vernus B'till

4

vernicosus Bull.

8

verruculosus Lascli

. 231

versicolor With.

. 309

versipellis Fr.

. 258

vertirugis Cke.

. 103

vervacti Fr

. 283

Testitus Cliev

288

vilis Fr

. 205

villosus Bolt

. 229

vinosus Bull

. 265

vinosus Corda

. 333

violaceus Sow.

. 62

virgatus Fr

. 52

riridis Pers

4

virosus Fr

3

virosus Gonn. & Ral>.

5

virosus Vitt

4

vitilis Fr

. 139

vitreus Fr

. 137

Vittadinii Fr.

. 20

vittsfiformis Fr.

. 294

volvaceus Bull.

. 183

volca.ceus minor Bull.

. 180

AGARICUS Linn. continued. PAGE

vulgaris Pers 145

White! B. & Br 253

Worthingtonii Fr 313

Wynne! B. & Br 199

xanthopus Fr 108

xerampelinus Sow. .... 42

xylophil'us Sow 337

xylophilus Weinm. . . . 101

zephirus Fr 126

BOLBITIUS Fr 361

albipes Fr 363

apicalis Smith .... 363

Boltonii Fr 362

fragilis Fr 362

hydrophilus Fr 361

rivulosus B. & Br 363

tener Berk 363

titubans Fr 362

COPRINUS Pers 347

alternatus Fr 355

aphthosus Fr 351

aratus B. & Br 354

atramentarius Fr 350

comatus Fr 348

cotlmrnatus Godey . . . . 360

deliquescens Fr 356

doraesticus Fr 358

ephemeras Fr 359

extinctorius Fr 352

filiformis B. & Br 360

fimetarius Fr. .... 352

flocculosus Fr 351

fuscescens Fr 350

hemerobius Fr 360

Hendersonii Berk 356

lagopus Fr 357

macrocephalus Berk. . . . 357

micaceus Fr 354

narcoticus Fr. .... 357

niveus Fr 353

nycthemerus Fr 358

ovatus Fr 349

papillatus Fr. .... 355

picaceus Bull 351

plinatilis Fr 359

radians Fr 355

radiatus .Fr 358

sirailis B. <k Br 352

sociatus Fr 359

Spraguei Berk 358

sterquilinus Br 349

tomentosus Fr 353

MONTAONITES, 347

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